6,545
Views
240
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Polysaccharides for Colon Targeted Drug Delivery

&
Pages 129-148 | Published online: 19 Oct 2008

REFERENCES

  • Aberg B.. 1953. Breakdown of dextran by human feces. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest.. 5: 37–38. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Adkin A. D., Kenyon C. J., Lerner E. I., Landau I., Strausss E., Carbon D., Penhasi A., Rubinstein A., Wilding I. R.. 1997. The use of scintigraphy to provide proof of concept for novel polysaccharide preparation designed for colonic drug delivery. Pharm. Res.. 14: 103–107. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Ahrabi S. F., Heinamaki J., Sande S. A., Graffner C.. 2000a. Development of pectin matrix tablets for colonic delivery of model ropivacaine. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci.. 10: 43–52. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Ahrabi S. F., Heinamaki J., Sande S. A., Graffner C.. 2000b. Influence of neutron activation factors on matrix tablets for site specific delivery to the colon. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci.. 10: 225–235. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Aiedeh K., Taha M. O.. 1999. Synthesis of chitosan succinate and chitosan phthalate and their evaluation as suggested matrices in orally administered colon-specific drug delivery systems. Arch. Pharm. (Weinheim.). 332: 103–107. [CROSSREF]
  • Akbuga J., Durmaz D.. 1994. Preparation and evaluation of crosslinked chitosan microspheres containing furosemide. Int. J. Pharm.. 11: 217–222. [CROSSREF]
  • Andersen G. H., Robbins F. M., Domingues F. J., Morres R. G., Long C. L.. 1983. The utilisation of schardinger dextrins by the rat. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.. 5: 257–266. [CROSSREF]
  • Antenucci R., Palmer J. K.. 1984. Enzymatic degradation of α and β-cyclodextrins by bacteroids of the human colon. J. Agric. Food Chem.. 32: 1316–1321
  • Ashford M., Fell J. T., Attwood D., Sharma H., Woodhead P.. 1993. An evaluation of pectin as a carrier for drug targeting to colon. J. Control. Rel.. 26: 213–220. [CROSSREF]
  • Ashford M., Fell J. T., Attwood D., Sharma H., Woodhead P.. 1994. Studies on pectin formulations for colonic drug delivery. J. Control. Rel.. 30: 225–232. [CROSSREF]
  • Azad Khan A. K., Truelove S. C., Aronseq J. K.. 1982. The disposition and metabolism of sulphasalazine (salicylazosulphapyridine) in man. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol.. 13: 523–528
  • Bauer K. H., Kesselhut J. F.. 1995. Novel pharmaceutical excipients for colon targeting. STP Pharm. Sci.. 5: 54–59
  • Bayliss C. E., Houston A. P.. 1986. Degradation of guar gum by faecal bacteria. Appl. Environ. Microbiol.. 48: 626–632
  • Berthold A., Cremer K., Kreuter J.. 1996. Influence of crosslinking on the acid stability and physicochemical properties of chitosan microspheres. STP Pharm. Sci.. 6: 358–364
  • Brondsted H., Andersen C., Hovgaard L.. 1998. Crosslinked dextran—a new capsule material for colon targeting of drugs. J. Control. Rel.. 53(1–3)7–13. [CROSSREF]
  • Brondsted H., Hovgaard L., Simonsen J.. 1995a. Dextran hydrogels for colon-specific drug delivery. III., In vitro and in vivo degradation. STP Pharm. Sci.. 5: 60–64
  • Brondsted H., Hovgaard L., Simonsen J.. 1995b. Dextran hydrogels for colon-specific drug delivery. IV. Comparative release mechanism of hydrocortisone and prednisolone phosphate. STP Pharm. Sci.. 5: 65–69
  • Chan R. P., Pope D. J., Gilbert A. P., Baron J. H., Lennard-Jones J. P.. 1983. Studies of two novel sulfaslazine analogue: ipsalazine and balsalazine. Dig. Dis. Sci.. 28: 609–615. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Chickering D. E., Mathiowitz E.. 1995. Bioadhesive microspheres. I. A novel electrobalance-based method to study adhesive interactions between individual microspheres and intestinal mucosa. J. Control. Rel.. 34: 251–262. [CROSSREF]
  • Chickering D. E., Jacob J. S., Mathiowitz E.. 1995. Bioadhesive microspheres. 2. Characterisation and evaluation of bioadhesion involving hard, bioerodible polymers and soft-tissue. Reacting Polymers. 25: 189–206. [CROSSREF]
  • Chiu H. C., Hsiue G. H., Lee Y. P., Huang L. W.. 1999. Synthesis and characterization of pH-sensitive dextran hydrogels as a potential colon-specific drug delivery system. J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed.. 10: 591–608. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Coates J. H., Easton C. J., Fryer N. L., Lincolin S. F.. 1994. Complementary diastereo selectivity in the synthesis and hydrolysis of acylated cyclodextrins. Chem. Lett.. 1153–1156
  • Cui N., Friend D. R., Fedorak R. N.. 1994. A budesonide prodrug accelerates treatment of colitis in rats. Gut. 35: 1439–1446. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Cummings J. H., Englyst H. N.. 1987. Fermentation in the human large intestine and available substrates. Am. J. Clin. Nutr.. 45: 1243–1247. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Cummings J. H., Southgate D. A. T., Branch W. J., Wiggins H. S., Houston H., Jenkins D. J. A., Jirraj T., Hill M. J.. 1979. The digestion of pectin in human gut and its effect on calcium absorption and large bowel function. Br. J. Nutr.. 41: 477–485. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Cummings J. H., Milojevic S., Harding M., Coward W. A., Gibson G. R., Botham R. L., Ring S. G., Wraight E. P., Stockham M. A., Allwood M. C., Newton J. M.. 1996. In vivo studies of amylose- and ethylcellulose-coated [13C]glucose microspheres as a model for drug delivery to the colon. J. Control. Rel.. 40: 123–131. [CROSSREF]
  • Dysseler B. S., Hoffen M. J.. 1995. Inulin, an alternative dietary fiber. Properties and quantitative analysis. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr.. 49: S145–S152. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • El-Gibaly I.. 2002. Oral delayed-release system based on Zn-pectinate gel (ZPG) microparticles as an alternative carrier to calcium pectinate beads for colonic drug delivery. Int. J. Pharm.. 232: 199–211. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Englyst H. N.. 1987. Digestion of the polysaccharides of potato in the small intestine of man. Am. J. Clin. Nutr.. 45: 423–431. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Englyst H. N., Cummings J. H.. 1985. Digestion of the polysaccharides of some cereal foods in the human small intestine. Am. J. Clin. Nutr.. 42: 778–787. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Englyst H. N., Cummings J. H.. 1986. Digestion of the polysaccharides of banana (Musa paradisinca sapietum) in man. Am. J. Clin. Nutr.. 44: 42–50. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Englyst H. N., Wiggins H. S., Cummings J. H.. 1982. Determination of nonstarch polysaccharides in plant foods by gas liquid chromatography of constituent sugars as alditol acetates. Analyst. 107: 307–318. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Englyst H. N., Hay S., MacFarlane G. T.. 1987. Polysaccharide breakdown by mixed populations of human faecal bacteria. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol.. 95: 163–171
  • Englyst H. N., Kingman S. M., Cummings J. H.. 1992. Classification and measurement of nutritionally important starch fractions. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr.. 46: S33–S50. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Fernandez-Hervas M. J., Fell J. T.. 1998. Pectin/chitosan mixtures as coatings for colon-specific drug delivery: An in vitro evaluation. Int. J. Pharm.. 169: 115–119. [CROSSREF]
  • Flourie B., Molis C., Achour L., Dupas H., Hatat C., Rambaud J. C.. 1993. Fate of β-cyclodextrin in the human intestine. J. Nutr.. 123: 676–680. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Friend D. R.. 1992. Glycosides in colonic drug delivery. Oral Colon Specific Drug Delivery, D. R., Friend, 153–187, Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press
  • Friend D. R., Chang G. W.. 1984. A colon-specific drug delivery based on the drug glycosidases of colonic bacteria. J. Med. Chem.. 27: 261–266. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Friend D. R., Phillips S., McLeod A., Tozer T. N.. 1991. Relative anti-inflammatory effect of oral dexamethasone-β-D-glucoside and dexamethasone in experimental IBD. Proc. Int. Control. Bioact. Mater.. 18: 612–613
  • Fukui E., Miyamura M., Kobayashi M.. 2001. An in vitro investigation of the suitability of press-coated tablets with hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) and hydrophobic additives in the outer shell for colon targeting. J. Control. Rel.. 70: 97–107. [CROSSREF]
  • Furda I.. 1983. Aminopolysaccharides—their potential as dietary fiber. Unconventional Sources of Dietary Fiber, Physiological and In Vitro Functional Properties, I., Furda, 105–122, Washington, DC, American Chemical Society
  • Gazzaniga A., Bussetti C., Moro L., Sangali M. E., Giordano F.. 1995. Time dependent oral delivery system for colon targeting. STP Pharm. Sci.. 5: 83–88
  • Gazzaniga A., Iamartino P., Maffione G., Sangalli M. E.. 1994. Oral delayed release system for colon specific drug delivery. Int. J. Pharm.. 108: 77–83. [CROSSREF]
  • Gerloczy A., Fonagy A., Keresztes P., Perlaky L., Szejtli J.. 1985. Absorption, distribution, excretion and metabolism of orally administered 14C-β-cyclodextrin in rat. Arzneim Forsch/Drug Res.. 35: 1042–1047
  • Gibson G. R., Roberfroid M. R.. 1995. Dietary modulation of the human colonic microflora: introducing the concept of prebiotics. J. Nutr.. 125: 1401–1414. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Gilko-Kabir I., Yagen B., Penhasi A., Rubinstein A.. 1998. Low swelling crosslinked guar and its potential use as colon-specific drug carrier. Pharm. Res.. 15: 1019–1025. [CROSSREF]
  • Gilko-Kabir I., Yagen B., Penhasi A., Rubinstein A.. 2000a. Phosphated crosslinked guar for colon-specific drug delivery. I. Preparation and physicochemical characterization. J. Control. Rel.. 63: 121–127. [CROSSREF]
  • Gilko-Kabir I., Yagen B., Baluom M., Rubinstein A.. 2000b. Phosphated crosslinked guar for colon-specific drug delivery. II In vitro and in vivo evaluation. J. Control. Rel.. 63: 129–134. [CROSSREF]
  • Goldsten A. M., Alter E. N., Seaman J. K.. 1992. Guar gum. Oral Colon-Specific Drug Delivery and Their Derivatives, R. L., Whistler, 1–43, , NY, Plenum Press
  • Gupta V. K., Beckert T. E., Price J. C.. 2001a. A novel pH- and time-based multi-unit potential colonic drug delivery system. I. Development. Int. J. Pharm.. 213: 83–91. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Gupta V. K., Assmus M. W., Beckert T. E., Price J. C.. 2001b. A novel pH- and time-based multi-unit potential colonic drug delivery system. II. Optimization of multiple response variables. Int. J. Pharm.. 213: 93–102. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Harboe E., Larsen C., Johansen M., Olesen H. P.. 1989a. Macromoleculer prodrugs. XIV. Absorption characteristics of naproxen after oral administration of a dextran T-70-naproxen ester prodrugs in pigs. Int. J. Pharm.. 53: 157–165. [CROSSREF]
  • Harboe E., Larsen C., Johansen M., Olesen H. P.. 1989b. Macromoleculer prodrugs. XV. Colon targeted delivery. bioavailability of naproxen from orally administered dextran-naproxen ester prodrugs varying in molecular size in the pig. Pharm. Res.. 6: 919–923. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Harboe E., Johansen M., Larsen C.. 1988. Macromolecular prodrugs. VI. Coupling of the highly lipophilic agent naproxen to dextrans and in vitro characterization of the conjugates. Farmaci. Sci. Ed.. 16: 73–85
  • Hardy J. G., Evans D. F., Zaki I., Clark A. G., Tonnesen H. H., Gamst O. N.. 1987. Evaluation of an enteric coated naproxen tablet using gamma scintigraphy and pH monitoring. Int. J. Pharm.. 37: 245–250
  • Hehre E. J., Sery T. W.. 1952. Dextran splitting anaerobic bacteria from the human intestine. J. Bacteriol.. 63: 424–426
  • Hergenrother R. W., Wabers H. D., Cooper S. L.. 1992. The effect of chain extenders and stabilizers on the in vivo stability of polyurethanes. J. Appl. Biomat.. 3: 17–22
  • Hiramaya F., Minami K., Uekama K.. 1996. In vitro evaluation of biphenyl acetic acid-beta-cyclodextrin conjugates as colon-targeting prodrugs: drug release behaviour in rat biological media. J. Pharm. Pharmacol.. 48: 27–31
  • Hirsch S., Binder V., Kolter K., Kesselhut J. F., Bauer K. H.. 1997. Lauroyldextran as a coating material for site-specific drug delivery to the colon: in-vitro dissolution of coated-tablets. Proc. Int. Symp. Control. Rel. Bioact. Mater.. 24: 379–380
  • Hirsch S., Binder V., Kolter K., Kesselhut J. F., Bauer K. H.. 1999. Lauroyldextran and cross-linked galactomannan as coating materials for site-specific drug delivery to the colon. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm.. 47: 61–71. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Hovgaard L., Brondsted H.. 1995. Dextran hydrogels for colon-specific drug delivery. J. Control. Rel.. 36: 159–166. [CROSSREF]
  • Huang S. L., Bansleben D. A., Knox J. R.. 1979. Biodegradable polymers: chymotrypsin degradation of low molecular weight poly(ester-urea) containing phenylalaline. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.. 23: 429–437. [CROSSREF]
  • Jain, Nitin K., Chourasia M. K., Jain S., Jain S. K., Jain N. K.. 2003. Development and characterization of engineered commensal bacteria for the delivery of enzymes. Ind. J. Pharm. Sci.. 65: 113–121
  • Johansen M., Larsen C.. 1984. Stability kinetics and hydrolysis of metronidazole monosuccinate in aqueous solution and in plasma. Int. J. Pharm.. 21: 201–209. [CROSSREF]
  • Johansen M., Larsen C.. 1985. A comparison of the chemical stability and the enzymatic hydrolysis of a series of aliphatic and aromatic ester derivatives of metronidazole. Int. J. Pharm.. 27: 219–231. [CROSSREF]
  • Johnson J. C., Gee J. M.. 1981. Effect of gel forming gum on the intestinal unstirred layer and sugar transport in vitro. Gut. 22: 398–403. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Jung Y. J., Lee J. S., Kim H. H., Kim Y. K., Kim Y. M.. 1998. Synthesis and properties of dextran-5-amino salicylic acid ester as a potential colon-specific prodrug of 5-amino salicylic acid. Arch. Pharm. Res.. 21: 179–186. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Karunaratne D. N., Farmer S., Hancock R. E. W.. 1993. Synthesis of bulky beta-lactams for inhibition of cell surface beta-lactamase activity. Bioconjug. Chem.. 4: 434–439. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Kenyon C. J., Nardi R. V., Wong D., Hooper G., Wilding I. R., Friend D. R.. 1997. Colonic delivery of dexamethasone: a pharmacoscintigraphic evaluation. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther.. 11: 205–213. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Khan M. Z., Prebeg Z., Kurjakovic N.. 1999. A pH-dependent colon targeted oral drug delivery system using methacrylic acid copolymers I. Manipulation of drug release using Eudragit® L100–55 and Eudragit® S100 combinations. J. Control. Rel.. 58: 215–222. [CROSSREF]
