Validation of a pre-existing safety climate scale for the Turkish furniture manufacturing industry

References

• Social Security Institution. 2015 statistical yearbook. Ankara: Minister of Labor and Social Security; 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Dong XS, Fujimoto A, Ringen K, et al. Injury underreporting among small establishments in the construction industry. Am J Ind Med. 2011;54(5):339–349. doi: 10.1002/ajim.20928
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holte KA, Kjestveit K, Lipscomb HJ. Company size and differences in injury prevalence among apprentices in building and construction in Norway. Saf Sci. 2015;71:205–212. doi:doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2014.01.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rappin CL, Wuellner SE, Bonauto DK. Employer reasons for failing to report eligible workers’ compensation claims in the BLS survey of occupational injuries and illnesses. Am J Ind Med. 2016;59(5):343–356. doi:doi: 10.1002/ajim.22582
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brauer RL. Safety and health for engineers. 3rd ed. Hoboken (NJ): Wiley; 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Ericson CA. Hazard analysis techniques for system safety. 2nd ed. Hoboken (NJ): Wiley; 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Zohar D. Safety climate in industrial organizations: theoretical and applied implications. J Appl Psychol. 1980;65(1):96–102. doi:doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.65.1.96
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper MD, Phillips RA. Exploratory analysis of the safety climate and safety behavior relationship. J Safety Res. 2004;35(5):497–512. doi:doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2004.08.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mearns K, Flin R, Fleming M, et al. Human and organisational factors in offshore safety. Sudbury: HSE Books; 1997.
   Google Scholar
• Isla Díaz R, Díaz Cabrera D. Safety climate and attitude as evaluation measures of organizational safety. Accid Anal Prev. 1997;29(5):643–650. doi: 10.1016/S0001-4575(97)00015-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varonen U, Mattila M. The safety climate and its relationship to safety practices, safety of the work environment and occupational accidents in eight wood-processing companies. Accid Anal Prev. 2000;32(6):761–769. doi:doi: 10.1016/S0001-4575(99)00129-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dedobbeleer N, Béland F. A safety climate measure for construction sites. J Safety Res. 1991;22(2):97–103. doi:doi: 10.1016/0022-4375(91)90017-P
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillen M, Baltz D, Gassel M, et al. Perceived safety climate, job demands, and coworker support among union and nonunion injured construction workers. J Safety Res. 2002;33(1):33–51. doi: 10.1016/S0022-4375(02)00002-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofmann DA, Stetzer A. A cross-level investigation of factors influencıng unsafe behaviors and accidents. Pers Psychol. 1996;49(2):307–339. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-6570.1996.tb01802.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mearns K, Whitaker SM, Flin R. Safety climate, safety management practice and safety performance in offshore environments. Saf Sci. 2003;41(8):641–680. doi:doi: 10.1016/S0925-7535(02)00011-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mearns K, Flin R, Gordon R, et al. Measuring safety climate on offshore installations. Work Stress. 1998;12(3):238–254. doi:doi: 10.1080/02678379808256864
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zohar D, Luria G. A multilevel model of safety climate: cross-level relationships between organization and group-level climates. J Appl Psychol. 2005;90(4):616–628. doi:doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.90.4.616
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vredenburgh AG. Organizational safety: which management practices are most effective in reducing employee injury rates? J Safety Res. 2002;33(2):259–276. doi: 10.1016/S0022-4375(02)00016-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffin MA, Neal A. Perceptions of safety at work: a framework for linking safety climate to safety performance, knowledge, and motivation. J Occup Health Psychol. 2000;5(3):347–358. doi:doi: 10.1037/1076-8998.5.3.347
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wills AR, Watson BC, Biggs HC. The relative influence of fleet safety climate on work-related driver safety. Paper presented at: Australasian Road Safety Research, Policing and Education Conference; 2004 Nov 14–16; Perth, WA.
   Google Scholar
• Dejoy DM, Murphy LR, Gershon RM. The influence of employee, job/task, and organizational factors on adherence to universal precautions among nurses. Int J Ind Ergon. 1995;16(1):43–55. doi:doi: 10.1016/0169-8141(94)00075-E
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pousette A, Larsson S, Törner M. Safety climate cross-validation, strength and prediction of safety behaviour. Saf Sci. 2008;46(3):398–404. doi:doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2007.06.016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siu O-l, Phillips DR, Leung T-w. Safety climate and safety performance among construction workers in Hong Kong. Accid Anal Prev. 2004;36(3):359–366. doi: 10.1016/S0001-4575(03)00016-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simard M, Marchand A. The behaviour of first-line supervisors in accident prevention and effectiveness in occupational safety. Saf Sci. 1994;17(3):169–185. doi:doi: 10.1016/0925-7535(94)90010-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans B, Glendon AI, Creed PA. Development and initial validation of an aviation safety climate scale. J Safety Res. 2007;38(6):675–682. doi:doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2007.09.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cox S, Cox T. The structure of employee attitudes to safety: a European example. Work Stress. 1991;5(2):93–106. doi:doi: 10.1080/02678379108257007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yule S, Flin R, Murdy A. The role of management and safety climate in preventing risk-taking at work. Int J Risk Assess Manag. 2007;7(2):137–151. doi: 10.1504/IJRAM.2007.011727
   Google Scholar
• Lee T, Harrison K. Assessing safety culture in nuclear power stations. Saf Sci. 2000;34(1–3):61–97. doi: 10.1016/S0925-7535(00)00007-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rundmo T. Associations between safety and contingency measures and occupational accidents on offshore petroleum platforms. Scand J Work Environ Health. 1994;20(2):128–131. doi:doi: 10.5271/sjweh.1421
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hahn SE, Murphy LR. A short scale for measuring safety climate. Saf Sci. 2008;46(7):1047–1066. doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2007.06.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donald I, Canter D. Employee attitudes and safety in the chemical industry. J Loss Prev Process Ind. 1994;7(3):203–208. doi:doi: 10.1016/0950-4230(94)80067-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coyle IR, Sleeman SD, Adams N. Safety climate. J Safety Res. 1995;26(4):247–254. doi: 10.1016/0022-4375(95)00020-Q
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bodur S, Filiz E. A survey on patient safety culture in primary healthcare services in Turkey. Int J Qual Health Care. 2009;21(5):348–355. doi:doi: 10.1093/intqhc/mzp035
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bodur S, Filiz E. Validity and reliability of Turkish version of ‘Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture’ and perception of patient safety in public hospitals in Turkey. BMC Health Serv Res. 2010;10:1678. doi: 10.1186/1472-6963-10-28
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dikmetas Yardan E, Koksal F, Yardan T. Surveying the level of occupational safety perception of nurses in a hospital. In: Sencan I, Guler H, Ozturk A, editors. Proceedings of the 4th International Congress for Performance and Quality of Healthcare (Volume 2); 2013 May 1–3; Ankara. Ankara: Pozitif Matbaa; 2013. p. 25–36.
   Google Scholar
• Kaya S, Barsbay S, Karabulut E. The Turkish version of the safety attitudes questionnaire: psychometric properties and baseline data. Qual Saf Health Care. 2010;19(6):572–577.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schaefer JA, Moos RH. Effects of work stressors and work climate on long-term care staff’s job morale and functioning. Res Nurs Health. 1996;19(1):63–73. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-240X(199602)19:1<63::AID-NUR7>3.0.CO;2-J
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glendon AI, Litherland DK. Safety climate factors, group differences and safety behaviour in road construction. Saf Sci. 2001;39(3):157–188. doi: 10.1016/S0925-7535(01)00006-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mattila M, Rantanen E, Hyttinen M. The quality of work environment, supervision and safety in building construction. Saf Sci. 1994;17(4):257–268. doi: 10.1016/0925-7535(94)90027-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Q, Ji C, Yuan J, et al. Developing dimensions and key indicators for the safety climate within China’s construction teams: a questionnaire survey on construction sites in Nanjing. Saf Sci. 2017;93:266–276. doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2016.11.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zahoor H, Chan APC, Utama WP, et al. Modeling the relationship between safety climate and safety performance in a developing construction industry: a cross-cultural validation study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017;14(4):351. doi:doi: 10.3390/ijerph14040351
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niskanen T. Safety climate in the road administration. Saf Sci. 1994;17(4):237–255. doi: 10.1016/0925-7535(94)90026-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arcury TA, O’Hara H, Grzywacz JG, et al. Work safety climate, musculoskeletal discomfort, working while injured, and depression among migrant farmworkers in North Carolina. Am J Public Health. 2012;102 Suppl 2:S272–S278. doi:doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2011.300597
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Öz B, Özkan T, Lajunen T. An investigation of the relationship between organizational climate and professional drivers’ driver behaviours. Saf Sci. 2010;48(10):1484–1489. doi:doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2010.07.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atay F. Endüstri alanında çalışan bireylerin iş doyumu düzeylerinin iş güvenliği algıları açısından incelenmesi [The investigation of industrial workers’ work satisfaction levels from the of view of workers’ organizational safety] [master’s thesis]. Sakarya: Sakarya University; 2006. Turkish.
   Google Scholar
• Williamson AM, Feyer A-M, Cairns D, et al. The development of a measure of safety climate: the role of safety perceptions and attitudes. Saf Sci. 1997;25(1–3):15–27. doi:doi: 10.1016/S0925-7535(97)00020-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bahari SF, Clarke S. Cross-validation of an employee safety climate model in Malaysia. J Safety Res. 2013;45:1–6. doi:doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2012.12.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghahramani A, Khalkhali HR. Development and validation of a safety climate scale for manufacturing industry. Saf Health Work. 2015;6(2):97–103. doi: 10.1016/j.shaw.2015.01.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodrigues MA, Arezes PM, Leão CP. Safety climate and its relationship with furniture companies’ safety performance and workers’ risk acceptance. Theor Issues Ergon Sci. 2015;16(4):412–428. doi:doi: 10.1080/1463922X.2014.1003991
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodrigues MA, Arezes PM, Leão CP. Risk acceptance in the furniture sector: analysis of acceptance level and relevant influence factors. Hum Ecol Risk Assess. 2015;21(5):1361–1378. doi:doi: 10.1080/10807039.2014.957949
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodrigues MA, Arezes PM, Leão CP. Multilevel model of safety climate for furniture industries. Work. 2015;51(3):557–570. doi:doi: 10.3233/WOR-152010
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brondino M, Silva SA, Pasini M. Multilevel approach to organizational and group safety climate and safety performance: co-workers as the missing link. Saf Sci. 2012;50(9):1847–1856. doi:doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2012.04.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown RL, Holmes H. The use of a factor-analytic procedure for assessing the validity of an employee safety climate model. Accid Anal Prev. 1986;18(6):455–470. doi:doi: 10.1016/0001-4575(86)90019-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milijić N, Mihajlović I, Nikolić D, et al. Multicriteria analysis of safety climate measurements at workplaces in production industries in Serbia. Int J Ind Ergon. 2014;44(4):510–519. doi:doi: 10.1016/j.ergon.2014.03.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milijic N, Mihajlovic I, Strbac N, et al. Developing a questionnaire for measuring safety climate in the workplace in Serbia. Int J Occup Saf Ergon. 2013;19(4):631–645. doi:doi: 10.1080/10803548.2013.11077020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuzuner VL, Ozaslan BO. A research based on the evaluation of occupational safety and health applications in hospitals. Istanbul Univ J Sch Bus Adm. 2011;40(2):138–154.
   Google Scholar
• Sadullah O, Kanten S. A research on the effect of organizational safety climate upon the safe behaviors. Ege Acad Rev. 2009;9(3):923–932.
   Google Scholar
• Huang Y-H, Ho M, Smith GS, et al. Safety climate and self-reported injury: assessing the mediating role of employee safety control. Accid Anal Prev. 2006;38(3):425–433. doi:doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2005.07.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lei P-W, Wu Q. Introduction to structural equation modeling: issues and practical considerations. Educ Meas Issues Pract. 2007;26(3):33–43. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-3992.2007.00099.x
   Google Scholar
• Hu L-T, Bentler PM. Evaluating model fit. In: Hoyle RH, editor. Structural equation modeling: concepts, issues, and applications. London: SAGE; 1995. p. 76–99.
   Google Scholar
• Schermelleh-Engel K, Moosbrugger H, Müller H. Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods Psychol Res. 2003;8(2):23–74.
   Google Scholar
• Kline RB. Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. 2nd ed. New York (NY): Guilford Press; 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Wheaton B, Muthen B, Alwin DF, et al. Assessing reliability and stability in panel models. Sociol Methodol. 1977;8:84–136. doi:doi: 10.2307/270754
   Google Scholar
• Kelloway EK. Using LISREL for structural equation modeling: a researcher’s guide. Thousand Oaks (CA): SAGE; 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Diamantopoulos A, Siguaw JA. Introducing Lisrel: a guide for the uninitiated. London (UK): SAGE; 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Arbuckle JL. Amos 22.0 user’s guide. Chicago (IL): IBM SPSS; 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Browne MW, Cudeck R. Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In: Bollen KA, Long JS, editors. Testing structural equation models. Newbury Park (CA): SAGE; 1993. p. 136–162.
   Google Scholar
• MacCallum RC, Browne MW, Sugawara HM. Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling. Psychol Methods. 1996;1(2):130–149. doi:doi: 10.1037/1082-989X.1.2.130
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hair JF, Black WC, Babin BJ. Multivariate data analysis: a global perspective. Upper Saddle River (NJ): Pearson Education; 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Mulaik SA, James LR, Van Alstine J, et al. Evaluation of goodness-of-fit indices for structural equation models. Psychol Bull. 1989;105(3):430–445. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.105.3.430
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spector PE, Van Katwyk PT, Brannick MT, et al. When two factors don’t reflect two constructs: how item characteristics can produce artifactual factors. J Manag. 1997;23(5):659–677.
   Google Scholar
• Spector PE, Liu C, Sanchez JI. Methodological and substantive issues in conducting multinational and cross-cultural research. Annu Rev Organ Psychol and Organ Behav. 2015;2(1):101–131. doi: 10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032414-111310
   Google Scholar
• Loewenthal K, Lewis CA. An introduction to psychological tests and scales. 2nd ed. New York (NY): Taylor & Francis; 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Beus JM, Payne SC, Bergman ME, et al. Safety climate and injuries: an examination of theoretical and empirical relationships. J Appl Psychol. 2010;95(4):713–727. doi:doi: 10.1037/a0019164
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guldenmund FW. The use of questionnaires in safety culture research – an evaluation. Saf Sci. 2007;45(6):723–743. doi:doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2007.04.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar