“Never Knew Literacy Could Get at My Soul”: On How Words Matter for Youth, or Notes Toward Decolonizing Literacy

REFERENCES

• Alexander , J. ( 2005 ). Pedagogies of Crossing: Meditations on Feminism, Sexual Politics, Memory, and the Sacred . Durham , NC : Duke University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Anzaldúa , G. and Moraga , C. (Eds.) ( 1983 ). This Bridge Called My Back: Writings by Radical Women of Color ( , 2nd ed. ). New York , NY : Kitchen Table Women of Color Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ayers , R. , Hodge , C. , and Casal , R. (2010). Refusing To Submit: Youth Poetry Activism in High School. In J. Sandlin , B. Schultz , & J. Burdick (Eds.), Handbook of Public Pedagogy: Education and Learning Beyond Schooling (pp. 381–394). New York , NY : Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Barton , D. and Hamilton , M. ( 2000 ). Literacy Practices . In D. Barton , M. Hamilton & R. Ivanic (Eds.), Situated Literacies: Reading and Writing in Context (pp. 7 – 15 ). London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Brandt , D. ( 1998 ). Sponsors of Literacy . College Composition and Communication , 49 , 165 – 185 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butler , J. ( 1999 ). Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity . New York , NY : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . ( 2009 ). Youth Violence: National Homicide Statistics. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/ViolencePrevention/youthviolence/stats_at-a_glance/homicide.html
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . ( 2010 ). Youth Violence: Facts at a Glance. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/ViolencePrevention/pdf/YV-DataSheet-a.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Chang , J. ( 2006 ). Can't Stop, Won't Stop: A History of the Hip-Hop Generation . New York , NY : Picador .
   Google Scholar
• Crenshaw , K. ( 1991 ). Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence Against Women of Color . Stanford Law Review , 43 , 1241 – 1279 .
   Google Scholar
• Duncan-Andrade , J. ( 2006 ). Urban Youth, Media Literacy, and Increased Critical Civic Participation . In S. Ginwright , P. Noguera , & J. Cammarota (Eds.), Beyond Resistance! Youth Activism and Community Change (pp. 149 – 169 ). New York , NY : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Freire , Paulo. ( 1996 ). Pedagogy of the Oppressed (Myra Bergman Ramos, Trans.) . New York , NY : Continuum .
   Google Scholar
• Freire , P. and Macedo , D. ( 1987 ). Literacy: Reading the Word & the World . South Hadley , MA : Bergin & Garvey Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Gee , J. ( 1996 ). Social Linguistics and Literacies: Ideology in Discourses . London , UK : Falmer .
   Google Scholar
• Giroux , H. ( 1987 ). Introduction: Literacy and the Pedagogy of Political Empowerment . In P. Freire & D. Macedo (Eds.), Literacy: Reading the Word & the World (pp. 1 – 27 ). South Hadley , MA : Bergin & Garvey Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Gordon , A. ( 1997 ). Ghostly Matters: Haunting and the Sociological Imagination . Minneapolis , MN : University of Minnesota Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hall , S. ( 1996 ). The Problem of Ideology: Marxism Without Guarantees . In D. Morley & K.-H. Chen (Eds.), Stuart Hall: Critical Dialogues in Cultural Studies (pp. 25 – 46 ). London , UK : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Haas Dyson , A. ( 2003 ). The Brothers and Sisters Learn to Write: Popular Literacies in Childhood and School Cultures . New York , NY : Teachers College Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hernandez-Zamora , G. ( 2010 ). Decolonizing Literacy: Mexican Lives in the Era of Global Capitalism . Bristol , UK : Multilingual Matters .
   Google Scholar
• hooks , b. ( 1994 ). Teaching to Transgress: Education as the Practice of Freedom . New York , NY : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Imani , J. ( 2010 ). A New Definition of Justice for Oscar Grant. Change.org News . Retrieved from http://news.change.org/stories/a-new-definition-of-justice-for-oscar-grant
   Google Scholar
• Jackson , J. ( 2001 ). Harlemworld: Doing Race and Class in Contemporary Black America . Chicago , IL : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Jocson , K. ( 2006 ). “The Best of Both Worlds”: Youth Poetry as Social Critique and Form of Empowerment . In S. Ginwright , P. Noguera , & J. Cammarota (Eds.), Beyond Resistance! Youth Activism and Community Change (pp. 129 – 147 ). New York , NY : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Jocson , K. ( 2008 ). Youth Poets: Empowering Literacies in and out of Schools . New York , NY : Peter Lang .
   Google Scholar
• Joseph , M. B. ( 2006 ). (Yet Another) Letter to a Young Poet . In J. Chang (Ed.), Total Chaos: The Art and Aesthetics of Hip Hop (pp. 11 – 17 ). New York , NY : Basic Books .
   Google Scholar
• Kelley , R. D. G. ( 1996 ). Race Rebels: Culture, Politics and the Black Working Class . New York , NY : The Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kelley , R. D. G. ( 2002 ). Freedom Dreams: The Black Radical Imagination . Boston , MA : Beacon Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kim , R. H. ( 2013 ). Spoken Art Pedagogies: Youth, Critical Literacy & a Cultural Movement in the Making. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Santa Cruz, CA.
   Google Scholar
• Kun , J. ( 2002 ). Two Turntables and a Social Movement: Writing Hip-Hop at Century's End . American Literary History , 14 , 580 – 592 .
   Google Scholar
• Lorde , A. ( 1984 ). Poetry Is Not a Luxury . In A. Lorde , Sister Outsider: Essays and Speeches (pp. 36 – 39 ). Trumansburg , NY : Crossing Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lu , T. ( 2011 ). Chicago youth mentors tackle school violence. Retrieved from http://colorlines.com/archives/2011/03/chicago_youth_mentors_help_curb_homocides.html
   Google Scholar
• Lugones , M. (2007). Heterosexualism and the Colonial/Modern Gender System. Hypatia , 22, 186–209.
   Google Scholar
• Mignolo , W. ( 2000 ). Local Histories/Global Designs: Coloniality, Subaltern Knowledges, and Border Thinking . Princeton , NJ : Princeton University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Morrell , E. ( 2004 ). Linking Literacy and Popular Culture: Finding Connections for Lifelong Learning . Norwood , MA : Christopher-Gordon Publishers, Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Morrell , E. and Duncan-Andrade , J. ( 2004 ). What They do Learn in School: Hip-Hop as a Bridge to Canonical Poetry . In J. Mahiri (Ed.), What They Don't Learn in School: Literacy in the Lives of Urban Youth (pp. 247 – 268 ). New York , NY : Peter Lang .
   Google Scholar
• Omi , M. and Winant , H. ( 1994 ). Racial Formation in the United States: From the 1960s to the 1990s ( , 2nd ed. ). New York , NY : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Quijano , A. ( 2000 ). Coloniality of Power, Eurocentrism, and Latin America . Nepantla: Views from South , 1 , 533 – 580 .
   Google Scholar
• Rockhill , K. ( 1987 ). Gender, Language and the Politics of Literacy . British Journal of Sociology , 38 , 153 – 167 .
   Google Scholar
• Rose , T. ( 2008 ). The Hip Hop Wars: What We Talk About When We Talk About Hip Hop—and Why It Matters . New York , NY : Basic Books .
   Google Scholar
• Sandoval , C. ( 2000 ). Methodology of the Oppressed . Minneapolis , MN : University of Minnesota Press .
   Google Scholar
• Scott , J. C. ( 1985 ). Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance . New Haven , CT : Yale University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Scott , J. W. ( 1992 ). “Experience.” In J. Butler & J. W. Scott (Eds.), Feminists Theorize the Political (pp. 22 – 40 ). New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Simmons , R. ( 2008 ). Russell Simmons Presents: Brave New Voices . New York , NY : Home Box Office .
   Google Scholar
• Simmons , R. ( 2010 ). Russell Simmons Presents: Brave New Voices . New York , NY : Home Box Office .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , A. ( 2006 ). Heteropatriarchy and the Three Pillars of White Supremacy: Rethinking Women of Color Organizing . In Incite! Women of Color Against Violence (Ed.), Color of Violence: The Incite! Anthology (pp. 66 – 73 ). Cambridge , MA : South End Press .
   Google Scholar
• Spivak , G. ( 1987 ). In Other Worlds: Essays in Cultural Politics . New York , NY : Methuen .
   Google Scholar
• Spivak , G. ( 1988 ). Can the Subaltern Speak? In C. Nelson & L. Grossberg (Eds.), Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture (pp. 271 – 313 ). Chicago , IL : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Street , B. ( 2001 ). The New Literacy Studies . In E. Cushman , E. R. Kintgen , B. M. Kroll , & M. Rose (Eds.), Literacy: A Critical Sourcebook (pp. 430 – 442 ). Boston , MA : Bedford/St. Martin's .
   Google Scholar
• Twumasi , N. K. ( 2008 ). What It Is and Isn't. 10 Slam Ed Guide: A Retrospective. San Francisco, CA: Youth Speaks, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Willis , P. ( 1981 ). Cultural Production Is Different from Cultural Reproduction Is Different from Social Reproduction Is Different from Reproduction . Interchange , 12 ( 2–3 ), 48 – 67 .
   Google Scholar
• Wynter , S. ( 2003 ). Unsettling the Coloniality of Being/Power/Truth/Freedom: Towards the Human, After Man, Its Overrepresentation—An Argument . CR: The New Centennial Review , 3 , 257 – 337 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yúdice , G. ( 2003 ). The Expediency of Culture: Uses of Culture in the Global Era . Durham , NC : Duke University Press .
   Google Scholar