The impact of emotion on offender decision-making: advancing our understanding through virtual re-enactment

References

• Apel, R. (2022). Sanctions, perceptions, and crime. Annual Review of Criminology, 5, 205–227. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-criminol-030920-112932
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bargh, J. (1994). The four horsemen of automaticity: Awareness, intention, efficiency, and control in social cognition. In R. Wyer & T. Srull (Eds.), Handbook of social cognition (pp. 1–40). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Barnum, T., Nagin, D., & Pogarsky G. (2021). Sanction risk perceptions, coherence, and deterrence. Criminology, 59, 195–223. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9125.12266
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnum, T. C., & Solomon, S. J. (2019). Fight or flight: Integral emotions and violent intentions. Criminology: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 57(4), 659–686. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9125.12222
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barsalou, L. (2008). Grounded cognition. Annual Review of Psychology, 59, 617–645. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.59.103006.093639.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bechara, A., & Damasio, A. R. (2005). The somatic marker hypothesis: A neural theory of economic decision. Games and Economic Behavior, 52(2), 336–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geb.2004.06.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett, T., & Wright, R. (1984). Burglars on burglary: Prevention and the offender. Gower.
   Google Scholar
• Bernasco, W., & Luykx, F. (2003). Effects of attractiveness, opportunity and accessibility to burglars on residential burglary rates of urban neighborhoods. Criminology; An interdisciplinary Journal, 41(3), 981–1002. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2003.tb01011.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonomi, A. E., & Martin, D. (2021). Domestic abusers: Expert triangulators, new victim advocacy models to buffer against it. Journal of Family Violence, 36(3), 383–388. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-020-00156-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bourke, P., Ward, T., & Rose, C. (2012). Expertise and sexual offending: A preliminary empirical model. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 27(12), 2391–2414. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260511433513
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brantingham, P. J., & Brantingham, P. L. (1975). The spatial patterning of burglary. The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice, 14(2), 11–23. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2311.1975.tb00297.x
   Google Scholar
• Brezina, T., Tekin, E., & Topalli, V. (2008). “Might not be a tomorrow”: A multi-methods approach to anticipated early death and youth crime. NBER Working Papers 14279. National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Calvo, M., & Lang, P. (2004). Gaze patterns when looking at emotional pictures: Motivationally biased attention. Motivation and Emotion, 28(3), 221–243. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:MOEM.0000040153.26156.ed
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carroll, J., & Weaver, F. (1986). Shoplifters' perceptions of crime opportunities: A process-tracing study. In D. B. Cornish and R. V. Clarke (Eds.), The reasoning criminal (pp. 19–38). Springer-Verlag.
   Google Scholar
• Chi, M., & Bassok, M. (1989). Learning from examples via self-explanations. In L. Resnick (Ed.), Knowledge, learning and instruction: Essays in honor of Robert Glaser (pp. 80–128). Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Chopin, J., & Décary-Hétu, D. (2023). Dark web pedophile site users’ cybersecurity concerns: A lifespan and survival analysis. Journal of Criminal Justice, 86, 102060. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2023.102060
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chopin, J., Paquette, S., & Beauregard, E. (2022). Is there an “expert” stranger rapist? Sexual Abuse, 34(1), 78–105. https://doi.org/10.1177/1079063221993478
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clare, J. (2011). Examination of systematic variations in burglars’ domain-specific perceptual and procedural skills. Psychology, Crime & Law, 17(3), 199–214. https://doi.org/10.1080/10683160903025810
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clore, G. L. (1992). Cognitive phenomenology: Feelings and the construction of judgment. In L. L. Martin & A. Tesser (Eds.), The construction of social judgments (pp. 133–163). Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, L., & Felson, M. (1979). Social change and crime rate trends: A routine activity approach. American Sociological Review, 44(4), 588–608. https://doi.org/10.2307/2094589
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colombetti, G. (2014). The feeling body: Affective science meets the enactive mind. MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Cook, P. J., & MacDonald, J. (2011). Public Safety through Private Action: an Economic Assessment of BIDS. Economic Journal, 121(552), 445–462. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2011.02419.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cornet, L., & Van Gelder, J. L. (2020). Virtual reality: A use case for criminal justice practice. Psychology, Crime & Law, 26(7), 631–647. https://doi.org/10.1080/1068316X.2019.1708357
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cornish, D., & Clarke, R. (Eds.). (1986). The reasoning criminal: Rational choice perspectives on offending. Springer-Verlag.
   Google Scholar
• Coupe, T. (2017). Burglary decisions. In W. Bernasco, J.-L. van Gelder, & H. Elfers (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of offender decision-making (1st ed., pp. 655–683). Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Cromwell, P., Olson, J., & Avary D. (1991). Breaking and entering: An ethnographic analysis of burglary. Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Dent, H., & Ward, T. (2022). Emotion and correctional practice: Theoretical foundations of an enactive practice framework. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 63, 101672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2021.101672
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dukes, D., Abrams, K., Adolphs, R., Ahmed, M. E., Beatty, A., Berridge, K. C., Broomhall, S., Brosch, T., Campos, J. J., Clay, Z., Clément, F., Cunningham, W. A., Damasio, A., Damasio, H., D’Arms, J., Davidson, J. W., de Gelder, B., Deonna, J., de Sousa, R., … Sander, D. (2021). The rise of affectivism. Nature Human Behaviour, 5(7), 816–820. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01130-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ericsson, K. A. (1996). The road to excellence: The acquisition of expert performance in the arts and sciences, sports and games. Earlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Ericsson, K. A. (2003). Valid and non-reactive verbalization of thoughts during performance of tasks: Toward a solution to the central problems of introspection as a source of scientific data. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 10, 1–18.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farrell, G., & Pease, K. (2014). Repeat victimization. In: G. Bruinsma, and D. Weisburd (Eds.), Encyclopedia of criminology and criminal justice. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5690-2_128
   Google Scholar
• Farrell, G., Tilley, N., Tseloni, A., & Mailley, J. (2011). The crime drop and the security hypothesis. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 48(2), 147–175. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427810391539
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiske, S. T., & Taylor, S. E. (1991). Social cognition (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Garwood, J. (2011). A quasi-experimental investigation of self-reported offending and perception of criminal opportunity in undergraduate students. Security Journal, 24(1), 37–51. https://doi.org/10.1057/sj.2009.8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glenberg, A. M. (1997). What memory is for. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 20(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X97000010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Golman, R., Gurney, N., & Loewenstein, G. (2021). Information gaps for risk and ambiguity. Psychological Review, 128(1), 86–103. https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000252
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta, R., Koscik, T., Bechara, A., & Tranel, D. (2011). The amygdala and decision-making. Neuropsychologia, 49(4), 760–766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.09.029
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haney, C., Banks, C., & Zimbardo, P. G. (1973). Interpersonal dynamics in a simulated prison. International Journal of Criminology and Penology, 1, 69–97.
   Google Scholar
• Heal, K., & Laycock, G. (Eds.). (1986). Situational crime prevention: From theory into practice. Her Majesty’s Stationery Office.
   Google Scholar
• Jacobs, B., & Cherbonneau, M. (2017). Nerve management and crime accomplishment. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 54(5), 617–638. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427817693037
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobs, B., & Cherbonneau, M. (2019). Reconciling emotion and rational choice: Negativistic auto theft, consequence irrelevance, and the seduction of destruction. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 56(6), 783–815. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427819828793
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson-Glenberg, M. (2018). Immersive VR and education: Embodied design principles that include gesture and hand controls. Frontiers in Robotics and AI, 5. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389frobt.2018.00081
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jongkees, B., & Colzato, L. (2016). Spontaneous eye blink rate as predictor of dopamine-related cognitive function—A review. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 71, 58–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.08.020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kendler, K. S. (2005). Toward a philosophical structure for psychiatry. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162(3), 433–440. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.162.3.433
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kip, H., Kelders, S., Weerink, K., Kuiper, A., Brüninghoff, I., Bouman, Y., Dijkslag, D., & Van Gemert-Pijnen, L. (2019). Identifying the added value of virtual reality for treatment in forensic mental health: A scenario-based, qualitative approach. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 406. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00406
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, M. S., Lee, Y. K., Pae, D. S., Lim, M. T., Kim, D. W., & Kang, T. K. (2019). Fast emotion recognition based on single pulse PPG signal with convolutional neural network. Applied Sciences, 9, 3355. https://doi.org/10.3390/App9163355
   Google Scholar
• Lindegaard, M., & Jacques, S. (2014). Agency as a cause of crime. Deviant Behavior, 35(2), 85–100. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2013.822205
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, J. (2011). Early health risk factors for violence: Conceptualization, evidence, and implications. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 16(1), 63–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2010.12.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loewenstein, G., Nagin, D., & Paternoster, R. (1997). The effect of sexual arousal on expectations of sexual forcefulness. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 34(4), 443–473. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427897034004003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Logan, G. D. (1988). Toward an instance theory of automatization. Psychological Review, 95(4), 492–527. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.95.4.492
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Logie, R., Wright, R., & Decker, S. (1992). Recognition memory performance and residential burglary. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 6(2), 109–123. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.2350060203
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maiese, M. (2011). Embodiment, emotion and cognition. Palgrave, Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Martens, M., Antley, A., Freeman, D., Slater, M., Harrison, P., & Tunbridge, E. (2019). It feels real: Physiological responses to a stressful virtual reality environment and its impact on working memory. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 33(10), 1264–1273. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881119860156
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meenaghan, A., Nee, C., Van Gelder, J.-L., Vernham, Z., & Otte, M. (2020). Expertise, emotion and specialization in the development of persistent burglary. The British Journal of Criminology, 60(3), 742–761. https://doi.org/10.1093/Bjc/Azz078
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meenaghan, A., Nee, X., Van Gelder, J. L., Otte, M., & Vernham, Z. (2018). Getting closer to the action: Using the virtual enactment method to understand burglary. Deviant Behavior, 39(4), 437–460. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2017.1407104
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milgram, S. (1963). Behavioral study of obedience.. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67(4), 371–378. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0040525
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell, S. D. (2003). Biological complexity and integrative pluralism. Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mulligan, K., & Scherer, K. R. (2012). Toward a working definition of emotion. Emotion Review, 4(4), 345–357. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073912445818
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagin, D. (2007). Moving choice to center stage in criminological research and theory: The American Society of Criminology 2006 Sutherland address. Criminology; An interdisciplinary Journal, 45(2), 259–272. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2007.00078.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagin, D. S., Solow, R. M. & Lum, C. (2015). Deterrence, criminal opportunities, and police. Criminology, 53, 74–100. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9125.12057
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nee, C. (2010). Research on residential burglary: Ways of improving validity and participants' recall when gathering data. In W. Bernasco (Ed.), Offenders on offending: learning about crime from criminals (pp. 231–245). Willan Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Nee, C. (2015). Understanding expertise in burglars: From pre-conscious scanning to action and beyond, Aggression and Violent Behavior, 20, 53-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2014.12.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nee, C., & Meenaghan, A. (2006). Expert decision-making in burglars. British Journal of Criminology, 46, 935-949. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azl013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nee, C., van Gelder, J., Otte, M., Vernham, Z., & Meenaghan, A. (2019). Learning on the job: Studying expertise in residential burglars using virtual environments. Criminology; An interdisciplinary Journal, 57(3), 481–511. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9125.12210
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nee, C., & Taylor, M. (2000). Examining burglars’ target selection: Interview, experiment or ethnomethodology? Psychology, Crime & Law, 6, 45-59. https://doi.org/10.1080/10683160008410831.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nee, C., & Vernham, Z. (2017). Expertise and its contribution to the notion of protective factors in offender rehabilitation and desistance. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 32, 37–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2016.12.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nee, C., & Ward, T. (2015). Review of expertise and its general implications for correctional psychology and criminology. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 20, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2014.12.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nee, C., White, M., Woolford, K., Pascu, T., Barker, L., & Wainwright, L. (2015). New methods for examining expertise in burglars in natural and simulated environments: Preliminary findings. Psychology, Crime & Law, 21, 507-513. https://doi.org/10.1080/1068316X.2014.989849
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen, H. (2020). On the conceptualization of criminal capital. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 57(2), 182–216. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427819869422
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norman, G., Eva, K., Brooks, L., & Hamstra, S. (2006). Expertise in medicine and surgery. In K. Ericsson, N. Charness, P. Feltovich, & R. Hoffman (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of expertise and expert performance (pp. 339–353). Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Office for National Statistics. (2022). Crime in England and Wales: Appendix tables. https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/crimeandjustice/datasets/crimeinenglandandwalesappendixtables
   Google Scholar
• Palmeri, T., Wong, A., & Gautier, I. (2004). Computational approaches to the development of perceptual expertise. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 8(8), 378–386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2004.06.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panksepp, J. (1992). A critical role for "affective neuroscience" in resolving what is basic about basic emotions. Psychological Review, 99(3), 554–560. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.99.3.554
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paternoster, R. (2018). Perceptual deterrence theory. In D. Nagin, F. Cullen, & C. Jonson (Eds.), Deterrence, choice, and crime: Contemporary perspectives (1st ed., pp. 81–107). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Pickett, J. T., Roche, S. P., & Pogarsky, G. (2018). Toward a bifurcated theory of emotional deterrence. Criminology; An interdisciplinary Journal, 56(1), 27–58. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9125.12153
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pogarsky, G., Roche, S. P., & Pickett, J. T. (2017). Heuristics and biases, rational choice, and sanction perceptions. Criminology; An interdisciplinary Journal, 55(1), 85–111. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9125.12129
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reale, K. S., Beauregard, E., & Chopin, J. (2022). Expert versus novice: Criminal expertise in sexual burglary and sexual robbery. Sexual Abuse, 34(3), 292–318. https://doi.org/10.1177/10790632211024236
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roche, S., Wilson, T., & Pickett, J. (2020). Perceived control, severity, certainty, and emotional fear: Testing an expanded model of deterrence. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 57(4), 493–531. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427819888249
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scherer, K. R., & Moors, A. (2019). The emotion process: Event appraisal and component differentiation. Annual Review of Psychology, 70(1), 719–745. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-122216-011854
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seinfeld, S., Arroyo-Palacios, J., Iruretagoyena, G., Hortensius, R., Zapata, L., Borland, D., De Gelder, B., Slater, M., & Sanchez-Vives, M. (2018). Offenders become the victim in virtual reality: Impact of changing perspective in domestic violence. Scientific Reports, 8(1), 2692. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-19987-7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Seinfeld, S., Hortensius, R., Arroyo-Palacios, J., Iruretago-Yena, G., Zapata, L., De Gelder, B., Slater, M., & Sanchez-Vives, M. (2023). Domestic violence from a child perspective: Impact of an immersive virtual reality experience on men with a history of intimate partner violent behavior. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 38(3–4), 2654–2682. https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605221106130
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sherman, L. W., Gartin, P. R. & Buerger, M. E. (1989). Hot spots of predatory crime: routine activities and the criminology of place. Criminology, 27, 27-56. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.1989.tb00862.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slater, M., Lotto, B., Arnold, M. M., & Sanchez-Vives, M. V. (2009). How we experience immersive virtual environments: The concept of presence and its measurement. Anuario De Psicología, 40, 193–210.
   Google Scholar
• Slater, M., & Wilbur, S. (1997). A framework for immersive virtual environments (FIVE): Speculations on the role of presence in virtual environments. Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments, 6, 603-616. https://doi.org/10.1162/pres.1997.6.6.603
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slovic, P., Flynn, J. H., & Layman, M. (1991). Perceived risk, trust, and the politics of nuclear waste. Science, 254(5038), 1603–1607. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.254.5038.1603
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Statistica. (2023). https://www.statista.com/statistics/191237/reported-property-crime-rate-in-the-us-since-1990/
   Google Scholar
• Telep, C., Weisburd, D., Gill, C., Vitter, Z., & Teichman, D. (2014). Displacement of crime and diffusion of crime control benefits in large-scale geographic areas: A systematic review. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 10(4), 515–548. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-014-9208-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Todd, R., Miskovic, V., Chikazoe, J., & Anderson, A. (2020). Emotional objectivity: Neural representations of emotions and their interaction with cognition. Annual Review of Psychology, 71(1), 25–48. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010419-051044
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Topalli, V. (2005). Criminal expertise and offender decision-making: An experimental analysis of how offenders and non-offenders differentially perceive social stimuli. The British Journal of Criminology, 45(3), 269–295. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azh086
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Topalli, V., Dickinson, T., & Jacques, S. (2020). Learning from criminals: Active offender research for criminology. Annual Review of Criminology, 3(1), 189–215. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-criminol-032317-092005
   Google Scholar
• Topalli, V., Jacques, S., & Wright, R. (2015). “It takes skills to take a car”: Perceptual and procedural expertise in carjacking. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 20, 19–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2014.12.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Treiber, K. (2014). A neuropsychological test of criminal decision-making: Regional prefrontal influences in a dual process model. In J. L. Van Gelder, H. Elffers, D. Reynald, & D. Nagin (Eds.), Affect and cognition in criminal decision making (pp. 193–220). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Tseloni, A., & Thompson, R. (2018). Household- and area-level differences in burglary risk and security availability over time. In A. Tseloni, R. Thompson, & N. Tilley (Eds.), Reducing burglary (pp. 107–164). Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Tseloni, A., Thompson, R., Grove, L., Tilley, N., & Farrell, G. (2017). The effectiveness of burglary security devices. Security Journal, 30(2), 646–664. https://doi.org/10.1057/sj.2014.30
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tulving, E. (2002). Episodic memory: From mind to brain. Annual Review of Psychology, 53(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135114
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Gelder, J. L. (2013). Beyond rational choice: The hot/cool perspective of criminal decision making. Psychology, Crime & Law, 19(9), 745–763. https://doi.org/10.1080/1068316X.2012.660153
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Gelder, J. L. (2023). Virtual reality for criminologists: A road map. Crime and Justice, 52, 1–49. https://doi.org/10.1086/726691
   Google Scholar
• Van Gelder, J. L., De Vries, R., & Van Der Pligt, J. (2009). Evaluating a dual-process model of risk: Affect and cognition as determinants of risky choice. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 22(1), 45–61. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.610
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Gelder, J. L., De Vries, R. E., Demetriou, A., Van Sintemaartensdijk, I., & Donker, T. (2019). The virtual reality scenario method: Moving from imagination to immersion in criminal decision-making research. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 56(3), 451–480. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427818819696
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Gelder, J. L., De Vries, R. E., Van Sintemaartensdijk, I., & Donker, T. (2022). Personality pathways to aggression: Testing a trait-state model using immersive technology. Criminology; An interdisciplinary Journal, 60(3), 406–428. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9125.12305
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Gelder, J.-L., Elffers, H., Reynald, D., & Nagin, D. (2014a). Introduction: Affect and cognition in criminal decision making: Between rational choices and lapses of self-control. In J.-L. Van Gelder, H. Elffers, D. Reynald, & D. Nagin (Eds.), Affect and cognition in criminal decision making (pp. 161–178). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Van Gelder, J. L., Nee, C., Otte, M., Demetriou, A., Van Sintemaartensdijk, I., & Van Prooijen, J. W. (2017). Virtual burglary: Exploring the potential of virtual reality to study burglary in action. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 54(1), 29–62. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427816663997
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Gelder, J. L., Reynald, D., & Elffers, H. (2014b). Anticipated emotions and immediate affect in criminal decision-making: From anger to shame. In J. L. Van Gelder, H. Elffers, D. Reynald, & D. Nagin (Eds.), Affect and cognition in criminal decision making (pp. 1–19). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Van Sintemartensdijk, I., Van Gelder, J. L., Van Proojen, J., & Nee, C. (2020). Effects of guardianship on burglar deterrence: A virtual reality experiment. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 17(4), 657–676. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-020-09430-1
   Google Scholar
• Vieraitis, L., Copes, H., Powell, Z., & Pike, A. (2015). A little information goes a long way: Expertise and identity theft. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 20, 10–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2014.12.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vrij, A. (2008). Detecting lies and deceit: Pitfalls and opportunities. In Wiley series in the psychology of crime, policing and law. Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Ward, T., & Hudson, S. M. (2000). Sexual offenders’ implicit planning: A conceptual model. Sexual Abuse, 12(3), 189–202. https://doi.org/10.1177/107906320001200303
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wilson, M. (2002). Six views of embodied cognition. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 9(4), 625–636. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03196322
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright, R., & Decker, S. (1994). Burglars on the job: Streetlife and residential break-ins. Northeastern University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wright, R., Logie, R., & Decker, S. (1995). Criminal expertise and offender decision making: An experimental study of the target selection process in residential burglary. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 32(1), 39–53. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427895032001002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar