Performance evaluation of multiple particulate matter monitoring instruments under higher temperatures and relative humidity in Southeast Asia and design of an affordable monitoring instrument (ManPMS)

References

• Nepal, R.; Phoumin, H.; Khatri, A. Green Technological Development and Deployment in the Association of Southeast Asian Economies (ASEAN) – at Crossroads or Roundabout? Sustainability. 2021, 13, 758. DOI: 10.3390/su13020758.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, C. H.; Sears, L.; Myers, J. V.; Brock, G. N.; Sears, C. G.; Zierold, K. M. Proximity to Coal-Fired Power Plants and Neurobehavioral Symptoms in Children. J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. 2022, 32, 124–134. DOI: 10.1038/s41370-021-00369-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larssen, S.; Hagen, L. O. Air Quality in Europe, 1993 – A Pilot Report. European Environment Agency: Copenhagen; 1996.
   Google Scholar
• Ho, C. M.; Nguyen, L. T.; Vo, A. T.; Vo, D. H. Urbanization and the Consumption of Fossil Energy Sources in the Emerging Southeast Asian Countries. Environ. Urban. ASIA. 2021, 12, 90–103. DOI: 10.1177/0975425321990378.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Environment Agency. Air Pollution from Electricity-Generating Large Combustion: An Assessment of the Theoretical Emission Reduction of SO2 and NOX through Implementation of BAT as Set in the BREFs. 2008. DOI: 10.2800/3609.
   Google Scholar
• Asian Development Bank. Assessment of Power Sector Reforms in Viet Nam Country Report; Asian Development Bank: Manila, 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Asian Development Bank. Philippines: Energy Sector Assessment, Strategy, and Road Map; Asian Development Bank: Manila, 2018. DOI: 10.22617/TCS189616.
   Google Scholar
• Asian Development Bank. Indonesia Energy Sector Assessment, Strategy and Road Map Update; Asian Development Bank: Manila, 2021. DOI: 10.22617/TCS200429.
   Google Scholar
• Dharma, A. B.; Kadir, R. A. The Preliminary Study of Traffic Impact Analysis for Developing Countries in Southeast Asia. In Advances in Visual Informatics; Badioze Zaman, H., Smeaton, A. F., Shih, T. K., Velastin, S., Terutoshi, T., Jørgensen, B. N., Aris, H., Ibrahim, N., Eds.; Springer International Publishing: Cham, 2021; pp 342–349. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-90235-3_30.
   Google Scholar
• Malaysia Department of Environment. Air Quality Standards https://www.doe.gov.my/en/2021/12/15/air-quality-standards/ (accessed Mar 8, 2023).
   Google Scholar
• Singapore National Environment Agency. Air Quality: Air quality in Singapore https://www.nea.gov.sg/our-services/pollution-control/air-pollution/air-quality (accessed Mar 8, 2023).
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. WHO Global Air Quality Guidelines: Particulate Matter (PM2.5 and PM10), Ozone, Nitrogen Dioxide, Sulfur Dioxide and Carbon Monoxide; World Health Organization: Geneva, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT National Technical Regulation on Ambient Air Quality. 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Tang, V. T.; Oanh, N. T. K.; Rene, E. R.; Binh, T. N. Analysis of Roadside Air Pollutant Concentrations and Potential Health Risk of Exposure in Hanoi, Vietnam. J. Environ. Sci. Health A Tox. Hazard Subst. Environ. Eng. 2020, 55, 975–988. DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2020.1763091.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Climate and Clean Air Coalition. United Nations Environment Programme. Air Pollution in Asia and the Pacific: Science-Based Solutions; 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Chomanee, J.; Thongboon, K.; Tekasakul, S.; Furuuchi, M.; Dejchanchaiwong, R.; Tekasakul, P. Physicochemical and Toxicological Characteristics of Nanoparticles in Aerosols in Southern Thailand during Recent Haze Episodes in Lower Southeast Asia. J. Environ. Sci. 2020, 94, 72–80. DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.03.021.
   Google Scholar
• Van, D.-A.; Vu, T. V.; Nguyen, T.-H. T.; Vo, L.-H. T.; Le, N. H.; Nguyen, P. H. T.; Pongkiatkul, P.; Ly, B.-T. A Review of Characteristics, Causes, and Formation Mechanisms of Haze in Southeast Asia. Curr. Pollution Rep. 2022, 8, 201–220. DOI: 10.1007/s40726-022-00220-z.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ngoc, B.; Delbarre, H.; Deboudt, K.; Dieudonné, E.; Tran, D.; Le Thanh, S.; Pelon, J.; Ravetta, F. Key Factors Explaining Severe Air Pollution Episodes in Hanoi during 2019 Winter Season. Atmos. Pollut. Res. 2021, 12, 101068. DOI: 10.1016/j.apr.2021.101068.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thuy, N. T. T.; Dung, N. T.; Sekiguchi, K.; Thuy, L. B.; Hien, N. T. T.; Yamaguchi, R. Mass Concentrations and Carbonaceous Compositions of PM0.1, PM2.5, and PM10 at Urban Locations of Hanoi. Aerosol Air Qual. Res. 2018, 18, 1591–1605. DOI: 10.4209/aaqr.2017.11.0502.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brook, R. D.; Rajagopalan, S.; Pope, C. A.; Brook, J. R.; Bhatnagar, A.; Diez-Roux, A. V.; Holguin, F.; Hong, Y.; Luepker, R. V.; Mittleman, M. A.; et al. Particulate Matter Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease: An Update to the Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2010, 121, 2331–2378. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0b013e3181dbece1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oberdörster, G.; Oberdörster, E.; Oberdörster, J. Nanotoxicology: An Emerging Discipline Evolving from Studies of Ultrafine Particles. Environ. Health Perspect. 2005, 113, 823–839. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.7339.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castell, N.; Dauge, F. R.; Schneider, P.; Vogt, M.; Lerner, U.; Fishbain, B.; Broday, D.; Bartonova, A. Can Commercial Low-Cost Sensor Platforms Contribute to Air Quality Monitoring and Exposure Estimates? Environ. Int. 2017, 99, 293–302. DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.12.007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TCVN 5067:1995. Air Quality – Weighing Method for Determination of Dust Content; 1995.
   Google Scholar
• TCVN 9469:2012. Ambient Air – Measurement of the Mass of Particulate Matter on a Filter Medium – Beta-Ray Absorption Method; 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Hong, T. Why are the air quality monitoring stations in Ho Chi Minh City “delayed”? Hanoi. 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Eatough, D. J.; Long, R. W.; Modey, W. K.; Eatough, N. L. Semi-Volatile Secondary Organic Aerosol in Urban Atmospheres: Meeting a Measurement Challenge. Atmos. Environ. 2003, 37, 1277–1292. DOI: 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)01020-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chow, J. C. Measurement Methods to Determine Compliance with Ambient Air Quality Standards for Suspended Particles. J. Air Waste Manag. Assoc. 1995, 45, 320–382. DOI: 10.1080/10473289.1995.10467369.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tsyro, S. G. To What Extent Can Aerosol Water Explain the Discrepancy between Model Calculated and Gravimetric PM10 and PM2.5? Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2005, 5, 515–532. DOI: 10.5194/acp-5-515-2005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Standards. BS EN 12341:2014 Ambient Air. Standard Gravimetric Measurement Method for the Determination of the PM10 or PM2$d,5 Mass Concentration of Suspended Particulate Matter, 2014.
   Google Scholar
• EPA. National Primary and Secondary Ambient Air Quality Standards, 40 C.F.R. §50, 1971.
   Google Scholar
• International Organization for Standardization. ISO/IEC 17025: General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories; 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Marple, V. A.; Willeke, K. Inertial Impactors: Theory, Design and Use. In Fine Particles: Aerosol Generation, Measurement, Sampling, and Analysis; Academic Press: New York, 1976.
   Google Scholar
• Peters, T. M.; Vanderpool, R. W.; Wiener, R. W. Design and Calibration of the EPA PM2.5: Well Impactor Ninety-Six (WINS). Aerosol Sci. Technol. 2001, 34, 389–397. DOI: 10.1080/02786820120352.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenny, L. C.; Gussman, R. A. A Direct Approach to the Design of Cyclones for Aerosol-Monitoring Applications. J. Aerosol Sci. 2000, 31, 1407–1420. DOI: 10.1016/S0021-8502(00)00047-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EPA. National Primary and Secondary Ambient Air Quality Standards, 40 C.F.R. §53, 1971.
   Google Scholar
• Vanderpool, R. W.; Peters, T. M.; Natarajan, S.; Gemmill, D. B.; Wiener, R. W. Evaluation of the Loading Characteristics of the EPA WINS PM2.5 Separator. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 2001, 34, 444–456. DOI: 10.1080/02786820117739.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanderpool, R. W.; Peters, T. M.; Natarajan, S.; Tolocka, M. P.; Gemmill, D. B.; Wiener, R. W. Sensitivity Analysis of the USEPA WINS PM2.5 Separator. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 2001, 34, 465–476. DOI: 10.1080/027868201750172932.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cauda, E.; Sheehan, M.; Gussman, R.; Kenny, L.; Volkwein, J. An Evaluation of Sharp Cut Cyclones for Sampling Diesel Particulate Matter Aerosol in the Presence of Respirable Dust. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 2014, 58, 995. DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/meu045.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horender, S.; Auderset, K.; Quincey, P.; Seeger, S.; Skov, S. N.; Dirscherl, K.; Smith, T. O. M.; Williams, K.; Aegerter, C. C.; Kalbermatter, D. M.; et al. Facility for Production of Ambient-like Model Aerosols (PALMA) in the Laboratory: Application in the Intercomparison of Automated PM Monitors with the Reference Gravimetric Method. Atmos. Meas. Tech. 2021, 14, 1225–1238. DOI: 10.5194/amt-14-1225-2021.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson, J. G.; Tropp, R. J.; Kohl, S. D.; Wang, X.; Chow, J. C. Filter Processing and Gravimetric Analysis for Suspended Particulate Matter Samples. Aerosol Sci. Eng. 2017, 1, 93–105. DOI: 10.1007/s41810-017-0010-4.
   Google Scholar
• Xiao, J.; Liang, J.; Zhang, C.; Tao, Y.; Ling, G.-W.; Yang, Q.-H. Advanced Materials for Capturing Particulate Matter: Progress and Perspectives. Small Methods. 2018, 2, 1800012. DOI: 10.1002/smtd.201800012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mei, H.; Han, P.; Wang, Y.; Zeng, N.; Liu, D.; Cai, Q.; Deng, Z.; Wang, Y.; Pan, Y.; Tang, X. Field Evaluation of Low-Cost Particulate Matter Sensors in Beijing. Sensors. 2020, 20, 4381. DOI: 10.3390/s20164381.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lee, J. H.; Hopke, P. K.; Holsen, T. M.; Lee, D.-W. A.; Jaques, P.; Sioutas, C.; Ambs, J. L. Performance Evaluation of Continuous PM2.5 Mass Concentration Monitors. J. Aerosol Sci. 2005, 36, 95–109. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2004.07.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, X.; Zhang, R.; Yu, W. The Effects of PM2.5 Concentrations and Relative Humidity on Atmospheric Visibility in Beijing. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 2019, 124, 2235–2259. DOI: 10.1029/2018JD029269.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, M.; Chen, S.; Zhang, X.; Guo, S.; Wang, Y.; Zhao, F.; Chen, J.; Qi, P.; Lu, F.; Chen, M.; et al. Characters of Particulate Matter and Their Relationship with Meteorological Factors during Winter Nanyang 2021–2022. Atmosphere. 2023, 14, 137. DOI: 10.3390/atmos14010137.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hai, C. D.; Kim Oanh, N. T. Effects of Local, Regional Meteorology and Emission Sources on Mass and Compositions of Particulate Matter in Hanoi. Atmos. Environ. 2013, 78, 105–112. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.05.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar