References
- Mirovsky Y, Shalmon E, Blankstein A, Halperin N. Complete paraplegia following gunshot injury without direct trauma to the cord. Spine 2005;30(21):2436–8. doi: 10.1097/01.brs.0000184588.54710.61
- Sekhon LH, Fehlings MG. Epidemiology, demographics, and pathophysiology of acute spinal cord injury. Spine 2001;26(24 Suppl):S2–12. doi: 10.1097/00007632-200112151-00002
- Janssen L, Hansebout RR. Pathogenesis of spinal cord injury and newer treatments. A review. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1989;14(1):23–32. doi: 10.1097/00007632-198901000-00005
- Fehlings MG, Perrin RG. The role and timing of early decompression for cervical spinal cord injury: update with a review of recent clinical evidence. Injury 2005;36 Suppl 2B13-26.
- Egi M, Morita K. Fever in non-neurological critically ill patients: a systematic review of observational studies. J Crit Care 2012;27(5):428–33. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2011.11.016
- Fernandez A, Schmidt JM, Claassen J, Pavlicova M, Huddleston D, Kreiter KT, et al. Fever after subarachnoid hemorrhage: risk factors and impact on outcome. Neurology 2007;68(13):1013–9. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000258543.45879.f5
- Mackowiak PA, Wasserman SS, Levine MM. A critical appraisal of 98.6 degrees F, the upper limit of the normal body temperature, and other legacies of Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich. JAMA 1992;268(12):1578–80. doi: 10.1001/jama.1992.03490120092034
- Niven DJ, Stelfox HT, Shahpori R, Laupland KB. Fever in adult ICUs: an interrupted time series analysis*. Crit Care Med 2013;41(8):1863–9. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e31828a43b2
- Saxena M, Young P, Pilcher D, Bailey M, Harrison D, Bellomo R, et al. Early temperature and mortality in critically ill patients with acute neurological diseases: trauma and stroke differ from infection. Intensive Care Med 2015;41(5):823–32. doi: 10.1007/s00134-015-3676-6
- Dietrich WD, Bramlett HM. Hyperthermia and central nervous system injury. Prog Brain Res 2007;162201-17.
- McKinley W, McNamee S, Meade M, Kandra K, Abdul N. Incidence, etiology, and risk factors for fever following acute spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med 2006;29(5):501–6. doi: 10.1080/10790268.2006.11753899
- American Spinal Injury Association/International Medical Society of Paraplegia. International Standards for Neurologic and Functional Classification of Spinal Cord Injury. Revised 2000. Chicago, IL: ASIA; 2002.
- Marino RJ, Barros T, Biering-Sorensen F, Burns SP, Donovan WH, Graves DE, et al. International standards for neurological classification of spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med 2003;26 Suppl 1S50-6.
- Guieu JD, Hardy JD. Effects of heating and cooling of the spinal cord on preoptic unit activity. J Appl Physiol 1970;29(5):675–83. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1970.29.5.675
- Colachis SC, 3rd, Otis SM. Occurrence of fever associated with thermoregulatory dysfunction after acute traumatic spinal cord injury. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 1995;74(2):114–9. doi: 10.1097/00002060-199503000-00005
- Unsal-Delialioglu S, Kaya K, Sahin-Onat S, Kulakli F, Culha C, Ozel S. Fever during rehabilitation in patients with traumatic spinal cord injury: analysis of 392 cases from a national rehabilitation hospital in Turkey. J Spinal Cord Med 2010;33(3):243–8. doi: 10.1080/10790268.2010.11689701
- Beraldo PS, Neves EG, Alves CM, Khan P, Cirilo AC, Alencar MR. Pyrexia in hospitalised spinal cord injury patients. Paraplegia 1993;31(3):186–91.
- Hocker SE, Tian L, Li G, Steckelberg JM, Mandrekar JN, Rabinstein AA. Indicators of central fever in the neurologic intensive care unit. JAMA Neurol 2013;70(12):1499–504.
- Rabinstein AA, Sandhu K. Non-infectious fever in the neurological intensive care unit: incidence, causes and predictors. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2007;78(11):1278–80. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.2006.112730
- Savage KE, Oleson CV, Schroeder GD, Sidhu GS, Vaccaro AR. Neurogenic Fever after Acute Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: A Qualitative Systematic Review. Global Spine J 2016;6(6):607–14. doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1570751
- Meier K, Lee K. Neurogenic Fever. J Intensive Care Med 2017;32(2):124–9. doi: 10.1177/0885066615625194
- Varma A, Hill EG, Nicholas J, Selassie A. Predictors of early mortality after traumatic spinal cord injury: a population-based study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2010;35(7):778–83. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181ba1359
- Wilson JR, Cadotte DW, Fehlings MG. Clinical predictors of neurological outcome, functional status, and survival after traumatic spinal cord injury: a systematic review. J Neurosurg Spine 2012;17(1 Suppl):11–26. doi: 10.3171/2012.4.AOSPINE1245
- Ulger F, Dilek A, Karakaya D, Senel A, Sarihasan B. Fatal fever of unknown origin in acute cervical spinal cord injury: five cases. J Spinal Cord Med 2009;32(3):343–8. doi: 10.1080/10790268.2009.11760788
- Montgomerie JZ. Infections in patients with spinal cord injuries. Clin Infect Dis 1997;25(6):1285–90; quiz 91-2. doi: 10.1086/516144
- Sugarman B, Brown D, Musher D. Fever and infection in spinal cord injury patients. JAMA 1982;248(1):66–70. doi: 10.1001/jama.1982.03330010040028
- Childers MK, Rupright J, Smith DW. Post-traumatic hyperthermia in acute brain injury rehabilitation. Brain Inj 1994;8(4):335–43. doi: 10.3109/02699059409150984
- Cunha BA, Tu RP. Fever in the neurosurgical patient. Heart Lung 1988;17(6 Pt 1):608–11.
- Sazbon L, Groswasser Z. Outcome in 134 patients with prolonged posttraumatic unawareness. Part 1: Parameters determining late recovery of consciousness. J Neurosurg 1990;72(1):75–80. doi: 10.3171/jns.1990.72.1.0075
- Segatore M. Fever after traumatic brain injury. J Neurosci Nurs 1992;24(2):104–9. doi: 10.1097/01376517-199204000-00010
- Ginsberg MD, Sternau LL, Globus MY, Dietrich WD, Busto R. Therapeutic modulation of brain temperature: relevance to ischemic brain injury. Cerebrovasc Brain Metab Rev 1992;4(3):189–225.
- Suehiro E, Fujisawa H, Ito H, Ishikawa T, Maekawa T. Brain temperature modifies glutamate neurotoxicity in vivo. J Neurotrauma 1999;16(4):285–97. doi: 10.1089/neu.1999.16.285
- Peterson P. Pulmonary physiology and medical management. New York: Demos Medical Publishing; 1989.
- Attia M, Engel P. Thermoregulatory set point in patients with spinal cord injuries (spinal man). Paraplegia 1983;21(4):233–48.