Factors in the Path From Lean to Patient Safety: Six Sigma, Goal Specificity and Responsiveness Capability

References

• Agarwal, Swati, Lorry Frankel, Susan Tourner, Alex McMillan, and Paul J. Sharek. 2008. Improving communication in a pediatric intensive care unit using daily patient goal sheets. Journal of Critical Care 23, no. 2:227–235.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anand, Gopesh, Peter T. Ward, Mohan V. Tatikonda, and David A. Schilling. 2009. Dynamic capabilities through continuous improvement infrastructure. Journal of Operations Management 27, no. 6:444–461.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson, James C., and David W. Gerbing. 1988. Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin 103, no. 3:411–423.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersson, Roy, Henrik Eriksson, and Hakan Torstensson. 2006. Similarities and differences between TQM, Six Sigma and lean. The TQM magazine 18, no. 3:282–296.
   Google Scholar
• Armstrong, J. Scott, and Terry S. Overton. 1977. Estimating non-response bias in mail surveys. Journal of Marketing Research 14, no. 3:396–402.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnheiter, Edward D., and John Mealeyeff. 2005. The integration of lean management and Six Sigma. The TQM Magazine 17, no. 1:5–18.
   Google Scholar
• Arthur, J. 2011. Lean six sigma for hospitals. New York: McGraw-Hill Professional.
   Google Scholar
• Bagozzi, Richard P., Youjae Yi, and Lynn W. Phillips. 1991. Assessing construct validity in organizational research. Administrative Science Quarterly 36, no. 3:421–458.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berriel-Cass, Dorine, Frank W. Adkins, Polly Jones, and Mohamad G. Fakih. 2006. Eliminating nosocomial infections at ascension health. The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety 32, no. 11:612–620.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bhamu, Jaiprakash, and Kuldip Singh Sangwan. 2014. Lean manufacturing: Literature review and research issues. International Journal of Operations & Production Management 34, no. 7:3–3.
   Google Scholar
• Boyer, Kenneth K., John W. Gardner, and Sharon Schweikhart. 2012. Process quality improvement: An examination of general vs. outcome-specific climate and practices in hospitals. Journal of Operations Management 30, no. 4:325–339.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, Alan B., Joseph D. Restuccia, Michael Shwartz, Jennifer E. Drake, Ray Kang, Peter Kralovec, Sally K. Holmes, Frances Margolin, and Deborah Bohr. 2008. A survey of hospital quality improvement activities. Medical Care Research and Review 65, no. 5:571–595.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, Wesley M., and Daniel A. Levinthal. 1990. Absorptive capacity: A new perspective on learning and innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly 35, no. 1:128–152.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darroch, Jenny. 2003. Developing a measure of knowledge management behaviors and practices. Journal of Knowledge Management 7:41–54.
   Google Scholar
• Darroch, Jenny. 2005. Knowledge management, innovation and firm performance. Journal of Knowledge Management 9, no. 3:101–115.
   Google Scholar
• Koning de, Henk, John PS Verver, Jaap Heuvel, Soren Bisgaard, and Ronald JMM Does. 2006. Lean Six Sigma in healthcare. Journal for Healthcare Quality 28, no. 2:4–11.
   Google Scholar
• DelliFraine, Jami L., James R. Langabeer, and Ingrid M. Nembhard. 2010. Assessing the evidence of Six Sigma and lean in the health care industry. Quality Management in Health Care 19, no. 3: 211–225.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• DelliFraine, Jami L., Zheng Wang, Deirdre McCaughey, James R. Langabeer, and Cathleen O. Erwin. 2013. The use of Six Sigma in health care management: Are we using it to its full potential. Quality Management Health Care 22, no. 3:210–223.
   Google Scholar
• Dickson, Eric W., Sabi Singh, Dickson S. Cheung, Christopher C. Wyatt, and Andrew S. Nugent. 2009a. Application of lean manufacturing techniques in the emergency department. The Journal of Emergency Medicine 37, no. 2:177–182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dickson, Eric W., Zlatko Anguelov, Diana Vetterick, Andrew Eller, and Sabi Singh. 2009b. Use of lean in the emergency department: A case series of 4 hospitals. Annals of Emergency Medicine 54, no. 4:504–510.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Douglas, Thomas J., and Lawrence D. Fredendall. 2004. Evaluating the Deming management model of total quality in services. Decision Sciences 35, no. 3:393–422.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Easton, George S., and Eve D. Rosenzweig. 2012. The role of experience in Six Sigma project success: An empirical analysis of improvement projects. Journal of Operations Management 30:481–493.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans, J. R., and W. M. Lindsay. 2014. Managing for quality and performance excellence. Mason: Cengage Learning.
