‘Civilising’ the Roma? The depoliticisation of (anti-)racism within the politics of integration

References

• Ahmed, S. 2012. On Being Included. Racism and Diversity in Institutional Life. Durham: Duke University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Amin, A. 2010. “The Remainders of Race.” Theory, Culture & Society 27 (1): 1–23. doi:10.1177/0263276409350361.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amin, A. 2013. “Land of Strangers.” Identities: Global Studies in Culture and Power 20 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1080/1070289X.2012.732544.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bastos, J. P. 2007. “Que Futuro Tem Portugal Para Os Portugueses Ciganos?” In Ciganos e Cidadania(s), edited by M. Montenegro, 61–96. Setúbal: Instituto das Comunidades Educativas.
   Google Scholar
• Bastos, J. P., A. C. Correia, and E. Rodrigues. 2007. Sintrenses Ciganos: Uma Abordagem Estrutural – Dinâmica. Sintra: Câmara Municipal de Sintra/ACIDI.
   Google Scholar
• Bell, M. 2005. “ Combating Racial Discrimination through the European Employment Strategy.” Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal studies 2003–2004. Accessed April 20, 2012. http://www.eucenter.wisc.edu/OMC/Papers/EES/bell.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Brown, W. 2006. Regulating Aversion. Tolerance in the Age of Identity and Empire. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Carmichael, S., and C. V. Hamilton. [1967] 1969. Black Power. The Politics of Liberation in America. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.
   Google Scholar
• Castro, A., M. Santos, and S. Knapic. 2010. Projecto Mediadores Municipais. Relatório Final De Avaliação. Lisbon: CET-ISCTE/IUL.
   Google Scholar
• Donovan, B. M. 1992. “Changing Perceptions of Social Deviance: Gypsies in Early Modern Portugal and Brazil.” Journal of Social History 26 (1): 33–53.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EC. 2004. The Situation of Roma in an Enlarged Europe. Luxemburg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
   Google Scholar
• EC. 2008. EQUAL Opportunities for All. Delivering the Lisbon Strategy through Social Innovation and Transnational Cooperation. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
   Google Scholar
• ECRI. 2011. Recommendation No. 13 on Combating Anti-Gypsyism and Discrimination against Roma. Adopted on 24 June. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.
   Google Scholar
• Essed, P. 1991. Understanding Everyday Racism. An Interdisciplinary Theory. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Essed, P., and K. Nimako. 2006. “Designs and (Co)Incidents: Cultures of Scholarship and Public Policy on Immigrants/Minorities in the Netherlands.” International Journal of Comparative Sociology 47 (3–4): 281–312. doi:10.1177/0020715206065784.
   Google Scholar
• EUMC. 1998. Looking Reality in the Face. The Situation Regarding Racism and Xenophobia in the EC. (Annual Report), Part II. Vienna: EUMC.
   Google Scholar
• European Union Minorities and Discrimination Survey (EU-MIDIS). 2009. Main Results Report. Vienna: FRA.
   Google Scholar
• Farmhouse, R. 2010. “Ventos De Mudança.” B-I Acidi 81 (June): 2.
   Google Scholar
• Focus Social. 2012. “Revista de Economia Social.” Focus Social, March 9.
   Google Scholar
• Flyvbjerg, B. 1998. Rationality & Power. Democracy in Practice. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• FRA (EU Fundamental Rights Agency). 2010. The Impact of the Racial Equality Directive Views of Trade Unions and Employers in the European Union. Vienna: FRA.
   Google Scholar
• Gay y Blasco, P. 2003. “ ‘This is Not a Place for Civilised People’: Isolation, Enforced Education and Resistance among Spanish Gypsies.” In Isolation: Places and Practices of Exclusion, edited by A. Bashford and C. Strange, 197–209. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Goldberg, D. T. 1990. “Racism and Rationality: The Need for a New Critique.” Philosophy of the Social Sciences 20 (3): 317–350. doi:10.1177/004839319002000303.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldberg, D. T. 1992. “Introduction.” In Anatomy of Racism, edited by D. T. Goldberg, xi–xxiii. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
   Google Scholar
• Goldberg, D. T. 2009. The Threat of Race, Reflections on Racial Neoliberalism. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Goodwin, M. 2009. “Multi-Dimensional Exclusion: Viewing Romani Marginalization through the Nexus of Race and Poverty.” In European Union Non-Discrimination Law. Comparative Perspectives on Multi-Dimensional Equality Law, edited by D. Schiek and V. Chege, London: Routledge. Accessed July 10, 2012. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1623166
   Google Scholar
• Gordon, L. 1999. Bad Faith and Antiblack Racism. Amherst, NY: Humanity Books.
   Google Scholar
• Government of Portugal. 2007. “Comments of the Government of the Portugal on the First Opinion of the Advisory Committee on the Implementation of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities by Portugal.” Accessed November 10, 2010. http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/monitoring/minorities/3_fcnmdocs/PDF_1st_Com_Portugal_en.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Government of Portugal. 2010. “ Comments of the Government of the Portugal on the Second Opinion of the Advisory Committee on the Implementation of the Framework Convention for the Protection of the National Minorities by Portugal.” Accessed September 14, 2011. www.coe.int/t/dghl/monitoring/minorities/3_FCNMdocs/PDF_2nd_Com_Portugal_en.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Henriques, J. [1984] 1998. “Social Psychology and the Politics of Racism.” In Changing the Subject, Psychology, Social Regulation and Subjectivity, edited by J. Henriques, W. Hollway, C. Urwin, and C. Venn, 60–90. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Hesse, B. 2004a. “Im/Plausible Deniability: Racism’s Conceptual Double Bind.” Social Identities 10 (1): 9–29. doi:10.1080/1350463042000190976.
   Google Scholar
• Hesse, B. 2004b. “Discourse on Institutional Racism: The Genealogy of a Concept.” In Institutional Racism in Higher Education, edited by I. Law, D. Phillips, and L. Turney, 131–147. Staffordshire: Trentham Books.
   Google Scholar
• Law, I. and S. Sayyid. 2007. “Racist Futures: Themes and Prospects.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 30 (4): 527–533. doi:10.1080/01419870701355942.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lentin, A. 2008. “Europe and the Silence about Race.” European Journal of Social Theory 11 (4): 487–503. doi:10.1177/1368431008097008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lentin, A. and G. Titley. 2011. The Crisis of Multiculturalism. Racism in a Neoliberal Age. London: Zed Books.
   Google Scholar
• Mendes, C. 2009. “População Cigana e UNIVA de Coimbra – Salto Para o Futuro. Conhecer Para Intervir. Intervir Para Inserir.” In Metodologias De Intervenção e Formação Com a População Cigana; Projecto EQUAL ‘Coimbra: Cidade De Todos’, edited by R. Santos, 16–19. Coimbra: EU-EQUAL/MTSS.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Labour and Social Solidarity (MTSS). 2008. Plano Nacional De Acção Para a Inclusão Social. PNAI 2008-2010. Lisbon: MTSS.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Labour and Solidarity (MTS). 2001. Plano Nacional De Emprego 2001. Lisbon: MTSS.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Social Security and Labour (MSST). 2003. Plano Nacional De Acção Para a Inclusão Social. PNAI 2003-2005. Lisbon: Instituto da Segurança Social.
   Google Scholar
• Motomoura, A. 2003. “Gypsy Legislation in Spain, 1499-1783.” The Concord Review, 142–162. Accessed July 26, 2012. http://www.tcr.org/tcr/essays/EPrize_Gypsies.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Oliveira, A. and C. Galego. 2005. A Mediação Sócio-Cultural. Um Puzzle Em Construção. Observatório de Imigração, 14. Lisbon: ACIME.
   Google Scholar
• O’Nions, H. 2010. “Divide and Teach: Educational Inequality and the Roma.” The International Journal of Human Rights 14 (3): 464–489. doi:10.1080/13642980802704304.
   Google Scholar
• Orlowski, P. 2011. Teaching about Hegemony: Race, Class & Democracy in the 21st Century. New York: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Phillips, C. 2011. “Institutional Racism and Ethnic Inequalities: An Expanded Multilevel Framework.” Journal of Social Policy 40 (1): 173–192. doi:10.1017/S0047279410000565.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips, D. 2010. “Minority Ethnic Segregation, Integration and Citizenship: A European Perspective.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 36 (2): 209–225. doi:10.1080/13691830903387337.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ram, M. H. 2010. “Interests, Norms and Advocacy: Explaining the Emergence of the Roma onto the Eu’s Agenda.” Ethnopolitics 9 (2): 197–217. doi:10.1080/17449050903117222.
   Google Scholar
• Resolution of the Council of Ministers. 2013. “ No. 25/2013, 17 of April.” In Official Journal of the Republic No. 75, Series I. Presidency of the Council of Ministers, Lisbon.
   Google Scholar
• Sá, C., C. Nobre, I. Mendes, M. Veríssimo, M. Santos, and S. Rolo. 2007. Modelo Integrado de Actuação com a População Cigana. Metodologias e Estratégias. Coimbra: EQUAL-MTSS.
   Google Scholar
• Sayyid, S. 2004. “Slippery People: The Immigrant Imaginary and the Grammar of Colours.” In Institutional Racism in Higher Education, edited by I. Law, D. Phillips, and L. Turney, 149–159. Staffordshire: Trentham Books.
   Google Scholar
• Sigona, N., and N. Trehan, eds. 2009. Romani Politics in Contemporary Europe: Poverty, Ethnic Mobilization, and the Neoliberal Order. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Templer, B. 2006. “ Neoliberal Strategies to Defuse a Powder Keg in Europe: The ‘Decade of Roma Inclusion’ and its Rationale.” Europaisches Zentrum Fur Antiziganismusforschung. Accessed April 24, 2012. http://www.ezaf.org/down/IIIAZK25.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Vermeersch, P. 2012. “Reframing the Roma: EU Initiatives and the Politics of Reinterpretation.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 38 (8): 1195–1212. doi:10.1080/1369183X.2012.689175.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vermeersch, P. 2013. “The European Union and the Roma: An Analysis of Recent Institutional and Policy Developments.” European Yearbook of Minority Issues 9: 341–358.
   Google Scholar
• Working Group on Equality and Insertion of the Roma. 1998. Report. Braga: Governo Civil.
   Google Scholar