  • Kiyoung L., Kun N., Yueim K.. 1999. Polysaccharides as a drug coating polymer. Polym. Prep.. 40: 359–360
  • Krishnaiah Y. S. R., Satyanarayana S., Rama Prasad Y. V., Narasimha Rao S.. 1998. Gamma scintigraphic studies on guar gum matrix tablets for colonic drug delivery in healthy subjects. J. Control. Rel.. 55: 245–252. [CROSSREF]
  • Krishnaiah Y. S. R., Satyanarayana S., Rama Prasad Y. V.. 1999. Studies of guar gum compression coated 5-aminosalicylic acid tablets for colon-specific delivery. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm.. 25: 651–657. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Krishnaiah Y. S. R., Veer Raju P., Dinesh Kumar B., Bhaskar P., Satyanarayana V.. 2001. Development of colon targeted drug delivery systems for mebendazole. J. Control. Rel.. 77: 87–95. [CROSSREF]
  • Krishnaiah Y. S. R., Satyanarayana V., Dinesh Kumar B., Karthikeyan R. S.. 2002a. Studies on the development of colon-targeted delivery systems for celecoxib in the prevention of colorectal cancer. J. Drug Target.. 10: 247–254. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Krishnaiah Y. S., Satyanarayana V., Dinesh Kumar B., Karthikeyan R. S.. 2002b. In vitro drug release studies on guar gum-based colon targeted oral drug delivery systems of 5-fluorouracil. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci.. 16: 185–92. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Larsen C., Johansen M.. 1989. Macromolecular prodrugs XI. Regeneration rates of various NSAID compounds from their corresponding dextran ester prodrugs in aqueous buffer and in different biological media. Acta Pharm. Nord.. 2: 57–66
  • Larsen C., Jensen B. H., Olesen H. P.. 1991a. Stability of ketoprofen-dextran ester prodrugs in homogenates of various segments of the pig GI tract. Acta Pharm. Nord.. 3: 41–44. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Larsen C., Jensen B. H., Johansen M., Olesen H. P.. 1991b. Bioavailability of ketoprofen from orally administered ketoprofen dextran ester prodrug in the pig. Acta. Pharm. Nord.. 3: 71–76. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Larsen C., Harboe E., Johansen M., Olesen H. P.. 1989a. Macromolecular prodrugs. XVI. Colon targeted delivery. Comparison of the rate of release of naproxen from dextran ester prodrug in homogenates of various segments of the pig gastrointestinal tract. Pharm. Res.. 6: 995–999. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Larsen C., Harboe E., Johansen M., Olesen H. P.. 1989b. Macromoleculer prodrugs. XV. Colon targeted delivery. Bioavailability of naproxen from orally administered dextran ester prodrugs varying molecular size in the pig. Pharm. Res.. 6: 919–923. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Lee J. S., Jung Y. J., Doh M. J., Kim Y. M.. 2001. Synthesis and properties of dextran-nalidixic acid ester as a colon-specific prodrug of nalidixic acid. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm.. 27: 331–336. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Lenaerts V., Dumoulin Y., Mateescu M. A.. 1991. Controlled release of theophylline from crosslinked amylose tablets. J. Control. Rel.. 15: 39–46. [CROSSREF]
  • Levitt M. D., Hirsh P., Fetzer C. A., Sherman M., Levine A. S.. 1987. H2 excretion after ingestion of complex carbohydrates. Gastroenterology. 92: 383–386. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Lorenzo-Lamosa M. L., Remunan-Lopez C., Vila-Jato J. L., Alonso M. J.. 1998. Design of microencapsulated chitosan microspheres for colonic drug delivery. J. Control. Rel.. 52: 109–118. [CROSSREF]
  • Macfarlane G. T., Hay S., Macfarlane S., Gibson G. R.. 1990. Effect of different carbohydrates on growth polysaccharidases and glycosidase production of Bacteroides ovatus in batch and continuous culture. J. Appl. Bacteriol.. 68: 179–187. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Macleod G. S., Fell J. T., Collett J. H.. 1997. Studies on the physical properties of mixed pectin/ethylcellulose films intended for colonic drug delivery. Int. J. Pharm.. 157: 53–60. [CROSSREF]
  • Macleod G. S., Fell J. T., Collett J. H., Sharma J. L., Smith A. M.. 1999. Selective drug delivery to the colon using pectin: chitosan: hydroxypropyl methylcellulose film coated tablets. Int. J. Pharm.. 187: 251–257. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • MacNeil M. E., Rashid A., Stevens H. N. F.. 1990. Dispensing device. World Patent, WO 9009168
  • Maris B., Verheyden L., Reeth K. V., Samyn C., Augustijns P., Kinget R., Van den Mooter G.. 2001. Synthesis and characterisation of inulin-azo hydrogels designed for colon targeting. Int J. Pharm.. 213: 143–152. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Markus, Rudolph W., Klein S., Beckert T. E., Petereit H., Dressman J. B.. 2001. A new 5-aminosalicylic acid multi-unit dosage form for the therapy of ulcerative colitis. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm.. 51: 183–190. [CROSSREF]
  • McKeller R. C., Modler H. W.. 1989. Metabolism of fructooligosaccharides by Biffidobacterium spp. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.. 31: 537–541. [CROSSREF]
  • McLeod A. D., Friend D. R., Tozer T. N.. 1993. Synthesis and chemical stability of glucocorticoid-dextran ester: potential prodrugs for colon-specific drug delivery. Int. J. Pharm.. 92: 105–114. [CROSSREF]
  • McLeod A. D., Fedorak R. N., Friend D. R., Tozer T. N., Cui N.. 1994a. A glucocorticoid prodrug facilitates normal mucosal function in rat colitis without adrenal suppression. Gastroenterology. 106: 405–413. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • McLeod A. D., Tolentino L., Tozer T. N.. 1994b. Glucocorticoid-dextran ester conjugates as potential prodrugs for colon-specific drug delivery: steady-state pharmacokinetics in rat. Biopharm. Drug Dispos.. 15: 151–164. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Meshali M. M., Gabar K. E.. 1993. Effect of interpolymer complex formation of chitosan with pectin or acacia on the release behaviour of chlorpromazine HCI. Int. J. Pharm.. 89: 177–181. [CROSSREF]
  • Milojevic S., Newton J. M., Cummings J. H., Gibson G. R., Botham R. L., Ring S. C., Stockham M., Allwood M. C.. 1996a. Amylose as a coating for drug delivery to the colon: preparation and in vitro evaluation using 5-aminosalicylic acid pellets. J. Control. Rel.. 38: 75–84. [CROSSREF]
  • Milojevic S., Newton J. M., Cummings J. H., Gibson G. R., Botham R. L., Ring S. C., Stockham M., Allwood M. C.. 1996b. Amylose as a coating for drug delivery to the colon: preparation and in vitro evaluation using glucose pellets. J. Control. Rel.. 38: 85–94. [CROSSREF]
  • Minami K., Hiramaya F., Uekama K.. 1998. Colon-specific drug delivery based on a cyclodextrin prodrug: release behaviour of biphenyl acetic acid from its cyclodextrin conjugates in rat intestinal tracts after oral administration. J. Pharm. Sci.. 87: 715–720. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Moore W. E. C., Holdeman L. V.. 1975. Discussion of current bacteriological investigations of the relationship between intestinal flora, diet and colon cancer. Cancer Res.. 35: 3418–3420
  • Morishita I., Morishita M., Takayama K., Machida Y., Nagai T.. 1993. Enteral insulin delivery by microspheres in three different formulations using Eudragit L100 and S100. Int. J. Pharm.. 91: 29–37. [CROSSREF]
  • Munjeri O., Collett J. H., Fell J. T.. 1997. Hydrogel beads based on amidated pectins for colon-specific drug delivery: the role of chitosan in modifying drug release. J. Control. Rel.. 46: 273–278. [CROSSREF]
  • Muraoka M., Hu Z., Shimokawa T., Sekino S., Kurogoshi R., Kuboi Y., Yoshikawa Y., Takada K.. 1998. Evaluation of intestinal pressure-controlled colon delivery capsule containing caffeine as a model drug in human volunteers. J. Control. Rel.. 52: 119–129. [CROSSREF]
  • Omrod D. J., Holmes C. C., Miller T. E.. 1998. Dietary chitosan inhibits hypercholesterolaemia and antherogensis in the apoliprotein E-deficient mouse model of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis. 138: 329–334. [CROSSREF]
  • Orienti I., Cerchiara T., Luppi B., Bigucci F., Zuccari G., Zecchi V.. 2002. Influence of different chitosan salt on the release of sodium diclofenac in colon-specific delivery. Int. J. Pharm.. 238: 51–59. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Park K., Shalaby S. W. W., Park H.. 1993. Biodegradation. Biodegradable Hydrogels for Drug Delivery, J., Guillet, 13–34, Lancaster, PA, Technomic Publishing
  • Potts J. E., Clendianaings R. A., Ackard B.. 1973. The Biodegradability of Synthetic Polymers. Polymer Science and Technology. vol. 3. ed., J., Guillet, 61–79, New York, Plenum Press
  • Raghavan C. V., Muthulingam C., Leno Jenita J. A. J., Ravi T. K.. 2002. An in vitro and in vivo investigation into the suitability of bacterially triggered delivery system for colon targeting. Int. J. Pharm.. 50: 892–895
  • Rama Prasad Y. V., Krishnaiah Y. S. R., Satyanarayana S.. 1998. In vitro evaluation of guar gum as a carrier for colon-specific drug delivery. J. Control. Rel.. 51: 281–287
  • Ratner B. D., Gladhill K. W., Hobert T. A.. 1988. Analysis of in vitro enzymatic and oxidative degradation polyurethanes. J. Biomed. Mater. Res.. 22: 509–527. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Rihova B.. 1995. Bioadhesive polymers for oral drug delivery. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol.. 371B: 1491–1494. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Rodriguez M., Antunez J. A., Taboada C., Seijo B., Torres D.. 2001. Colon-specific delivery of budesonide from microencapsulated cellulosic cores: evaluation of the efficacy against colonic inflammation in rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol.. 53: 1207–1215. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Rodriguez M., Vila-Jato J. L., Torres D.. 1998. Design of a new multiparticulate system for potential site-specific and controlled drug delivery to the colonic region. J. Control. Rel.. 55: 67–77. [CROSSREF]
  • Rubinstein A.. 1990. Microbially controlled drug delivery to the colon. Biopharm Drug Dispos.. 11: 465–475. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Rubinstein A., Radai R.. 1991. Pectic salt as a colonic drug delivery system. Proc. Int. Symp. Control. Rel. Bioact. Mater.. 18: 221–222
  • Rubinstein A., Radai R.. 1995. In vitro and in vivo analysis of colon specifically of calcium pectinate formulations. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm.. 41: 291–295
  • Rubinstein A., Gilko-Kabir I.. 1995. Synthesis and swelling-dependent enzymatic degradation of borax-modified guar gum for colonic delivery purposes. STP Pharm. Sci.. 51: 41–46
  • Rubinstein A., Nakar D., Sintov A.. 1992a. Colonic drug delivery: enhanced release of indomethacin from cross linked chondroitin matrix in rat caecal content. Pharm. Res.. 9: 276–278. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Rubinstein A., Nakar D., Sintov A.. 1992b. Chondroitin sulphate: a potential prodrug for colon-specific drug delivery. Int. J. Pharm.. 84: 141–150. [CROSSREF]
  • Rubinstein A., Radai R., Ezra M., Pathak S., Rokem J. M.. 1993. In vitro evaluation of calcium pectinate: a potential colon-specific drug delivery carrier. Pharm. Res.. 10: 258–263. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Rubinstein A., Pathak S., Friendman M., Rokem J. S. R.. 1990. In vitro method for drug release analysis for microbially controlled drug delivery. Proc. Int. Symp. Control. Rel. Bioact. Mater.. 17: 466–467
  • Saffran M., Bedra C., Kumar G. S., Neckers D. C.. 1988. Vasopressin: A new model for the study of effects of additives on the oral and rectal administration of peptide drugs. J. Pharm. Sci.. 77: 33–38. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Saffran M., Kumar G. S., Savariar C., Burnham J. C., Williams F., Neckers D. C.. 1986. A new approach to the oral administration of insulin and other peptide drugs. Science. 233: 1081–1084. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Salyers A. A.. 1979. Energy sources of major intestinal fermentative anaerobes. Am. J. Clin. Nutr.. 32: 158–163. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Salyers A. A., O'Brien M.. 1980. Cellular location of enzymes involved in chondroitin sulfate breakdown by Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. J. Bacteriol.. 143: 772–780. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Schacht E., Gevaert A., Kenawy E. R.. 1996. Polymers for colon specific drug delivery. J. Control. Rel.. 39: 327–328. [CROSSREF]
  • Schacht E., Callant D., Verstraete W.. 1991. Synthesis and evaluation of polymeric prodrugs of 5-aminosalicylic acid. Proc. Int. Symp. Contr. Rel. Bioact. Mater.. 18: 686–687
  • Scheline R. R.. 1973. Metabolism of foreign compounds by gastrointestinal microorganisms. Pharmacol. Res.. 25: 451–523
  • Semde R., Amighi K., Moes A. J.. 1998. Epichlorhydrin cross-linked pectins for colonic drug delivery. Proc. Int. Symp. Control. Rel. Bioact. Mater.. 25: 806–807
  • Semde R., Amighi K., Devleeschouwer M. J., Moes A. J.. 2000a. Effect of pectinolytic enzymes on the theophylline release from pellets coated with water insoluble polymers containing pectin HM or calcium pectinate. Int. J. Pharm.. 197: 169–179. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Semde R., Amighi K., Devleeschouwer M. J., Moes A. J.. 2000b. Studies of pectin HM/Eudragit RL/Eudragit NE film-coating formulations intended for colonic drug delivery. Int. J. Pharm.. 197: 181–192. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Shibata N., Ohno T., Shimokawa T., Hu Z., Yoshikawa Y., Koga K., Murakami M., Takada K.. 2001. Application of pressure-controlled colon delivery capsules to oral administration of glycyrrizin in dogs. J. Pharm. Pharmacol.. 53: 441–447. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Shimono N., Takatori T., Masumi T., Ueda M., Mori M., Higashi Y., Nakamura Y.. 2002. Chitosan dispersed system for colon-specific drug delivery. Int. J. Pharm.. 245: 45–54. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Shu X. Z., Zhu K. J., Song W.. 2001. Novel pH-sensitive citrate crosslinked chitosan film for drug controlled release. Int. J. Pharm.. 212: 19–28. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Shun Y. L., Ayres J. W.. 1992. Calcium alginate beads as core carriers of 5-aminosalicylic acid. Pharm. Res.. 9: 714–790
  • Siew L. F., Basit A. W., Netwon J. M.. 2000. The properties of amylose-ethyl cellulose films cast from organic based solvents as potential coating colonic drug delivery. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci.. 11: 133–139. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Simonsen L., Hovgaard L., Mortensen P. B., Bronsted H.. 1995. Dextran hydrogels for colon-specific drug delivery. V. Degradation in human intestinal incubation models. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci.. 3: 329–337. [CROSSREF]
  • Sintov A., Di-Capua N., Rubinstein A.. 1995. Cross-linked chondroitin sulphate: characterization for drug delivery purposes. Biomaterials. 16: 473–478. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Spitael J., Kinget R.. 1977. Factors affecting the dissolution rate of enteric coatings. Pharm. Ind.. 39: 502–505
  • Spitael J., Kinget R.. 1979. Solubility and dissolution rate of enteric polymers. Acta Pharm. Technol.. 25: 163–168
  • Spitael J., Kinget R.. 1980. Influence of solvent composition upon film-coating. Pharm. Acta Helv.. 55: 157–160. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Spitael J., Kinget R., Naessens K.. 1980. Dissolution rate of cellulose acetate phthalate and Bronsted catalysis. Pharm. Ind.. 42: 846–849
  • Sriamornsak P., Nunthanid J.. 1998. Calcium pectinate gel beads for controlled release drug delivery: I. Preparation and in vitro release studies. Int. J. Pharm.. 160: 207–212. [CROSSREF]
  • Steggerda F. R.. 1968. Gastroinestinal gas following food consumption. Ann. N.Y. Acad Sci.. 150: 57–61. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Stella V. J., Rajewski R. A.. 1997. Cyclodextrins: their future in drug formulation and delivery. Pharm. Res.. 14: 556–567. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Stubbe B., Maris B., Van den Mooter G., Demeester J.. 2001. The in vitro evaluation of azo containing polysaccharide gels' for colon delivery. J. Control. Rel.. 75: 103–114. [CROSSREF]
  • Suzuki T., Matsumoto T., Hagino Y., Tozaki H., Yamamoto A., Muranishi S.. 1998. Biodegradation and medical applications of chitosan hard capsules. Sci. Technol. Polym. Adv. Mater., Prasad P., 567–571., 4th ed., New York, Plenum Press
  • Swanson D., Barclay B., Wong P., Theeuwes F.. 1987. Nifedipine gastro-intestinal, therapeutics system. Am. J. Med.. 83: 3–5. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Swift G.. 1992. Biodegradable polymers in the environment: are they really biodegradable?. Proc. ACS Div. Polym. Mat. Sci. Eng.. 66: 403–404
  • Takaya T., Niwa K., Muraoka M., Ogita I., Nagai N., Yano R., Kimura G., Yoshikawa Y., Yoshikawa H., Takada K.. 1998. Importance of dissolution process on systemic availability of drugs delivered by colon delivery system. J. Control. Rel.. 50: 111–122. [CROSSREF]
  • Tanaka H., Kominato K., Yamamoto R.. 1994. Synthesis of doxorubicin-cyclodextrin conjugates. J. Antibiot.. 47: 1025–1029. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Thanoo B. C., Sunny M. C., Jaykrishnan A.. 1992. Crosslinked chitosan microspheres: preparation and evaluation as a matrix for the controlled release of pharmaceuticals. J. Pharm. Pharmacol.. 44: 283–286. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Theeuwes F., Guittard G., Wong P.. 1990. Delivery of drugs to colon by oral dosage forms. U.S. Patent 4904474
  • Thimma R. T., Tammishetti S.. 2001. Barium chloride crosslinked carboxymethyl guar gum beads for gastrointestinal drug delivery. J. Appl. Poly. Sci.. 82: 3084–3090. [CROSSREF]
  • Toledo O. M. S., Dietrich C. P.. 1977. Tissue specific distributions of sulfated mucopolysaccharides in mammals. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 498: 114–122. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Tomlin B. J., Read N. W., Edwards C. A., Duerden B. J.. 1986. The degradation of guar gum by fecal incubation system. Brit. J. Nutr.. 55: 481–486. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Tomolin J., Taylor J. S., Read N. W.. 1989. The effect of mixed faecal bacteria on a selection of viscous polysaccharide in vitro. Nutr. Rep. Int.. 39: 121–135
  • Touitou E., Rubinstein A.. 1986. Targeted eternal delivery of insulin to rats. Int. J. Pharm.. 30: 95–99. [CROSSREF]
  • Towle G. A., Christensen O.. 1973. Pectin. Industrial Gums and Their Derivatives, R. L., Whistler, J. N., BeMiller, 429–461, New York, Academic Press
  • Tozaki M., Emi Y., Horisaka E., Fujita T., Yamamoto A., Muranishi S.. 1997a. Degradation of insulin and calcitonin and their protection by various protease inhibitors in rat caecal contents: implications in peptide delivery to the colon. J. Pharm. Pharmacol.. 49: 164–168. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Tozaki H., Komoike J., Tada C., Maruyama T., Terabe A., Suzuki T., Yamamoto A., Muranishi S.. 1997b. Chitosan capsules for colon-specific drug delivery: improvement of insulin absorption from the rat colon. J. Pharm. Sci.. 86: 1016–1021. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Tozaki M., Fujita T., Odoriba T.. 1999. Colon specific delivery of R68070, a new thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, using chitosan capsules: therapeutic effects against 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats. Life Sci.. 64: 1155–1162. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Tozaki H., Odoriba T., Okada N., Fujita T., Terabe A., Suzuki T., Okabe S., Murnishi S., Yamamoto A.. 2002. Chitosan capsules for colon-specific drug delivery: enhanced localization of 5-aminosalicylic acid in the large intestine accelerates healing of TNBS-induced colitis in rats. J. Control. Rel.. 82: 51–61
  • Tozer T. N., Rigod J., McLeod A. D., Gungon R., Hong M. K., Friend D. R.. 1991. Colon-specific delivery of dexamethasone from a glucoside prodrug in the guinea pig. Pharm. Res.. 8: 445–454. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Turkoglu M., Ugurlu T.. 2002. In vitro evaluation of pectin-HPMC compression coated 5-aminosalicylic acid tablets for colonic delivery. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm.. 53: 65–73. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Uekama K., Hiramaya F., Irie T.. 1991. Pharmaceutical uses of cyclodextrin derivatives. High Performance Biomaterials, M., Szycher, 789–786, Lancaster, PA, Technomic Publishing
  • Uekama K., Minami K., Hirayama F.. 1997. 6A-O-[(4-biphenylyl)acetyl]-alpha-, -beta- and -gamma-cyclodextrins and 6A-deoxy-6A-[[(4-biphenyl)acetyl]amino]-alpha-, -beta-, and -gamma-cyclodextrins: potential prodrugs for colon-specific delivery. J. Med. Chem.. 40: 2755–2761. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Van den Mooter G., Samyn C., Kinget R.. 1992. Azo polymers for colon-specific drug delivery. Int. J. Pharm.. 87: 37–46. [CROSSREF]
  • Van den Mooter G., Samyn C., Kinget R.. 1993. Azo polymers for colon-specific drug delivery. Part II: influence of the type of azo polymer on the degradation by intestinal microflora. Int. J. Pharm.. 97: 133–139. [CROSSREF]
  • Vandelli M. A., Leo E., Forni F., Bernatei M. T.. 1996. In vitro evaluation of a potential colonic drug delivery system that releases drug after a controllable lag-time. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm.. 43: 148–151
  • Van Soest P. J.. 1978. Dietary fibers: their definition and nutritional properties. Am. J. Clin. Nut.. 31: S12
  • Vermeersch J., Vandoorne F., Permentier D., Schacht E.. 1985. Macromoleculer prodrugs of metronidazole I. Esterification of hydroxyl containing polymers with metronidazole monosuccinate. Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg.. 94: 591–596
  • Vervoort L., Kinget R.. 1996. In vitro degradation by colonic bacteria of inulin HP incorporated in Eudragit films. Int J. Pharm.. 129: 185–190. [CROSSREF]
  • Vervoort L., Van den Mooter G., Augustijns P., Busson R., Toppet S., Kinget R.. 1997. Inulin hydrogels as carrier for colonic drug targeting. I. Synthesis and characterization of methacrylated inulin and hydrogel formation. Pharm. Res.. 14: 1730–1736. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Vervoort L., Rombaut P., Van den Mooter G., Augustijns P., Kinget R.. 1998a. Inulin hydrogels. I. Dynamic and equilibrium swelling properties. Int. J. Pharm.. 172: 127–135. [CROSSREF]
  • Vervoort L., Rombaut P., Van den Mooter G., Augustijns P., Kinget R.. 1998b. Inulin hydrogels. II. In vitro degradation study. Int. J. Pharm.. 172: 137–145. [CROSSREF]
  • Wakerly Z., Fell J. T., Attwood D., Parkins D.. 1996. Pectin/ethyl cellulose film coating formulations for colonic drug delivery. Pharm. Res.. 13: 1210–1212. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Wakerly Z., Fell J. T., Attwood D., Parkins D.. 1997. Studies on drug release from pectin/ethylcellulose film-coated tablets: a potential colonic delivery system. Int. J. Pharm.. 153: 219–224. [CROSSREF]
  • Wang X., Gibson G. R.. 1993. Effects of the in vitro fermentation of oligofructose and inulin by bacteria growing in the human large intestine. J. Appl. Bacterol.. 75: 373–380
  • Wastenson A.. 1971. Properties of fractionated chondroitin sulfate form ox nasal septa. Biochem. J.. 122: 477–785
  • Weiner M. L.. 1993. An overview of the regulatory status and of the safety of chitin and chitosan as food and pharmaceutical ingredients. Advances in Chitin and Chitosan., Brine C. J., P. A., Sandford, J. P., Zikakis, 663–672, London, Elsevier Applied Sciences
  • Willoughby C. P., Aronson J. K., Agback H., Bodin N. O., Anderson E., Truelove S. C.. 1981. Disposition in normal volunteers of sodium azodisalicylate, a potential therapeutic agent in inflammatory bowl disease. Gut. 22: A431
  • Willoughby C. P., Aronson J. K., Agback H., Bodin N. O., Anderson E., Truelove S. C.. 1982. Disposition in normal volunteers of sodium azodisalicylate, a potential therapeutic agent in ulcerative colitis. Gut. 23: 1081–1087. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Wong D., Larrabeo S., Clitford K., Tremblay J., Friend D. R.. 1997. USP dissolution apparatus III (reciprocating cylinder) for screening of guar-based colonic delivery formulation. J. Control. Rel.. 47: 173–179. [CROSSREF]
  • Yano H., Hirayama F., Kamada M., Arima H., Uekama K., Uekama K.. 2002. Colon-specific delivery of prednisolone-appended alpha-cyclodextrin conjugate: alleviation of systemic side effect after oral administration. J. Control. Rel.. 79: 103–112. [CROSSREF]
  • Yehe P. Y., Berenson M. M., Samowitz W. S., Kopeckova P., Kopecek J.. 1995. Site-specific drug delivery and penetration enhancement in the gastrointestinal tract. J. Control. Rel.. 36: 109–124. [CROSSREF]
  • Zhang H., Ibrahim A. A., Neau S. H.. 2002. An in vitro evaluation of a chitosan-containing multiparticulate system for macromolecule delivery to the colon. Int. J. Pharm.. 239: 197–205. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.