High glucose induces alternative activation of macrophages via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway

References

• Biswas SK, Mantovani A. Macrophage plasticity and interaction with lymphocyte subsets: cancer as a paradigm. Nat Immunol 2010;11:889–96.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordon S, Martinez FO. Alternative activation of macrophages: mechanism and functions. Immunity 2010;32:593–604.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sica A, Bronte V. Altered macrophage differentiation and immune dysfunction in tumor development. J Clin Invest 2007;117:1155–66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Dyken SJ, Locksley RM. Interleukin-4- and interleukin-13-mediated alternatively activated macrophages: roles in homeostasis and disease. Annu Rev Immunol 2013;31:317–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mosser DM, Edwards JP. Exploring the full spectrum of macrophage activation. Nat Rev Immunol 2008;8:958–69.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordon S. Alternative activation of macrophages. Nat Rev Immunol 2003;3:23–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinez FO, Helming L, Gordon S. Alternative activation of macrophages: an immunologic functional perspective. Annu Rev Immunol 2009;27:451–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stein M, Keshav S, Harris N, et al. Interleukin 4 potently enhances murine macrophage mannose receptor activity: a marker of alternative immunologic macrophage activation. J Exp Med 1992;176:287–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mantovani A, Sozzani S, Locati M, et al. Macrophage polarization: tumor-associated macrophages as a paradigm for polarized M2 mononuclear phagocytes. Trends Immunol 2002;23:549–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Odegaard JI, Chawla A. Alternative macrophage activation and metabolism. Annu Rev Pathol 2011;6:275–97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mishra BB, Gundra UM, Teale JM. STAT6-/-mice exhibit decreased cells with alternatively activated macrophage phenotypes and enhanced disease severity in murine neurocysticercosis. J Neuroimmunol 2011;232:26–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gong D, Shi W, Yi SJ, et al. TGFbeta signaling plays a critical role in promoting alternative macrophage activation. BMC Immunol 2012;13:31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacKinnon AC, Farnworth SL, Hodkinson PS, et al. Regulation of alternative macrophage activation by galectin-3. J Immunol 2008;180:2650–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruckerl D, Jenkins SJ, Laqtom NN, et al. Induction of IL-4Rα-dependent microRNAs identifies PI3K/Akt signaling as essential for IL-4-driven murine macrophage proliferation in vivo. Blood 2012;120:2307–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy BS, Sundareshan V, Cory TJ, et al. Azithromycin alters macrophage phenotype. J Antimicrob Chemother 2008;61:554–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tiemessen MM, Jagger AL, Evans HG, et al. CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3+ regulatory T cells induce alternative activation of human monocytes/macrophages. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007;104:19446–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu G, Ma H, Qiu L, et al. Phenotypic and functional switch of macrophages induced by regulatory CD4 + CD25+ T cells in mice. Immunol Cell Biol 2011;89:130–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang J, Jiang ZP, Su N, et al. The role of peritoneal alternatively activated macrophages in the process of peritoneal fibrosis related to peritoneal dialysis. Int J Mol Sci 2013;14:10369–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinez FO, Gordon S. The M1 and M2 paradigm of macrophage activation: time for reassessment. F1000Prime Rep 2014;6:13.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Welch JS, Escoubet-Lozach L, Sykes DB, et al. TH2 cytokines and allergic challenge induce Ym1 expression in macrophages by a STAT6-dependent mechanism. J Biol Chem 2002;277:42821–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amantea D, Certo M, Petrelli F, et al. Azithromycin protects mice against ischemic stroke injury by promoting macrophage transition towards M2 phenotype. Exp Neurol 2016;275:116–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang B, Bailey WM, Kopper TJ, et al. Azithromycin drives alternative macrophage activation and improves recovery and tissue sparing in contusion spinal cord injury. J Neuroinflamm 2015;12:218.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou K, Zhong Q, Wang YC, et al. Regulatory T cells ameliorate intracerebral hemorrhage-induced inflammatory injury by modulating microglia/macrophage polarization through the IL-10/GSK3beta/PTEN axis. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017;37:967–79.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang XL, Guo YF, Song ZX, et al. Vitamin D prevents podocyte injury via regulation of macrophage M1/M2 phenotype in diabetic nephropathy rats. Endocrinology 2014;155:4939–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang X, Zhou M, Guo Y, et al. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 promotes high glucose-induced M1 macrophage switching to M2 via the VDR-PPARγ signaling pathway. Biomed Res Int 2015;2015:157834.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torres-Castro I, Arroyo-Camarena UD, Martinez-Reyes CP, et al. Human monocytes and macrophages undergo M1-type inflammatory polarization in response to high levels of glucose. Immunol Lett 2016;176:81–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shao YX, Xu XX, Li YY, et al. Paeoniflorin inhibits high glucose-induced macrophage activation through TLR2-dependent signal pathways. J Ethnopharmacol 2016;193:377–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng CI, Chen PH, Lin YC, et al. High glucose activates Raw264.7 macrophages through RhoA kinase-mediated signaling pathway. Cell Signal 2015;27:283–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Novak R, Dabelic S, Dumic J. Galectin-1 and galectin-3 expression profiles in classically and alternatively activated human macrophages. Biochim Biophys Acta 2012;1820:1383–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dong S, Hughes RC. Macrophage surface glycoproteins binding to galectin-3 (Mac-2-antigen). Glycoconj J 1997;14:267–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar