References
- Ayoub, P. M. 2014. “With Arms Wide Shut: Threat Perception, Norm Reception, and Mobilized Resistance to LGBT Rights.” Journal of Human Rights 13 (3): 337–362. doi:10.1080/14754835.2014.919213.
- Börzel, T., and T. Risse. 2012. “From Europeanization to Diffusion: Introduction.” West European Politics 35 (1): 1–19. doi:10.1080/01402382.2012.631310.
- Buyantueva, R. 2020. “What Motivates LGBT Activists to Protest? The Case of Russia.” Problems of Post-Communism doi: 10.1080/10758216.2020.1822187.
- Chapidze, T., and A. Umland. 2019. “Complications in Tbilisi’s Friendship with Kyiv.” Atlantic Council, March. https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/ukrainealert/complications-in-tbilisi-s-friendship-with-kyiv/
- Chitanava, E. 2015. “The Georgian Orthodox Church: National Identity and Political Influence.” In Traditional Religion and Political Power: Examining the Role of the Church in Georgia, edited by A. Hug, 40–52. Armenia, Ukraine and Moldova, London: Foreign Policy Center.
- Chitanava, E. 2016. “Georgia’s Politics of Piety.” Opendemocracy.net, September 30, Accessed August 20, 2021. https://www.opendemocracy.net/od-russia/eka-chitanava/georgia-s-politics-of-piety
- Civil Georgia. 2014a. “Georgian Church Speaks Out Against Anti-Discrimination Bill.” Accessed April 28, 2022. https://civil.ge/archives/123664
- Civil Georgia. 2014b. “Patriarch: “Church Will Do Everything to Make Georgia EU Member.” March 4. Accessed 28 April 2022. https://old.civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=27008
- Edenborg, E. 2020. Russian LGBT Politics and Rights. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics. Accessed January 30, 2020.
- Fabbro, R. 2019. “More Young Georgians Say Queer Rights are Important than Not, Poll Finds.” OC Media, Accessed April 28, 2019 2022. https://oc-media.org/more-young-georgians-say-queer-rights-are-important-than-not-poll-finds/
- Gamzemlidze, D. 2016. “Kak Gruzinskaia tserkov vybiraet mezhdu Moskvoi i Brusselem” [How the Georgian Church Chooses between Moscow and Brussels]. Moscow Carnegie Center, Accessed April 28, 2022. https://carnegie.ru/commentary/66206
- GOC (Georgian Orthodox Church). 2021. “Statement of the Georgian Patriarchate.” Accessed June 29, 2021. https://patriarchate.ge/news/2793
- International Republican Institute. 2020. “Public Opinion Survey Residents of Georgia.” Accessed 28 April 2022. https://civil.ge/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/IRI-Poll-June-2020.pdf
- Janashia, E. 2014. “Georgia Endorses Anti-Discrimination Law.” The Central Asia Caucasus Analyst, Accessed April 21, 2022. https://www.cacianalyst.org/publications/field-reports/item/12978-georgia-endorses-anti-discrimination-law.html
- Kakabadze, S. 2016. “Georgia’s Liminal Identity or the Never-Ending Stage of Transition.” Ideology and Politics, 1 (6): 51–85.
- Kaoma, K. 2009. Globalizing the Culture Wars: US Conservatives, African Churches & Homophobia. Somerville: Political Research Associates.
- Kaoma, K. 2012. Colonizing African Values: How the US Christian Right Is Transforming Sexual Politics in Africa. Somerville: Political Research Associates.
- Köksal, P., A. Aydıngün, and H. Gürsoy. 2019. “Religious Revival and Deprivatization in Post-Soviet Georgia: Reculturation of Orthodox Christianity and Deculturation of Islam.” Politics and Religion 12 (2): 317–345. doi:10.1017/S1755048318000585.
- Kuhar, R., and D. Paternotte, Eds. 2017. Anti-Gender Campaigns in Europe: Mobilizing against Equality. London: Rowman and Littlefield.
- Liik, Kadri, Momchil Metodiev and Nicu Popescu. 2019. Defender of the Faith? How Ukraine’s Orthodox Split Threatens Russia. Policy Brief, 30 May 2019. Accessed on 30 May 2019. https://ecfr.eu/publication/defender_of_the_faith_how_ukraines_orthodox_split_threatens_russia/
- Lindekilde, L. 2014. “Discourse and Frame Analysis. In-Depth Analysis of Qualitative Data in Social Movement Research.” In Methodological Practices in Social Movement Research, and D. Della Porta, 195–227. Oxford Scholarship Online.
- Luciani, L. 2021. “Where the Personal Is (Geo)political: Performing Queer Visibility in Georgia in the Context of EU Association.” Problems of Post-Communism 1–12. doi: 10.1080/10758216.2021.1937228.
- McKay, T., and N. Angotti. 2016. “Ready Rhetorics: Political Homophobia and Activist Discourse in Malawi, Nigeria, and Uganda.” Qualitative Sociology 39 (4): 397–420. doi:10.1007/s11133-016-9342-7.
- Mole, R. 2016. “Nationalism and Homophobia in Central and Eastern Europe.” In The EU Enlargement and Gay Politics. The Impact of Eastern Enlargement on Rights, Activism and Prejudice, edited by K. Slootmaeckers, H. Touquet, and P. Vermeersch, 99–121. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Morozov, V., and B. Rumelili. 2012. “The External Constitution of European Identity: Russia and Turkey as Europe-makers.” Cooperation and Conflict 47 (1): 28–48. doi:10.1177/0010836711433124.
- Nash, Catherine J., and Kath Browne. 2015. “Best for Society? Transnational Opposition to Sexual and Gender Equalities in Canada and Great Britain.” Gender, Place & Culture 22 (4): 561–577. doi:10.1080/0966369X.2014.885893.
- Nash, C.J., and K. Browne. 2019, November. “Resisting the Mainstreaming of LGBT Equalities in Canadian and British Schools: Sex Education and Trans School Friends.” Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space. doi:10.1177/2399654419887970.
- Neo, R. 2020. “How Does Europeanisation Influence Domestic LGBT Discourses? Evidence from the Turkish Press, 2005–2010.” European Politics and Society 21 (5): 535–553. doi:10.1080/23745118.2019.1684045.
- NISS (National Institute for Strategic Studies). 2015. “Khrystyyansʹkyy aspekt yevropeysʹkoyi intehratsiyi Ukrayiny. Analitychna zapyska” [The Christian Aspect of Ukraine’s European Integration. Analytical note]. Accessed 28 April 2022. https://niss.gov.ua/doslidzhennya/gumanitarniy-rozvitok/khristiyanskiy-aspekt-evropeyskoi-integracii-ukraini
- O’Dwyer, C., and K. Schwartz. 2010. “Minority Rights after EU Enlargement: A Comparison of Antigay Politics in Poland and Latvia.” Comparative European Politics 8 (2): 220–243. doi:10.1057/cep.2008.31.
- O’Dwyer, C. 2018. “The Benefits of Backlash: EU Accession and the Organization of LGBT Activism in Postcommunist Poland and the Czech Republic.” East European Politics and Societies 32 (4): 892–923. doi:10.1177/0888325418762051.
- OC Media. 2019. “Georgian PM Says Homophobia Is ‘Exaggerated’ following Last Week’s Homophobic Siege.” Accessed June 17, 2019. https://oc-media.org/georgian-pm-says-homophobia-is-exaggerated-following-last-week-s-homophobic-siege/
- Orthodox Christianity. 2019. “Family Purity Day Is Not Against Anyone, But For Georgia—Patriarch Ilia.” Accessed May 20, 2019. https://orthochristian.com/121266.html
- Pew Research Center. 2017. “Religious Belief and National Belonging in Central and Eastern Europe.” Accessed May 10, 2017. https://www.pewforum.org/2017/05/10/religious-belief-and-national-belonging-in-central-and-eastern-europe/
- Radaelli, C. M. 2003. “The Europeanization of Public Policy.” In The Politics of Europeanization, edited by K. Featherstone and C. M. Radaelli, 27–56. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Razumkov Center. 2018. “The Society’s Expectations of Church and Interchurch Relations (Public Opinion Survey).” Accessed November 13, 2018. https://razumkov.org.ua/en/sociology/press-releases/international-conference-reconciliation-strategies-the-role-of-churches-in-ukraine
- RISU (Religious Information Service of Ukraine). 2022. “Ilia II, Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia: ‘Russia Started a War, and Kirill Closed His Eyes and Mouth.’” Accessed March 18, 2022. https://risu.ua/en/catholicos-patriarch-of-all-georgia-elijah-ii-russia-started-a-war-and-cyril-closed-his-eyes-and-mouth_n127361
- Saltnes, J. D. (2020). To Sanction or Not to Sanction? Normative Dilemmas in the Promotion of LGBTI Human Rights. GLOBUS Research Papers.
- Saralidze, A. 2015. “Poll: In Your Opinion, Why Do You Hate Gay People?.” September. http://17maisi.org/2015/09/28/voxpop/
- Schiffers, S. 2015. “A Decade of Othering: Russian Political Leaders’ Discourse on Russia-EU Relations 2004-2014.” East European Quarterly 43 (1): 1–27. https://ssrn.com/abstract=2667257
- Shevtsova, M. 2020. “Fighting “Gayropa”: Europeanization and Instrumentalization of LGBTI Rights in Ukrainian Public Debate.” Problems of Post-Communism 67 (6): 500–510. doi:10.1080/10758216.2020.1716807.
- Shevtsova, Maryna. 2021. LGBTI Politics and Value Change in Ukraine and Turkey. Exporting Europe? Routledge.
- Sleptcov, N. 2018. “Political Homophobia as a State Strategy in Russia.” Journal of Global Initiatives: Policy, Pedagogy, Perspective 12 (1): 140–161. https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/jgi/vol12/iss1/9
- Slootmaeckers, K., H. Touquet, and P. Vermeersch, edited by 2016. “The EU Enlargement and Gay Politics: The Impact of Eastern Enlargement on Rights, Activism and Prejudice.” London: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Slootmaeckers, S. 2017. “The Litmus Test of Pride: Analysing the Emergence of the Belgrade “Ghost” Pride in the Context of EU Accession.” East European Politics 33 (4): 517–535. doi:10.1080/21599165.2017.1367290.
- Slootmaeckers, K. 2020. “Constructing European Union Identity through LGBT Equality Promotion: Crises and Shifting Othering Processes in the European Union Enlargement.” Political Studies Review 18 (3): 346–361. doi:10.1177/1478929919877624.
- Sobor, Vseukrainski. 2021. “Likvidatsiya Khrystyyansʹkoyi etyky ta propahuvannya LHBT pershoklasnykam? Shcho chekaty vid hendernoho audytu osvity, yakyy rozpochav MON” [Eliminating Christian Ethics and Promoting LGBT to First Graders? What to Expect from the Gender Audit of Education Launched by the Ministry of Education and Science]. Accessed 28 April 2022. https://sobor.com.ua/news/sho-chekati-vid-gendernogo-auditu
- Tabula. 2017. “IDAHOT and ‘Day of Family Purity’ Marked in Tbilisi on May 17.” Accessed May 17, 2021. http://www.tabula.ge/en/story/120237-idahot-and-day-of-family-purity-marked-in-tbilisi-on-may-17th
- Tolkachev, D., and T. Tolordava. 2020. “Shared Past, Different Future? Russian and Georgian Authorities’ Discourse Concerning Homosexuality.” Sexuality and Culture 24 (2): 447–464. doi:10.1007/s12119-019-09688-2.
- UCCRO. 2020. “VRTsiRO poyasnyla, chomu ne mozhna ratyfikovuvaty Stambulʹsʹku Konventsiyu” [The VRCiRO Explained Why the Istanbul Convention Could Not Be Ratified). Accessed June 12, 2020. https://vrciro.org.ua/ua/statements/uccro-against-istanbul-convention-and-gender-ideology
- UCCRO. 2021. “Rada tserkov zaklykaye vidkhylyty zakonoproekt № 5488 shchodo neterpymosti” [The Council of Churches Calls for the Rejection of Bill 5488 on Intolerance]. Accessed June 4, 2021. https://vrciro.org.ua/ua/statements/uccro-against-draft-law-5488
- UN Population Fund. 2021. “Comprehensive Sexuality Education.” Official Webpage. Accessed November 8, 2021. https://www.unfpa.org/comprehensive-sexuality-education
- Vaggione, J. M. 2010. El Activismo Religioso Conservador en Latinoamérica. Cordoba: Editorial Ferreyra.
- Verpoest, L. 2018. “Geopolitical Othering versus Normative Isomorphism? LGBTI Rights in Russia and Ukraine.” European Foreign Affairs Review, 23 (139): 157.
- World Value Survey. 2020. “Findings and Insights.” Accessed December.4, 2022. https://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/WVSContents.jsp