   Google Scholar
• Fairbanks, Catherine B. 2007. Using Six Sigma and lean methodologies to improve OR throughput. AORN Journal 86, no. 1:73–82.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Field, Joy M., Janelle Heineke, James R. Langabeer, and Jami L. DelliFraine. 2014. Building the case for quality improvement in the health care industry: A focus on goals and training. Quality Management in Healthcare 23, no. 3:138–154.
   Google Scholar
• Flynn, Barbara B., Sadao Sakakibara, Roger G. Schroeder, Kimberly A. Bates, and E. James Flynn. 1990. Empirical research methods in operations management. Journal of Operations Management 9, no. 2:250–284.
   Google Scholar
• Fornell, Claes, and David F. Larcker. 1981. Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research 18, no. 1:39–50.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fullerton, Rosemary R., and William F. Wempe. 2009. Lean manufacturing, non-financial performance measures, and financial performance. International Journal of Operations & Production Management 29, no. 3:214–240.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• George, Michael. 2002. Lean six sigma: Combining Six Sigma quality with lean production speed. New York: McGraw-Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Goldstein, Susan Meyer, and Albena R. Iossifova. 2012. Ten years after: Interference of hospital slack in process performance benefits of quality practices. Journal of Operations Management 30, no. 1:44–54.
   Google Scholar
• Gowen III, C. R., G. N. Stock, and K. L. McFadden. 2008. Simultaneous implementation of Six Sigma and knowledge management in hospitals. International Journal of Production Research 46:6781–6795.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graban, M. 2011. Lean hospitals: Improving quality, patient safety, and employee satisfaction. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hahn, Gerald J., Necip Doganaksoy, and Roger Hoerl. 2000. The evolution of Six Sigma. Quality Engineering 12, no. 3:317–326.
   Google Scholar
• Harrigan, Sherry, Debra Hurst, Claire Lee, Vickie Christie, R. Brian Wolfe, Daryl Morrical, and Ruth Kleinpell. 2006. Developing and implementing quality initiatives in the ICU: Strategies and outcomes. Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America 18, no. 4:469–479.
   Google Scholar
• Holden, Richard J. 2011. Lean thinking in emergency departments: A critical review. Annals of Emergency Medicine 57, no. 3:265–278.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong, Paul, Mark A. Vonderembse, William J. Doll, and Abraham Y. Nahm. 2005. Role change of design engineers in product development. Journal of Operations Management 24, no. 1:63–79.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ieraci, Susan, Erol Digiusto, Paul Sonntag, Linda Dann, and Debra Fox. 2008. Streaming by case complexity: Evaluation of a model for emergency department fast track. Emergency Medicine Australasia 20, no. 3:241–249.
   Google Scholar
• James, John T. 2013. A new evidence-based estimate of patient harms associated with hospital care. Journal of Patient Safety 9, no. 3:122–126.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeffries, Howard E., Wilbert Mason, Melanie Brewer, Katie L. Oakes, Esther I. Mufioz, Wendi Gornick, Lee D. Flowers, J. E. Mullen, C. H. Gilliam, S. Fustar, C. W. Thurm, T. Logsdon, and W. R. Jarvis. 2009. Prevention of central venous catheter-associated bloodstream infections in pediatric intensive care units: A performance improvement collaborative. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 30, no. 7:645–651.
   Google Scholar
• Joosten, Tom, Inge Bongers, and Richard Janssen. 2009. Application of lean thinking to health care: Issues and observations. International Journal for Quality in Health Care 21, no. 5:341–347.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kassirer, Jerome P. 1998. Doctor discontent. New England Journal of Medicine 339, no. 21:1543–1545.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly, Anne-Maree, Michael Bryant, Lisa Cox, and Damien Jolley. 2007. Improving emergency department efficiency by patient streaming to outcomes-based teams. Australian Health Review 31, no. 1:16–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King, Diane L., David I. Ben-Tovim, and Jane Bassham. 2006. Redesigning emergency department patient flows: Application of lean thinking to health care. Emergency Medicine Australasia 18, no. 4:391–397.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Krimsky, W. S., I. B. Mroz, J. K. McIlwaine, S. D. Surgenor, D. Christian, H. L. Corwin, D. Houston, C. Robison, and N. Malayaman. 2009. A model for increasing patient safety in the intensive care unit: Increasing the implementation rates of proven safety measures. Quality and Safety in Health Care 18, no. 1:74–80.
   Google Scholar
• Kohn, L. T., J. M. Corrigan, and M. S. Donaldson, eds. 2000. To err is human: Building a safer health system 6. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
   Google Scholar
• Langabeer, James R., Jami L. DelliFraine, Janelle Heineke, and Ibrahim Abbass. 2009. Implementation of lean and Six Sigma quality initiatives in hospitals: A goal theoretic perspective. Operations Management Research 2, no. 1–4: 13–27.
   Google Scholar
• Latham, Gary P., and Edwin A. Locke. 2006. Enhancing the benefits and overcoming the pitfalls of goal setting. Organizational Dynamics 35, no. 4:332–340.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, Cynthia, Philip Bobko, P. Christopher Earley, and Edwin A. Locke. 1991. An empirical analysis of a goal setting questionnaire. Journal of Organizational Behavior 12, no. 6:467–482.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linderman, Kevin, Roger G. Schroeder, Srilata Zaheer, and Adrian S. Choo. 2003. Six Sigma: A goal-theoretic perspective. Journal of Operations Management 21:193–203.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linderman, Kevin, Roger G. Schroeder, and Adrian S. Choo. 2006. Six Sigma: The role of goals in improvement teams. Journal of Operations Management 24, no. 6:779–790.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linderman, Kevin, Roger G. Schroeder, Srilata Zaheer, Charles Liedtke, and Adrian S. Choo. 2004. Integrating quality management practices with knowledge creation processes. Journal of Operations Management 22, no. 6:589–607.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Locke, E. A., and G. P. Latham. 1984. Goal setting: A motivational technique that works! Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Locke, E. A., and G. P. Latham. 1990. A theory of goal setting and task performance. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Locke, E. A., and G. P. Latham. 2002. Building a practically useful theory of goal setting and task motivation: A 35-year odyssey. American Psychologist 57, no. 9:705–717.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lorden, A. L., Y. Zhang, S. H. Lin, and M. J. Cote. 2014. Measures of success: The role of human factors in lean implementation in healthcare. Quality Management Journal 21, no. 3:26–37.
   Google Scholar
• Mazzocato, Pamela, Carl Savage, Mats Brommels, Hakan Aronsson, and Johan Thor. 2010. Lean thinking in healthcare: A realist review of the literature. Quality and Safety in Health Care 19, no. 5:376–382.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marsteller, Jill A., Christine G. Holzmueller, Martin Makary, J. Bryan Sexton, David A. Thompson, Lisa H. Lubomski, and Peter J. Pronovost. 2008. Developing process-support tools for patient safety: Finding the balance between validity and feasibility. The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety 34, no. 10:604–607.
   Google Scholar
• McCallion, Gillian, J. Colin Glass, Robert Jackson, Christine A. Kerr, and Donal G. McKillop. 2000. Investigating productivity change and hospital size: A nonparametric frontier approach. Applied Economics 32, no. 2:161–174.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McFadden, Kathleen L., Gregory N. Stock, and Charles R. Gowen III. 2006. Implementation of patient safety initiatives in U.S. hospitals. International Journal of Operations and Production Management 26:326–347.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McFadden, Kathleen L., Gregory N. Stock, Charles R. Gowen, and Patricia Cook. 2006. Exploring strategies for reducing hospital errors. Journal of Healthcare Management 51:123–135.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McFadden, Kathleen L., Jung Young Lee, Charles R. Gowen III, and Barton M. Sharp. 2014. Linking quality practices to knowledge management capabilities in healthcare. Quality Management Journal 21, no. 1:42–57.
   Google Scholar
• McFadden, Kathleen L., Gregory N. Stock, and Charles R. Gowen III. 2015. Leadership, safety climate, and continuous quality improvement: Impact on process quality and patient safety. Health Care Management Review 40, no. 1:24–34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Narasimhan, Ram, A. Das, and T. Srinivas. 2006. Supplier integration—finding an optimal configuration. Journal of Operations Management 24, no. 5:563–582.
   Google Scholar
• Nelson-Peterson, Dana L., and Carol J. Leppa. 2007. Creating an environment for caring using lean principles of the Virginia mason production system. Journal of Nursing Administration 37 no. 6:287–294.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nunnally, J. C., and I. H. Bernstein. 1994. Psychometric theory. New York: McGraw Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Pepper, M. P. J., and T. A. Spedding. 2010. The evolution of Lean Six Sigma. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management 27, no. 2:138–155.
   Google Scholar
• Phipps, Lorri M., and Neal J. Thomas. 2007. The use of a daily goals sheet to improve communication in the pediatric intensive care unit. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing 23, no. 5:264–271.
   Google Scholar
• Podsakoff, Philip M., Scott B. MacKenzie, Jeong-Yeon Lee, and Nathan P. Podsakoff. 2003. Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology 88, no. 5:879–903.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pronovost, Peter, Sean Berenholtz, Todd Dorman, Pam A. Lipsett, Terri Simmonds, and Carol Haraden. 2003. Improving communication in the ICU using daily goals. Journal of Critical Care 18, no. 2:71–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pronovost, P., and Vohr, E. 2010. Safe patients, smart hospitals: How one doctor's checklist can help us change health care from the inside out. London: Penguin.
   Google Scholar
• Protzman, C., G. Mayzell, and J. Kerpchar. 2010. Leveraging lean in healthcare: Transforming your enterprise into a high quality patient care delivery system. New York: Productivity Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rauniar, Rupak, William Doll, Greg Rawski, and Paul Hong. 2008. The role of heavyweight product manager in new product development. International Journal of Operations and Production Management 28, no. 2:130–154.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Resar, Roger, Peter Pronovost, Carol Haraden, Terri Simmonds, Thomas Rainey, and Thomas Nolan. 2005. Using a bundle approach to improve ventilator care processes and reduce ventilator-associated pneumonia. Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety 31, no. 5:243–248.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schweikhart, Sharon A., and Allard E. Dembe. 2009. The applicability of lean and Six Sigma techniques to clinical and translational research. Journal of Investigative Medicine 57, no. 7:748–755.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schroeder, Roger G., Kevin Linderman, Charles Liedtke, and Adrian S. Choo. 2008. Six Sigma: Definition and underlying theory. Journal of Operations Management 26, no. 4:536–554.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah, Rachna, and Peter T. Ward. 2007. Defining and developing measures of lean production. Journal of Operations Management 25, no. 4:785–805.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah, R., A. Chandrasekaran, and K. Linderman. 2008. In pursuit of implementation patterns: The context of lean and Six Sigma. International Journal of Production Research 46, no. 23:6679–6699.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shrout, Patrick E., and Niall Bolger. 2002. Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: New procedures and recommendations. Psychological Methods 7, no. 4:422.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegele, Peggy. 2009. Enhancing outcomes in a surgical intensive care unit by implementing daily goals tools. Critical Care Nurse 29, no. 6:58–70.
   Google Scholar
• Spear, Steven, and H. Kent Bowen. 1999. Decoding the DNA of the Toyota Production System. Harvard Business Review 77, no. 5:97–106.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stock, Gregory N., Kathleen L. McFadden, and Charles R. Gowen. 2007. Organizational culture, critical success factors, and the reduction of hospital errors. International Journal of Production Economics 106:368–392.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Staats, Bradley R., David James Brunner, and David M. Upton. 2011. Lean principles, learning, and knowledge work: Evidence from a software services provider. Journal of Operations Management 29, no. 5:376–390.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sweller, John, and Marvin Levine. 1982. Effects of goal specificity on means–ends analysis and learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 8, no. 5:463.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teece, David J., Gary Pisano, and Amy Shuen. 1997. Dynamic capabilities and strategic management. Strategic Management Journal 18, no. 7:509–533.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tubbs, Mark E. 1986. Goal setting: A meta-analytic examination of the empirical evidence. Journal of Applied Psychology 71, no. 3:474–483.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Den Bos, Jill, Karan Rustagi, Travis Gray, Michael Halford, Eva Ziemkiewicz, and Jonathan Shreve. 2011. The #17.1 billion problem: The annual cost of measurable medical errors. Health Affairs 30, no. 4:596–603.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winters, Bradford, and Todd Dorman. 2006. Patient-safety and quality initiatives in the intensive care unit. Current Opinion in Anesthesiology 19, no. 2:140–145.
   Google Scholar
• Winters, Bradford D., Ayse P. Gurses, Harold Lehmann, J. Bryan Sexton, Carlyle Jai Rampersad, and Peter J. Pronovost. 2009. Clinical review: Checklists – translating evidence into practice. Critical Care 13, no. 6:210–218.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, Xinshu, John G. Lynch, and Qimei Chen. 2010. Reconsidering Baron and Kenny: Myths and truths about mediation analysis. Journal of Consumer Research 37, no. 2:197–206.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zollo, Maurizio, and Sidney G. Winter. 2002. Deliberate learning and the evolution of dynamic capabilities. Organization Science 13, no. 3:339–351.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zu, Xingxing, Lawrence D. Fredendall, and Thomas J. Douglas. 2008. The evolving theory of quality management: The role of Six Sigma. Journal of Operations Management 26:630–650.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar