REFERENCES
- Aasland, Aadne and Tone Flotten. 2001. “Ethnicity and Social Exclusion in Estonia and Latvia,” Europe-Asia Studies 53, no. 7: 1023–1049.
- Abolafia, Mitchel Y. 2004. “Framing Move: Interpretive Politics at the Federal Reserve,” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 14, no. 3: 349–370.
- Agarin, Timofey. 2010. A Cat’s Lick. Democratization and Minority Communities in the Post-Soviet Baltic. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
- Agarin, Timofey, and Ada-Charlotte Regelmann. 2012. “Which Is the Only Game in Town? Minority Rights Issues in Estonia and Slovakia.” Perspectives on European Politics and Society 13, no. 4: 443–61.
- Auers, Daunis. 2013. “Latvia.” In The Handbook of Political Change in Eastern Europe, eds. Sten Berglund, Joakim Ekman, Kevin Deegan-Krause, and Terje Knutsen, 85–124. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.
- Barrington, Lowell. 1995. “The Domestic and International Consequences of Citizenship in the Soviet Successor States.” Europe-Asia Studies 47, no. 5: 731–64.
- Berg, Eiki,and Piret Ehin, eds. 2009. Identity and Foreign Policy: Baltic-Russian Relations and European Integration. Farnham: Ashgate.
- Berglund, Sten, Joakim Ekman, Kevin Deegan-Krause, and Terje Knutsen, eds. 2013. The Handbook of Political Change in Eastern Europe. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.
- Bob, Clifford. 2005. The Marketing of Rebellion. New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Brosig, Malte., ed. 2006. Human Rights in Europe: A Fragmented Regime? Frankfurt: Peter Lang.
- Brubaker, Rogers. 1996. Nationalism Reframed: Nationhood and the National Question in the New Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Brüggemann, Karsten and Andres Kesakamp. 2009. “Identity Politics and Contested Histories in Divided Societies: The Case of Estonian War Monuments.” In Identity and Foreign Policy: Baltic-Russian Relations and European Integration, eds. Eiki Berg and Piret Ehin, 51–65. Farnham: Ashgate.
- Budryte, Doville. 2005. Taming Nationalism? Political Community Building in the Post-Soviet Baltic States. Aldershot: Ashgate.
- Bugajski, Janus. 2004. Cold Peace: Russia’s New Imperialism. Westport, CT: Praeger.
- Cheskin, Amon. 2010. “The Successes and Failures of Russian Foreign Policy towards the ‘Russian Diaspora’: Soft Power and the Baltic States.” Conference paper, University of Bath, available at https://www.academia.edu/4095150/The_successes_and_failures_of_Russian_foreign_policy_towards_the_Russian_diaspora_Soft_power_and_the_Baltic_states, accessed July 24, 2015.
- ———. 2015. “Identity and Integration of Russian-speakers in the Baltic States: A Framework for Analysis.” Ethnopolitics 14, no. 1: 72–93.
- Ciziunas, Pranas. 2008. “Russia and the Baltic States: Is Russian Imperialism Dead?” Comparative Strategy 27: 287–307.
- Csergo, Zsuzsa. 2007. Talk of the Nation: Language and Conflict in Romania and Slovakia. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
- Csergo, Zsuzsa, and James M. Goldgeier. 2013. “Kin-State Activism in Hungary, Romania, and Russia: The Politics of Ethnic Demography.” In Divided Nations and European Integration, eds. Tristan James Mabry, John McGarry, Margaret Moore, and Brendan O’Leary, 89–126. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
- Druckman, James N. 2001. “The Implications of Framing Effects for Citizen Competence,” Political Behavior 23 (March): 225–56.
- ———. 2004. “Political Preference Formation: Competition, Deliberation and the (Ir)relevance of Framing Effects.” American Political Science Review 98, no. 4: 671–86.
- Ehala, Martin. 2009. “The Bronze Soldier: Identity Threat and Maintenance in Estonian Society.” Journal of Baltic Studies 40, no. 1: 139–58.
- Galbreath, David. J. 2005. Nation-Building and Minority Politics in Post-Socialist States: Interests, Influences, and Identities in Estonia and Latvia. Stuttgart: ibidem-Verlag.
- Galbreath, David, and Nils Muižnieks. 2009. “Managing Post-Imperial Minorities.” In Minority Rights in Central and Eastern Europe, ed. Bernd Rechel, 135–50. London: Routledge.
- Galbreath, David and Joanne McEvoy. 2010. “European Integration and the Geopolitics of National Minorities.” Ethnopolitics 9, no. 3–4:357–77.
- Gamson, William. 1992. Talking Politics. NewYork: Cambridge University Press.
- Garrison, Jean A. 2001. “Framing Foreign Policy Alternatives in the Inner Circle: President Carter, His Advisors, and the Struggle for the Arms Control Agenda.” Political Psychology 22, no. 1: 775–807.
- Gross, Kimberly. 2008. “Framing Persuasive Appeals: Episodic and Thematic Framing. Emotional Response, and Policy Opinion.” Political Psychology 29, no. 2: 169–92.
- Hogan-Brun, Gabrielle, Uldis Ozolins, Meiluté Ramoniené, and Mart Rannut. 2007. “Language Politics and Practices in the Baltic States.” Current Issues in Language Planning 8, no. 4: 469–630.
- Hughes, James. 2005. “‘Exit’ in Deeply Divided Societies: Regimes of Discrimination in Estonia and Latvia and the Potential for Russophone Migration.” Journal of Common Market Studies 43, no. 4: 739–62.
- Johns, Michael. 2003. “Do as I Say Not as I Do: The European Union, Eastern Europe, and Minority Rights.” East European Politics and Societies 17, no. 4: 682–99.
- Johnston, Hank. 1995. “A Methodology for Frame Analysis: From Discourse to Cognitive Schema.” In Social Movements and Culture, eds. Hank Johnston and Bert Klandermans, 217–46. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
- Karklins, Rasma. 1994. Ethnopolitics and Transition to Democracy: The Collapse of the USSR and Latvia. Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center Press.
- Kelley, Judith. 2004. Ethnic Politics in Europe. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
- Korts, Külliki. 2009. “Inter-Ethnic Attitudes and Contacts between Ethnic Groups in Estonia.” Journal of Baltic Studies 40, no. 1: 121–37.
- Kudors, Andis. 2010. “Russian World—Russia’s Soft Power Approach to Compatriots Policy.” Russian Analytical Digest 81, no. 10: 2–5.
- ———. 2012. “Latvia Between the Centers of Gravitation of Soft Power—the USA and Russia.” In Latvia and the United States: A New Chapter in the Partnership, ed. Ivars Indāns, 93–115. Riga: Centre for East European Policy Studies.
- ———. 2014. “Russian Soft Power and Non-Military Influence: The View from Latvia.” In Tools of Destabilization. Russian Soft Power and Non-military Influence in the Baltic States, ed. Mike Winnerstig, 71–110. FOI-R-3990-SE. Stockholm: Sweden Defence Research Agency.
- Lagerspetz, Mikko and Henri Vogt. 2013. “Estonia.” In The Handbook of Political Change in Eastern Europe, eds. Sten Berglund, Joakim Ekman, Kevin Deegan-Krause, and Terje Knutsen, 51–84. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.
- Lerhis, Ainārs, Ivars Indans, and Andis Kudors. 2008. Outside Influence on the Ethnic Integration Process in Latvia. 2d ed. Riga: Center for Eastern European and Policy Studies.
- Mabry, Tristan James, John McGarry, Margaret Moore, and Brendan O’Leary, eds. 2013. Divided Nations and European Integration. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
- McAdam, Doug. 1996. “The Framing Function of Movement Tactics: Strategic Dramaturgy in the American Civil Rights Movement.” In Comparative Perspectives on Social Movements: Political Opportunities, Mobilizing Structures, and Cultural Framings, eds. Doug McAdam, John D. McCarthy, and Mayer Zald, 338–55. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- McAdam, Doug, John D. McCarthy, and Mayer N. Zald, eds. 1996. Comparative Perspectives on Social Movements: Political Opportunities, Mobilizing Structures, and Cultural Framings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Ministry of Culture. 2011. “Estonian Integration Monitoring 2011. A Summary.” Tallinn: Ministry of Culture, at http://www.kul.ee/webeditor/files/integratsioon/Integratsiooni_monitooring_2011_ENG_lyhiversioon.pdf, accessed March 28, 2013.
- Muiznieks, Nils, ed. 2006. Latvian–Russian Relations: Domestic and International Dimension. Riga: University of Latvia.
- ———, ed. 2008. Manufacturing Enemy Images? Russian Media Portrayal of Latvia. Riga: University of Latvia.
- ———, ed. 2010. How Integrated Is Latvian Society? An Audit of Achievments, Failures, and Challenges. Riga: University of Latvia Press.
- ———, ed. 2011. Latvian–Russian Relations: Dynamics since Latvia’s Accession to the EU and NATO. Riga: University of Latvia Press.
- Mylonas, Harris. 2013. The Politics of Nation-Building: Making Co-Nationals, Refugees, and Minorities. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Nakai, Ryo. 2014. “The Influence of Party Competition on Minority Politics: A Comparison of Latvia and Estonia.” Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe 13, no. 1: 57–85.
- Nye, Joseph. 2004. Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics. New York: Public Affairs.
- Park, Andrus. 1994. “Ethnicity and Independence: The Case of Estonia in Comparative Perspective.” Europe-Asia Studies 46: 69–87.
- Pelnēns, Gatis, ed. 2009. The Humanitarian Dimension of Russsian Foreign Policy toward Georgia, Moldova, Ukraine, and the Baltic States. Riga: Center for East European Policy Studies.
- Persson, Gudrun. 2014. “Russian Influence and Soft Power in the Baltic States: The View from Moscow.” In Tools of Destabilization. Russian Soft Power and Non-military Influence in the Baltic States, ed. Mike Winnerstig, 17–29. FOI-R-3990-SE. Stockholm: Sweden Defence Research Agency.
- Pettai, Vello, and Kristina Kallas. 2009. “Conditionality Amidst a Legal Straightjacket.” In Minority Rights in Central and Eastern Europe, ed. Bernd Rechel, 104–18. London: Routledge, 2009.
- Raedelli, Claudio, M. 2004. “Europeanization: Solution or Problem,” European Integration Online Papers 8, no. 16, at http://eiop.or.at/eiop/pdf/2004-016.pdf, accessed August 3, 2015.
- Rechel, Bernd, ed. 2009. Minority Rights in Central and Eastern Europe. London: Routledge, 2009.
- Regelmann, Ada-Charlotte. 2014. “Introduction: Minority Participation in Estonia and Latvia.” Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe 13, no. 1: 1–18.
- Ruutsoo, Rein, M. Jacobson and Leif. Kalev. 2012. “Segmented Civil Society as a Challenge for Democracy: The Russophone Minority in Estonia.” In Nation-Building in the Context of Post-Communist Transformation and Globalization: The Case of Estonia, ed. Raivo Vetik, 73–114. Frankfurt: Peter Lang.
- Sasse, Gwendolyn. 2008. “The Politics of EU Conditionality: The Norm of Minority Protection during and beyond EU Accession.” Journal of European Public Policy 15, no. 6: 842–60.
- Schimmelfennig, Frank, Stefan Engert, and Heiko Knobel. 2006. International Socialization in Europe: European Organizations, Political Conditionality, and Democratic Change. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Schulze, Jennie L. 2010. “Estonia Caught between East and West: EU Conditionality, Russia’s Activism, and Minority Integration.” Nationalities Papers 38, no. 3: 361–92.
- ———. 2014. “The Ethnic Participation Gap: Comparing Second Generation Russian Youth and Estonian Youth.” Journal of Ethnic and Minority Issues in Europe 13, no. 1: 19–56.
- Simonsen, Sven Gun’nar. 2001. “Compatriot Games: Explaining the ‘Diaspora Linkage’ in Russia’s Military Withdrawal from the Baltic States.” Europe-Asia Studies 53, no. 5: 771–91.
- Šleivyté, Janina. 2010. Russia’s European Agenda and the Baltic States. London: Routledge.
- Smith, David J. 2002. “Framing the National Question in Central and Eastern Europe: A Quadratic Nexus?” The Global Review of Ethnopolitics 2, no. 1: 3–16.
- Steen, Anton. 2010. “National Elites and the Russian Minority Issue. Does EU–NATO Integration Matter?” Journal of European Integration 32, no. 2: 193–212
- Vachudova, Milada. A. 2005. Europe Undivided: Democracy, Leverage, and Integration After Communism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Vetik, Raivo, ed. 2012. Nation-Building in the Context of Post-Communist Transformation and Globalization: The Case of Estonia. Frankfurt: Peter Lang.
- Waterbury, Myra. 2010. Between State and Nation: Diaspora Politics and Kin-State Nationalism in Hungary. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Winnerstig, Mike, ed. 2014. Tools of Destabilization. Russian Soft Power and Non-military Influence in the Baltic States. FOI-R-3990-SE. Stockholm: Sweden Defence Research Agency.
- Zepa, Brigita, Inese Šūpule, Evija Kļave, Līga Krastiņa, Jolanta Krišāne, and Inguna Tomsone. 2005. Ethnopolitical Tension in Latvia: Looking for the Conflict Solution. Riga: Baltic Institute of Social Sciences.