References
- Branco F, Cardenas DD, Svircev JN. Spinal cord injury: a comprehensive review. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 2007;18(4):651–79. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmr.2007.07.010
- Postma K, Post MWM, Haisma JA, Stam HJ, Bergen MP, Bussmann JBJ. Impaired respiratory function and associations with health-related quality of life in people with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 2016;54(10):866–71. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/sc.2016.18
- Sferrazza PG, Pellegrino GM, Di Marco F, Imeri G, Brochard L, Goligher E, et al. A review of the ultrasound assessment of diaphragmatic function in clinical practice. Respiration. 2016;91:403–11. doi: https://doi.org/10.1159/000446518
- Boon AJ, O’Gorman C. Ultrasound in the assessment of respiration. J Clin Neurophysiol 2016;33(2):112–9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/WNP.0000000000000240
- Sarwal A, Walker FO, Cartwright MS. Neuromuscular ultrasound for evaluation of the diaphragm. Muscle Nerve. 2013;47(3):319–29. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/mus.23671
- Boussuges A, Gole Y, Blanc P. Diaphragmatic motion studied by m-mode ultrasonography: methods, reproducibility, and normal values. Chest. 2009;135(2):391–400. doi: https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.08-1541
- Noda Y, Sekiguchi K, Kohara N, Kanda F, Toda T. Ultrasonographic diaphragm thickness correlates with compound muscle action potential amplitude and forced vital capacity. Muscle Nerve. 2016;53(4):522–7. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/mus.24902
- Hardy F, Walker J, Sawyer T. Sonographic measurement of diaphragm movement in patients with tetraplegia. Spinal Cord. 2009;47(11):832–4. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/sc.2009.45
- West CR, Taylor BJ, Campbell IG, Romer LM. Effects of inspiratory muscle training on exercise responses in Paralympic athletes with cervical spinal cord injury. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2014;24(5):764–72. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12070
- Gierada DS, Curtin JJ, Erickson SJ, Prost RW, Strandt JA, Goodman LR. Diaphragmatic motion: fast gradient-recalled-echo MR imaging in healthy subjects. Radiology. 1995;194(3):879–84. doi: https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.194.3.7862995
- Boon AJ, Harper CJ, Ghahfarokhi LS, Strommen JA, Watson JC, Sorenson EJ. Two-dimensional ultrasound imaging of the diaphragm: quantitative values in normal subjects. Muscle Nerve. 2013;47(6):884–9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/mus.23702
- Francis CA, Hoffer JA, Reynolds S. Ultrasonographic evaluation of diaphragm thickness during mechanical ventilation in intensive care patients. Am J Crit Care. 2016;25(1):e1–8. doi: https://doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2016563
- Boon AJ, Sekiguchi H, Harper CJ, Strommen JA, Ghahfarokhi LS, Watson JC, et al. Sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic ultrasound in the diagnosis of phrenic neuropathy. Neurology. 2014;83(14):1264–70. doi: https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000000841
- Grosu HB, Lee YI, Lee J, Eden E, Eikermann M, Rose KM. Diaphragm muscle thinning in patients who are mechanically ventilated. Chest. 2012;142(6):1455–60. doi: https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.11-1638
- Terson de Paleville D, Lorenz D. Compensatory muscle activation during forced respiratory tasks in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2015;217:54–62. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resp.2015.07.001
- Summerhill EM, El-Sameed YA, Glidden TJ, McCool FD. Monitoring recovery from diaphragm paralysis with ultrasound. Chest. 2008;133(3):737–43. doi: https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.07-2200
- Mertens L. Diaphragmatic paralysis after cardiac surgery: how to look at it? Pediatr Crit Care Med 2006;7:491–2. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.PCC.0000225029.88916.2D
- Hiwatani Y, Sakata M, Miwa H. Ultrasonography of the diaphragm in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: clinical significance in assessment of respiratory functions. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2013;14(2):127–31. doi: https://doi.org/10.3109/17482968.2012.729595
- Testa A, Soldati G, Giannuzzi R, Berardi S, Portale G, Gentiloni Silveri N. Ultrasound M-mode assessment of diaphragmatic kinetics by anterior transverse scanning in healthy subjects. Ultrasound Med Biol 2011;37(1):44–52. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2010.10.004
- Soilemezi E, Tsagourias M, Talias MA, Soteriades ES, Makrakis V, Zakynthinos E, et al. Sonographic assessment of changes in diaphragmatic kinetics induced by inspiratory resistive loading. Respirology. 2013;18(3):468–73. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/resp.12011
- Houston JG, Angus RM, Cowan MD, McMillan NC, Thomson NC. Ultrasound assessment of normal hemi-diaphragmatic movement: relation to inspiratory volume. Thorax. 1994;49(5):500–3. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/thx.49.5.500
- Dong KN, Jae JL, Joshua HY. Diaphragm breathing movement measurement using ultrasound and radiographic imaging: a concurrent validity. Bio Med Mater Eng 2014;24(1):947–52. doi: https://doi.org/10.3233/BME-130889
- Brown R, DiMarco AF, Hoit JD, Garshick E. Respiratory dysfunction and management in spinal cord injury. Respir Care. 2006;51(8):853–70.