Black in the city: on the ruse of ethnicity and language in an antiblack landscape

References

• Affan, S. 2013. “Ethical Gestures: Articulations of Black Life in Montreal’s 1960s.” Mas- ter’s thesis, Concordia University.
   Google Scholar
• Amparo Alves, J. 2018. The Anti-Black City: Police Terror and Black Urban Life in Brazil. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, K. J. 1991. Vancouver’s Chinatown: Racial Discourse in Canada, 1875–1980. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Batraville, N. Forthcoming. Haiti’s White Saviors.
   Google Scholar
• Beckford-Foster, S. 2008. “‘A Geography of the Mind:’ Black Canadian Women Writers as Cartographers of the Canadian Geographic Imagination.” Journal of Black Studies 38: 461–483. doi:10.1177/0021934707309133.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertley, L. W. 1980. “The Universal Negro Improvement Association of Montreal, 1917− 1979.” PhD diss., Concordia University.
   Google Scholar
• Chatelain, M. 2015. South Side Girls: Growing up in the Great Migration. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Costa Vargas, J. H. 2010. Never Meant to Survive: Genocide and Utopias in Black Diaspora Communities. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
   Google Scholar
• Cox, A. M. 2015. Shapeshifters: Black Girls and the Choreography of Citizenship. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Davis, A. A. 2017. “‘The Real Toronto’: Black Youth Experiences and the Narration of the Multicultural City.” Journal of Canadian Studies 51 (3): 725–748. doi:10.3138/jcs.2017-0039.r1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flynn, K. 2011. Moving beyond Borders: A History of Black Canadian and Caribbean Women in the Diaspora. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gay, D. 1983. Les éLites Québécoises et L'amérique Latine. Montréal: Nouvelles Optiques.
   Google Scholar
• Gay, D. 2004. Les Noirs du Québec: 1629−1900. Quebec: Septentrion.
   Google Scholar
• Hartman, S. 2007. Lose Your Mother: A Journey along the Atlantic Slave Route. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
   Google Scholar
• Isoke, Z. 2013. Urban Black Women and the Politics of Resistance. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Jean-Baptiste, J. 1979. Haitians in Canada: Ayisyin nan Kanada. Hull, QC: Canadian Government Publishing Centre.
   Google Scholar
• Kelley, R. D. G. 2002. Freedom Dreams: The Black Radical Imagination. Boston: Beacon Press.
   Google Scholar
• King, T. L. 2013. “In the Clearing: Black Female Bodies, Space and Settler Colonial Landscapes.” PhD diss., University of Maryland.
   Google Scholar
• Kobayashi, A., and L. Peake. 1994. “Unnatural Discourse: ‘Race’ and Gender in Geography.” Gender, Place and Culture: A Journal of Feminist Geography 1 (2): 225–243. doi:10.1080/09663699408721211.
   Google Scholar
• Laperrière, A. 1990. “Rapport à la différence et projet de société chez les adolescent(e)s québécois-français, italiens et haïtiens d’un quartier montréalais.” In Les étrangers dans la ville, edited by I. Simon-Barouh, and P. J. Simon, 356−64. Paris: L’Harmattan.
   Google Scholar
• Leroux, D. 2012. “Debating Quebec’s Interculturalism as a Response to Canada’s Multiculturalism: An Exercise in Normative Nationalisms?” Canadian Diversity/Diversité Canadienne 9 (2): 67–71.
   Google Scholar
• Leroux, D. 2014. “Entrenching Euro-Settlerism: Multiculturalism and the Politics of Nationalism in Quebec.” Canadian Ethnic Studies/Études ethniques au Canada 46 (2): 117–124.
   Google Scholar
• Leu, L. 2008. “Spaces of Remembrance and Representation in the City: José Padilha’s Bus 174.” Luso-Brazilian Review 45 (2): 177−89. doi:10.1353/lbr.0.0044.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levine, M. 1991. The Reconquest of Montreal: Language Policy and Social Change in a Bilingual City. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ligue Anti-fasciste Mondiale (LAM). 1992. Malcolm X: le mouvement chez les jeunes noirs. Montreal: Ligue antifascistemondiale.
   Google Scholar
• McAndrew, M., and M. Potvin. 1996. Le racisme au Québec: éléments d’un diagnostic. Rapport final. Montreal: Le Ministère des affaires internationales, de l’immigration et des communautés culturelles.
   Google Scholar
• McCutcheon, P. 2013. “‘Returning Home to Our Rightful Place:’ the Nation of Islam and Muhammad Farms.” Geoforum; Journal of Physical, Human, and Regional Geosciences 49: 61–70. doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2013.05.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGill Consortium for Ethnicity and Strategic Social Planning (MCESSP). 2001. The Evolution of the Black Community of Montreal: Change and Challenge. Montreal: Montreal Black Communities Demographics Project.
   Google Scholar
• McKittrick, K. 2006. Demonic Grounds: Black Women and the Cartographies of Struggle. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
   Google Scholar
• McKittrick, K. 2007. “Freedom Is a Secret: The Future Usability of the Underground.” In Black Geographies and the Politics of Place, edited by K. McKittrick, and C. Woods, 97–111. Toronto: Between the Lines Press.
   Google Scholar
• McKittrick, K., ed. 2015. Sylvia Wynter: On Being Human as Praxis. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ministère de l’Immigration, de la Diversité et de l’Inclusion (MIDI). 2011. “Portrait statistique de la population d’origine ethnique haïtienne au Québec en 2011.” Gouvernement du Québec. http://www.quebecinterculturel.gouv.qc.ca/publications/fr/diversite-ethnoculturelle/com-haitienne-2011.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Montreal Consortium for Human Rights Advocacy Training (MCHRAT). 2010. Demographic Challenges Facing the Black Community of Montreal in the 21st Century. Montreal: Montreal Black Communities Demographics Project.
   Google Scholar
• Morin, F. 1993. “Entre visibilité et invisibilité: Les aléas identitaires des Haïtiens de New York et de Montréal.” Revue européenne des migrations internationales 9 (3): 147−176. doi:10.3406/remi.1993.1373.
   Google Scholar
• Parizeau, J. 1997. Pour un Québec souverain. Montreal: VLB Éditeur.
   Google Scholar
• Pierre, J. 2002. “Interrogating ‘Blackness:’ Race and Identity-Formation in the African Diaspora.” Transforming Anthropology 11 (1): 51−53.
   Google Scholar
• Pierre, J. 2004. “Black Immigrants in the United States and the ‘Cultural Narratives’ of Ethnicity.” Identities: Global Studies in Culture and Power 11 (2): 141−170. doi:10.1080/10702890490451929.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Potvin, M. 1999. “Second-Generation Haitian Youth in Québec. Between the ‘Real’ Community and the ‘Represented’ Community.” Canadian Ethnic Studies/Études ethniques au Canada 31 (1): 43−64.
   Google Scholar
• Potvin, M. 2007a. “La réciprocité des regards entre deux générations d’origine haïtienne au Québec.” Migrations Sociétés 19 (113): 1−39.
   Google Scholar
• Potvin, M. 2007b. “Blackness, haïtianité et québécitude: Modalités de participation et d’appartenance chez la deuxième génération d’origine haïtienne au Québec.” In La deuxième génération issue de l’immigration. Une comparaison France-Québec, edited by M. Potvin, P. Eid, and N. Venel, 137−70. Montreal: Athéna Éditions.
   Google Scholar
• Pulido, L. 2002. “Reflections on a White Discipline.” The Professional Geographer 54 (1): 42–49. doi:10.1111/0033-0124.00313.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruggles, C. 1996. Outsider Blues: A Voice from the Shadows. Halifax, NS: Fernwood.
   Google Scholar
• Rutland, T. Forthcoming. Remaking Dispossession: Black Resistance, White Backlash, and the War on Gangs in Montreal. Book draft available from author.
   Google Scholar
• Sanders, G. L. 2013. “La Voix Des Femmes: Haitian Women’s Rights, National Politics and Black Activism in Port-au-Prince and Montreal, 1934−1986.” PhD diss., University of Michigan.
   Google Scholar
• Sexton, J. 2010. “People-Of-Color-Blindness: Notes on the Afterlife of Slavery.” Social Text 28 (2): 31−56. doi:10.1215/01642472-2009-066.
   Google Scholar
• Sexton, J. 2014. “The Vel of Slavery: Tracking the Figure of the Unsovereign.” Critical Sociology 42 (4–5): 583–597. doi:10.1177/0896920514552535.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shabazz, R. 2015. Spatializing Blackness: Architectures of Confinement and Black Mas- Culinity in Chicago. Chicago: University of Illinois Press.
   Google Scholar
• Simmons, L. M. 2015. Crescent City Girls: The Lives of Young Black Women in Segregated New Orleans. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
   Google Scholar
• Small, C. 2000. “Nationalism and Difference in the Cosmopolitan City of Montreal.” Geography Research Forum 20: 70–85.
   Google Scholar
• Walcott, R. 2004. “‘A Tough Geography:’ Towards a Poetics of Black Space(S) in Canada.” In Un-Homely States: Theorizing English-Canadian Postcolonialism, edited by C. Sugars, 277−88. Peterborough, ON: Broadview Press.
   Google Scholar
• Walcott, R. 2008. “Canada and the African Diaspora.” In Encyclopedia of the African Diaspora: Origins, Experiences, and Culture, edited by C. B. Davies, 247−56. Vol. 1. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC Clio.
   Google Scholar
• Wilderson, F. B. 2010. Red, White & Black: Cinema and the Structure of US Antagonisms. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Williams, D. 1989. Blacks in Montreal, 1628–1986: An Urban Demography. Cowansville, QC: Éditions Yvon Blais.
   Google Scholar
• Williams, D. 1998. The Road to Now: A History of Blacks in Montreal. Montreal: Vehicule Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson, B. M. 1990. “The Black Orientation: A Basic for Environmental Planning and Designing in the Black Community.” Journal of Black Studies 21 (1): 23–39. doi:10.1177/002193479002100104.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson-Gilmore, R. 2002. “Fatal Couplings of Power and Difference: Notes on Racism and Geography.” The Professional Geographer 54 (1): 15–24. doi:10.1111/0033-0124.00310.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson-Gilmore, R. 2007. Golden Gulag: Prisons, Surplus, Crisis, and Opposition in Globalizing California. Berkeley: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Woods, C. 1998. Development Arrested: The Blues and Plantation Power in the Mississippi Delta. New York: Verso.
   Google Scholar
• Zoltvany, Y. F. 2003a. “RIGAUD DE VAUDREUIL, PHILIPPE DE, Marquis de Vaudreuil.” In Dictionnaire biographique du Canada. 2 vols. Université Laval/University of Toronto. http://www.biographi.ca/fr/bio/rigaud_de_vaudreuil_philippe_de_2F.html
   Google Scholar
• Zoltvany, Y. F. 2003b. “Bégon De La Picardière, Michel.” In Dictionnaire biographique du Canada. 3 vols. Université Laval/University of Toronto. http://www.biographi.ca/fr/bio/begon_de_la_picardiere_michel_3F.html
   Google Scholar