Lesion characteristics are associated with bowel, bladder, and overall independence following cervical spinal cord injury

References

• Schading S, Emmenegger TM, Freund P. Improving diagnostic workup following traumatic spinal cord injury: advances in biomarkers. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2021;21:1–10.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haefeli J, Mabray MC, Whetstone WD, Dhall SS, Pan JZ, Upadhyayula P, Manley GT, Bresnahan JC, Beattie MS, Ferguson AR, et al. Multivariate analysis of MRI biomarkers for predicting neurologic impairment in cervical spinal cord injury. Am J Neuroradiol. 2017;38(3):648–655.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCoy DB, Dupont SM, Gros C, Cohen-Adad J, Huie RJ, Ferguson A, Duong-Fernandez X, Thomas LH, Singh V, Narvid J, et al. Convolutional neural network-based automated segmentation of the spinal cord and contusion injury: deep learning biomarker correlates of motor impairment in acute spinal cord injury. Am J Neuroradiol. 2019;40(4):737–744.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freund P, Seif M, Weiskopf N, Friston K, Fehlings MG, Thompson AJ, Curt A. MRI in traumatic spinal cord injury: from clinical assessment to neuroimaging biomarkers. Lancet Neurol. 2019;18(12):1123–1135.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfyffer D, Vallotton K, Curt A, Freund P. Predictive value of midsagittal tissue bridges on functional recovery after spinal cord injury. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2021;35(1):33–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfyffer D, Vallotton K, Curt A, Freund P. Tissue bridges predict neuropathic pain emergence after spinal cord injury. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2020;91(10):1111–1117.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfyffer D, Huber E, Sutter R, Curt A, Freund P. Tissue bridges predict recovery after traumatic and ischemic thoracic spinal cord injury. Neurology. 2019;93(16):e1550–e1560.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berliner JC, O'Dell DR, Albin SR, Dungan D, Sevigny M, Elliott JM, Weber KA, Abdie DR, Anderson JS, Rich AA, et al. The influence of conventional T2 MRI indices in predicting who will walk outside one year after spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med. 2023;46(3):501–507.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Dell DR, Weber KA, Berliner JC, Elliott JM, Connor JR, Cummins DP, Heller KA, Hubert JS, Kates MJ, Mendoza KR, et al. Midsagittal tissue bridges are associated with walking ability in incomplete spinal cord injury: a magnetic resonance imaging case series. J Spinal Cord Med. 2020;43(2):268–271.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aarabi B, Sansur CA, Ibrahimi DM, Simard JM, Hersh DS, Le E, Diaz C, Massetti J, Akhtar-Danesh N. Intramedullary lesion length on postoperative magnetic resonance imaging is a strong predictor of ASIA impairment scale grade conversion following decompressive surgery in cervical spinal cord injury. Neurosurgery. 2017;80(4):610–620.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Talbott JF, Whetstone WD, Readdy WJ, Ferguson AR, Bresnahan JC, Saigal R, Hawryluk GW, Beattie MS, Mabray MC, Pan JZ, et al. The Brain and Spinal Injury Center score: a novel, simple, and reproducible method for assessing the severity of acute cervical spinal cord injury with axial T2-weighted MRI findings. J Neurosurg Spine. 2015;23(4):495–504.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith AC, Albin SR, O'Dell DR, Berliner JC, Dungan D, Sevigny M, Draganich C, Elliott JM, Weber II KA. Axial MRI biomarkers of spinal cord damage to predict future walking and motor function: a retrospective study. Spinal Cord. 2021;59(6):693–699.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith AC, O'Dell DR, Albin SR, Berliner JC, Dungan D, Robinson E, Elliott JM, Carballido-Gamio J, Stevens-Lapsley J, Weber KA. Lateral corticospinal tract and dorsal column damage: predictive relationships with motor and sensory scores at discharge from acute rehabilitation after spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2022;103(1):62–68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith AC, Weber KA II, O’Dell DR, Parrish TB, Wasielewski M, Elliott JM. Lateral corticospinal tract damage correlates with motor output in incomplete spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2018;99(4):660–666.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mummaneni N, Burke JF, DiGiorgio AM, Thomas LH, Duong-Fernandez X, Harris M, Pascual LU, Ferguson AR, Huie JR, Pan JZ, et al. Injury volume extracted from MRI predicts neurologic outcome in acute spinal cord injury: a prospective TRACK-SCI pilot study. J Clin Neurosci. 2020;82:231–236.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petersen JA, Wilm BJ, von Meyenburg J, Schubert M, Seifert B, Najafi Y, Dietz V, Kollias S. Chronic cervical spinal cord injury: DTI correlates with clinical and electrophysiological measures. J Neurotrauma. 2012;29(8):1556–1566.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin AR, Aleksanderek I, Cohen-Adad J, Tarmohamed Z, Tetreault L, Smith N, Cadotte DW, Crawley A, Ginsberg H, Mikulis DJ, et al. Translating state-of-the-art spinal cord MRI techniques to clinical use: a systematic review of clinical studies utilizing DTI, MT, MWF, MRS, and fMRI. NeuroImage Clinical. 2016;10:192–238.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flanders AE, Spettell CM, Friedman DP, Marino RJ, Herbison GJ. The relationship between the functional abilities of patients with cervical spinal cord injury and the severity of damage revealed by MR imaging. Am J Neuroradiol. 1999;20(5):926–934.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flanders AE, Spettell CM, Tartaglino LM, Friedman DP, Herbison GJ. Forecasting motor recovery after cervical spinal cord injury: value of MR imaging. Radiology 1996;201(3):649–655.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyanji F, Furlan JC, Aarabi B, Arnold PM, Fehlings MG. Acute cervical traumatic spinal cord injury: MR imaging findings correlated with neurologic outcome—prospective study with 100 consecutive patients. Radiology. 2007;243(3):820–827.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huber E, Lachappelle P, Sutter R, Curt A, Freund P. Are midsagittal tissue bridges predictive of outcome after cervical spinal cord injury? Ann Neurol. 2017;81(5):740–748.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vallotton K, Huber E, Sutter R, Curt A, Hupp M, Freund P. Width and neurophysiologic properties of tissue bridges predict recovery after cervical injury. Neurology. 2019;92(24):e2793–e2802.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith AC, O'Dell DR, Thornton WA, Dungan D, Robinson E, Thaker A, Gisbert R, Weber KA, Berliner JC, Albin SR. Spinal cord tissue bridges validation study: predictive relationships with sensory scores following cervical spinal cord injury. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil. 2022;28(2):111–115.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thornton WA, Marzloff G, Ryder S, Best A, Rasheed K, Coons D, Smith AC. The presence or absence of midsagittal tissue bridges and walking: a retrospective cohort study in spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 2023;61(8):436–440. doi:10.1038/s41393-023-00890-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simpson LA, Eng JJ, Hsieh JT. Wolfe, the Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Evidence Research Team DL. The health and life priorities of individuals with spinal cord injury: a systematic review. J Neurotrauma. 2012;29(8):1548–1555.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson KD. Targeting recovery: priorities of the spinal cord-injured population. J Neurotrauma. 2004;21(10):1371–1383.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ditunno P, Patrick M, Stineman M, Ditunno J. Who wants to walk? Preferences for recovery after SCI: a longitudinal and cross-sectional study. Spinal Cord. 2008;46(7):500–506.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whalley Hammell K. Quality of life after spinal cord injury: a meta-synthesis of qualitative findings. Spinal Cord. 2007;45(2):124–139.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Leeuwen CM, Post MW, Van Asbeck FW, Bongers-Janssen HM, Van Der Woude LH, De Groot S, Lindeman E. Life satisfaction in people with spinal cord injury during the first five years after discharge from inpatient rehabilitation. Disabil Rehabil. 2012;34(1):76–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laman H, Lankhorst G. Subjective weighting of disability: an approach to quality of life assessment in rehabilitation. Disabil Rehabil. 1994;16(4):198–204.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson K, Fridén J, Lieber R. Acceptable benefits and risks associated with surgically improving arm function in individuals living with cervical spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 2009;47(4):334–338.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pavese C, Bachmann LM, Schubert M, Curt A, Mehnert U, Schneider MP, Scivoletto G, Finazzi Agrò E, Maier D, Abel R, et al. Bowel outcome prediction after traumatic spinal cord injury: Longitudinal cohort study. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2019;33(11):902–910.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan O, Badhiwala JH, Fehlings MG. Prediction of independence in bowel function after spinal cord injury: validation of a logistic regression model. Spinal Cord. 2021;59(2):207–214.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keith RA, Granger CV, Hamilton BB, Sherwin FS. The functional independence measure; a new tool for rehabilitation. Adv Clin Rehabil. 1987;1:6–18.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hall KM, Cohen ME, Wright J, Call M, Werner P. Characteristics of the functional independence measure in traumatic spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1999;80(11):1471–1476.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith AC, Weber KA, Parrish TB, Hornby TG, Tysseling VM, McPherson JG, Wasielewski M, Elliott JM. Ambulatory function in motor incomplete spinal cord injury: a magnetic resonance imaging study of spinal cord edema and lower extremity muscle morphometry. Spinal Cord. 2017;55(7):672–678.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cummins DP, Connor JR, Heller KA, Hubert JS, Kates MJ, Wisniewski KR, Berliner JC, O'Dell DR, Elliott JM, Weber KA, et al. Establishing the inter-rater reliability of spinal cord damage manual measurement using magnetic resonance imaging. Spinal Cord Ser Cases. 2019;5(1):20.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rupp R, Biering-Sørensen F, Burns SP, Graves DE, Guest J, Jones L, Read MS, Rodriguez GM, Schuld C, Tansey-Md KE, et al. International standards for neurological classification of spinal cord injury: revised 2019. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil. 2021;27(2):1–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Granger CV, Hamilton BB, Linacre JM, Heinemann AW, Wright BD. Performance profiles of the functional independence measure. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 1993;72(2):84–89.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson JR, Grossman RG, Frankowski RF, Kiss A, Davis AM, Kulkarni AV, Harrop JS, Aarabi B, Vaccaro A, Tator CH, et al. A clinical prediction model for long-term functional outcome after traumatic spinal cord injury based on acute clinical and imaging factors. J Neurotrauma. 2012;29(13):2263–2271.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen J, Marino R, Sacco P, Terrin N. Association between the functional independence measure following spinal cord injury and long-term outcomes. Spinal Cord. 2012;50(10):728–733.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belliveau T, Jette AM, Seetharama S, Axt J, Rosenblum D, Larose D, Houlihan B, Slavin M, Larose C. Developing artificial neural network models to predict functioning one year after traumatic spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2016;97(10):1663–1668.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slocum C, Shea C, Goldstein R, Zafonte R. Early trauma indicators and rehabilitation outcomes in traumatic spinal cord injury. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil. 2020;26(4):253–260.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saboe LA, Darrah JM, Pain KS, Guthrie J. Early predictors of functional independence 2 years after spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1997;78(6):644–650.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pavese C, Schneider MP, Schubert M, Curt A, Scivoletto G, Finazzi-Agrò E, Mehnert U, Maier D, Abel R, Röhrich F, et al. Prediction of bladder outcomes after traumatic spinal cord injury: a longitudinal cohort study. PLoS Med. 2016;13(6):e1002041.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rutges JP, Kwon BK, Heran M, Ailon T, Street JT, Dvorak MF. A prospective serial MRI study following acute traumatic cervical spinal cord injury. Eur Spine J. 2017;26:2324–2332.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center. Facts and figures at a glance. Birmingham (AL): University of Alabama at Birmingham; 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Enamundram NK, Valosek J, Smith AC, Pfyffer D, Schading-Sassenhausen S, Farner L, Weber II KA, Freund P, Cohen-Adad J. SCIseg: automatic segmentation of T2-weighted hyperintense lesions in spinal cord injury. medRxiv. 2024:2024.01.03.24300794. doi:10.1101/2024.01.03.24300794.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar