1,085
Views
70
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Scholarly Reviews

Production and Toxicity of the Marine Biotoxin Domoic Acid and Its Effects on Wildlife: A Review

, , , &
Pages 544-567 | Received 11 Jun 2007, Accepted 06 Sep 2007, Published online: 04 Jun 2008

REFERENCES

  • Anderson , C R , Brzezinski , M A Washburn , L . 2006 . Circulation and environmental conditions during a toxigenic Pseudo-nitzschia bloom in the Santa Barbara Channel, California . Mar Ecol Prog Ser , 327 : 119 – 33 .
  • Baker , A deC , Boden , B P and Brinton , E . 1990 . A Practical Guide of the Euphausiids of the World , 96 London, UK : British Museum of Natural History .
  • Bargu , S , Powell , C L Coale , S L . 2002 . Krill: A potential vector for domoic acid in marine food webs . Mar Ecol Prog Ser , 237 : 209 – 16 .
  • Bargu , S , Levebvre , K and Silver , M W . 2006 . Effect of dissolved domoic acid on the grazing rate of krill Euphasia pacifica . Mar Ecol Prog Ser , 312 : 169 – 75 .
  • Bates , S S . 1998 . “ Ecophysiology and metabolism of ASP toxin production ” . In Physiological Ecology of Harmful Algal Blooms , Edited by: Anderson , D M , Cembella , A D and Hallegraeff , G M . 405 – 26 . New York, NY, , USA : Springer-Verlag .
  • Bates , S S . 2000 . Domoic acid producing diatoms: Another genus added! . J Phycology , 36 : 978 – 83 .
  • Bates , S S and Trainer , V L . 2006 . “ The ecology of harmful diatoms ” . In Ecology of Harmful , Edited by: Granéli , E and Turner , J . Heidelberg, , Germany : Springer-Verlag .
  • Bates , S S , Douglas , D J Doucette , G J . 1995 . Enhancement of domoic acid production by reintroducing bacteria to axenic cultures of the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia multiserics . Nat Toxins , 3 : 428 – 35 .
  • Bates , S S , Garrison , D L and Horner , R A . 1998 . “ Bloom dynamics and physiology of domoic-acid-producing Pseudo-nitzschia species ” . In Physiological Ecology of Harmful Algal Blooms , Edited by: Anderson , D M , Cembella , A D and Hallegraeff , G M . 267 – 92 . New York, NY, , USA : Springer-Verlag .
  • Bates , S S , Gaudet , J Kaczmarska , I . 2004 . Interaction between bacteria and the domoic-acid-producing diatom Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries (Hasle) Hasle: Can bacteria produce domoic acid autonomously? . Harmful Algae , 3 : 11 – 20 .
  • Baugh , K , Bush , J Bill , B . 2006 . Estimates of specific toxicity in several Pseudo-nitzschia species from the Washington coast, based on culture and field studies . Afr J Mar Sci , 28 : 403 – 7 .
  • Bejarano , A C , Schwacke , L H Gulland , F M . 2007 . Exposure assessment of the biotoxin domoic acid in California sea lions: Application of a probabilistic bioenergetic model . Mar Ecol Prog Ser , 345 : 293 – 304 .
  • Berman , F W and Murray , T F . 1997 . Domoic acid neurotoxicity in cultured cerebellar granule neurons is mediated predominantly by NMDA receptors that are activated as a consequence of excitatory amino acid release . J Neurochem , 69 : 693 – 703 .
  • Berman , F W , LePage , K T and Murray , T F . 2002 . Domoic acid neurotoxicity in cultured cerebellar granule neurons is controlled preferentially by the NMDA receptor Ca(2+) influx pathway . Brain Res , 924 : 20 – 9 .
  • Brodie , E , Gulland , F MD Greig , D . 2006 . Domoic acid causes reproductive failure in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) . Mar Mam Sci , 22 : 700 – 7 .
  • Butler , P J and Jones , D R . 1997 . Physiology of diving birds and mammals . Physiol Rev , 77 : 837 – 9 .
  • CDHS (California Department of Health Services) . April–June 2000 . April–June , Berkeley, CA, , USA Monthly Marine Biotoxin Report
  • CDHS . 2002 . Berkeley, CA, , USA Marine Biotoxin Monitoring Program: Annual Report
  • CDHS . 2005 . Berkeley, CA, , USA Marine Biotoxin Monitoring Program: Annual Report 2005
  • Chavez , F P , Ryan , J Lluch-Cota , S E . 2003 . From anchovies to sardines and back: Multidecadal change in the Pacific Ocean . Science , 299 : 217 – 21 .
  • Clarke , M R and Pascoe , P L . 1985 . The stomach contents of Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus) stranded at Thurlestone, south Devon . J Mar Biol Assoc UK , 65 : 663 – 5 .
  • Costa , P R , Rodrigues , S M Botelho , M J . 2003 . A potential vector of domoic acid: The swimming crab Polybius henslowii Leach (Decapoda-brachyura) . Toxicon , 42 : 135 – 41 .
  • Costa , P R , Rosa , R and Sampayo , M AM . 2004 . Tissue distribution of the amnesic shellfish toxin, domoic acid, in Octopus vulgaris from the Portuguese coast . Mar Biol , 144 : 971 – 76 .
  • Costa , P R , Rosa , R Duarte-Silva , A . 2005a . Accumulation, transformation and tissue distribution of domoic acid, the amnesic shellfish poisoning toxin, in the common cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis . Aquat Toxicol , 74 : 82 – 91 .
  • Costa , P R , Rosa , R Pereira , J . 2005b . Detection of domoic acid, the amnesic shellfish toxin, in the digestive gland of Eledone cirrhosa and E. moschata (Cephalopoda, Octopoda) from the Portuguese coast . Aquat Liv Res , 18 : 395 – 400 .
  • Coyle , J T and Puttfarcken , P . 1993 . Oxidative stress, glutamate, and neurodegenerative disorders . Science , 262 : 689 – 95 .
  • Dakshinamurti , K , Sharma , S K Sundaram , M . 1993 . Hippocampal changes in developing postnatal mice following intrauterine exposure to domoic acid . J Neurosci , 13 : 4456 – 95 .
  • Debonnel , G , Beauchesne , L and Montigny de , C. 1989 . Domoic acid, the alleged “mussel toxin,” might produce its neurotoxic effect through kainate receptor activation: An electrophysiological study in the dorsal hippocampus . Can J Physiol Pharmacol , 67 : 29 – 33 .
  • DeLong , R L , Gilmartin , W G and Simpson , J G . 1973 . Premature births in California sea lions: Association with high organochlorine pollutant residue levels . Science , 181 : 1168 – 70 .
  • Doucette , T A , Bernard , P B Husum , H . 2004 . Low doses of domoic acid during postnatal development produce permanent changes in rat behaviour and hippocampal morphology . Neurotox Res , 6 : 555 – 63 .
  • Doucette , G J , Cembella , A D Martin , J L . 2006 . Exposure of North Atlantic Right Whales to Multiple Algal Biotoxins: The Proof is in the Poop! Annual Meeting of the North Atlantic Right Whale Consortium New Bedford, MA, , USA
  • Douglas , D J , Ramsey , U P Walter , J . 1992 . Biosynthesis of the neurotoxin domoic acid by the marine diatom Nitzschia pungens forma multiseries, determined with [[13]C]-labelled precursors and nuclear magnetic resonance . J Chem Soc Chem Comm , 9 : 714 – 6 .
  • Fariña , A C , Freire , J and González-Gurriarán , E . 1997 . Megabentic decapod crustacean assemblages on the Galician continental shelf and upper slope (north-west Spain) . Mar Biol , 127 : 419 – 34 .
  • Ferdin , M E , Kvitek , R G Bretz , C K . 2002 . Emerita analoga (Stimpson)—Possible new indicator species for the phycotoxin domoic acid in California coastal waters . Toxicon , 40 : 1259 – 65 .
  • Francis , J M and Heath , C B . 1991 . “ Population abundance, pup mortality, and copulation frequency in the California sea lion in relation to the 1983 El Niño on San Nicolas Island ” . In Pinnipeds and El Niño: Responses to Environmental Stress , Edited by: Trillmich , F and Ono , K A . 271 – 88 . Berlin, , Germany : Springer-Verlag .
  • Fritz , L , Quilliam , M A Wright , J LC . 1992 . An outbreak of domoic acid poisoning attributed to the pinnate diatom Pseudo-nitzschia australis . J Phycol , 28 : 439 – 42 .
  • Fuson , A L , Cowan , D F Kanatous , S B . 2003 . Adaptations to diving hypoxia in the heart, kidneys and splanchnic organs of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) . J Exp Biol , 206 : 4139 – 54 .
  • Gill , S S , Mueller , R W McGuire , P F . 2000 . Potential target sites in peripheral tissues for excitatory neurotransmission and excitotoxicity . Toxicol Pathol , 28 : 277 – 84 .
  • Goldstein , T , Gulland , F Langlois , G . Sub-Lethal and Long Term Effects of Exposure to Domoic Acid in Stranded California Sea Lions (Zalophus californianus) . Proceedings of the 16th Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals . San Diego, CA, USA. pp. 109
  • Gulland , F MD . 2000 . “ Domoic Acid Toxicity ” . In California Sea Lions (Zalophus Californianus) Stranded Along The Central California Coast, May–October 1998 , 45 Washington, DC, , USA : US Department of Commerce . Report to the National Marine Fisheries Service Working Group on Unusual Marine Mammal Mortality Events. NOAA Technical Memorandum, NMFS-OPR-17
  • Gulland , F MD , Haulena , M Fauquier , D . 2002 . Domoic acid toxicity in Californian sea lions (Zalophus californianus): Clinical signs, treatment and survival . Vet Rec , 150 : 475 – 8 .
  • Hampson , D R and Manalo , J L . 1998 . The activation of glutamate receptors by kainic acid and domoic acid . Nat Tox , 6 : 153 – 8 .
  • Heyning , J E . 2003 . Washington, DC, , USA : US Department of Commerce . Final Report on Unusual Mortality Event Along the Southern California Coast, 2002. Report to the National Marine Fisheries Service Working Group on Unusual Marine Mammal Mortality Events, NOAA Technical Memorandum
  • Horner , R A , Garrison , D L and Plumley , F G . 1997 . Harmful algal blooms and red tide problems on the U.S. West Coast . Limnol Oceanog , 42 : 1076 – 88 .
  • Jones , T O , Whyte , J NC Ginther , N G . 1995 . Haemocyte changes in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, caused by exposure to domoic acid in the diatom Pseudonitzschia pungens f. multiseries . Toxicon , 33 : 347 – 53 .
  • Kaczmarska , I , Ehrman , J M Bates , S S . 2005 . Diversity and distribution of epibiotic bacteria on Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries in culture, and comparison with those on diatoms in native seawater . Harmful Algae , 4 : 725 – 41 .
  • Kotaki , Y , Koike , K Yoshida , M . 2000 . Domoic acid production in Nitzschia isolated from a shrimp-culture pond in Do Son, Vietnam . J Phycology , 36 : 1057 – 60 .
  • Kreuder , C , Miller , M A Jessup , D A . 2003 . Patterns of mortality in southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) from 1998–2001 . J Wild Dis , 39 : 495 – 509 .
  • Kreuder , C , Miller , M A Lowenstine , L J . 2005 . Evaluation of cardiac lesions and risk factors associated with myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy in southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) . Am J Vet Res , 66 : 289 – 99 .
  • Kudela , R , Cochlan , W and Roberts , A . 2004 . “ Spatial and temporal patterns of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. in central California related regional oceanography ” . In Harmful Algae 2002 , Edited by: Steidinger , K A , Landsberg , J H Tomas , D R . 3347 – 9 . St. Petersburg, FL, , USA : Florida and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Florida Institute of Oceanography, and Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO .
  • Kudela , R , Pitcher , G Figueiras , F . 2005 . Harmful algal blooms in coastal upwelling systems . Oceanography , 18 : 184 – 97 .
  • Lefebvre , K A , Powell , C L Busman , M . 1999 . Detection of domoic acid in northern anchovies and California sea lions associated with an unusual mortality event . Nat Toxins , 7 : 85 – 92 .
  • Lefebvre , K A , Dovel , D L and Silver , M W . 2001 . Tissue distribution and neurotoxic effects of domoic acid in a prominent vector species, the northern anchovy Engraulis mordax . Mar Biol , 138 : 693 – 700 .
  • Lefebvre , K A , Bargu , S Kieckhefer , T . 2002a . From sanddabs to blue whales: The pervasiveness of domoic acid . Toxicon , 40 : 971 – 7 .
  • Lefebvre , K A , Silver , M Coale , S . 2002b . Domoic acid in planktivorous fish in relation to toxic Pseudo-nitzschia cell densities . Mar Biol , 140 : 625 – 31 .
  • Levin , E D , Pizarro , K Pang , W G . 2005 . Persisting behavioral consequences of prenatal domoic acid exposure in rats . Neurotoxicol Teratol , 27 : 719 – 25 .
  • Levin , E D , Pang , W G Harrison , J . 2006 . Persistent neurobehavioral effects of early postnatal domoic acid exposure in rats. Neurotoxicol . Teratol , 28 : 673 – 80 .
  • Lowry , M S and Maravilla-Chavez , O . Recent Abundance of California Sea Lions in Western Baja California, Mexico and the United States . Proceedings of the Sixth California Islands Symposium . Edited by: Garcelon , D K and Schwemm , C A . pp. 485 – 98 . Arcata, CA, , USA : Institute for Wildlife Studies . National Park Service Technical Publication CHIS-05-01
  • Maldonado , M T , Hughes , M P and Rue , E L . 2002 . The effect of Fe and Cu on growth and domoic acid production by Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries and Pseudo-nitzschia australis . Limnol Oceangr , 47 : 515 – 26 .
  • Martin , J L , Haya , K Burridge , L E . 1990 . Nitzschia pseudodelicatissima—A source of domoic acid in the Bay of Fundy, eastern Canada . Mar Ecol Progr Ser , 67 : 177 – 82 .
  • Maucher , J M and Ramsdell , J S . 2005 . Domoic acid transfer to milk: Evaluation of a potential route of neonatal exposure . Environ Health Perspect , 113 : 461 – 4 .
  • Mazet , J , Torres de la Riva , G Gulland , F . 2005 . Marine Mammal Strandings Associated with Toxic Algal Blooms along the California Coastline in 2002 42 Davis, CA, , USA Research Agreement Number DG133F-02-SE-0869
  • Melin , S R . 1995 . Winter and spring attendance patterns of California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) females and pups at San Miguel Island, California, 1991–1994 , MS Thesis 67 Seattle, WA, , USA : University of Washington .
  • Mestel , R . 1995 . Hitch's birds deranged by dodgy anchovies . New Scientist , : 6 1982
  • Mueller , R W , Gill , S S and Pulido , O M . 2003 . The monkey (Macaca fascicularis) heart neural structures and conducting system: An immunochemical study of selected neural biomarkers and glutamate receptors . Toxicol Pathol , 31 : 227 – 34 .
  • Munilla , I . 1997 . Henslow's swimming crab (Polybius henslowii) as an important food for yellow-legged gulls (Larus cachinnans) in NW Spain . ICES J Mar Sci , 54 : 631 – 4 .
  • Nakanishi , S . 1992 . Molecular diversity of glutamate receptors and implications for brain function . Science , 258 : 597 – 602 .
  • NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Service) . 2004 . Silver Spring, MD, , USA Interim Report on the Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) Unusual Mortality Event along the Panhandle of Florida, March–April 2004
  • NMFS . 2005 . Humpback Whale (Megaptera novaeangliae): Gulf of Maine Stock 14 – 23 . Silver Spring, MD, , USA
  • Nettleship , D N , Sanger , G A and Springer , P F . 1984 . Marine birds: Their feeding ecology and commercial fish relationship , 220 Ottawa, , Canada : Ottawa Special Publications Canada Wildlife Service .
  • Pan , Y , Subba Rao , D V Mann , K H . 1996a . Effects of silicate limitation on production of domoic acid, a neurotoxin, by the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries. II. Continuous culture studies . Mar Ecol Prog Ser , 131 : 235 – 43 .
  • Pan , Y , Subba Rao , D V and Mann , K H . 1996b . Changes in domoic acid production and cellular chemical composition of the toxigenic diatom Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries under phosphate limitation . J Phycol , 32 : 371 – 81 .
  • Pan , Y , Parsons , M L Busman , M . 2001 . Pseudo-nitzschia sp. cf. pseudodelicatissima—A confirmed producer of domoic acid from the northern Gulf of Mexico . Mar Ecol Prog Ser , 220 : 83 – 92 .
  • Peery , M Z , Beissinger , S R Burkett . 2006 . Local survival of marbled murrelets in central California: Roles of oceanographic processes, sex and radiotagging . J Wild Man , 70 : 78 – 88 .
  • Peng , Y G and Ramsdell , J S . 1996 . Brain fos induction is a sensitive biomarker for the lowest observed neuroexcitatory effects of domoic acid . Fundam Appl Toxicol , 31 : 162 – 8 .
  • Perl , T M , Bedard , L Kasotsky , T . 1989 . Amnesic shellfish poisoning: A new clinical syndrome due to domoic acid . Canada Diseases Weekly Report , 16 : 7 – 8 .
  • Perl , T M , Bedard , L Kosatsky , T . 1990 . An outbreak of toxic encephalopathy caused by eating mussels contaminated with domoic acid . N Engl J Med , 322 : 1775 – 80 .
  • Powell , C L , Ferdin , M E Busman , M . 2002 . Development of a protocol for determination of domoic acid in the sand crab (Emerita analoga): A possible new indicator species . Toxicon , 40 : 485 – 92 .
  • Ramsdell , J S . 2007 . “ The molecular and integrative basis to domoic acid toxicity ” . In Phycotoxins: Chemistry and Biochemistry , Edited by: Botana , L . 223 – 50 . Cambridge, MA, , USA : Blackwell Publishing Professional .
  • Ross , P S and Birnbaum , L S . 2003 . Integrated human and ecological risk assessment: A case study of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in humans and wildlife . Hum Ecol Risk Assess , 9 : 303 – 24 .
  • Rue , E and Bruland , K . 2001 . Domoic acid binds iron and copper: A possible role for the toxin produced by the marine diatom Pseudo-nitzschia . Mar Chem , 76 : 127 – 34 .
  • Ryan , J P , Chavez , F P and Bellingham , J G . 2005 . Physical-biological coupling in Monterey Bay, California: Topographic influences on phytoplankton ecology . Mar Ecol Prog Ser , 287 : 23 – 32 .
  • Salierno , J D , Snyder , N S Murphy , A Z . 2006 . Harmful algal bloom toxins alter c-Fos protein expression in the brain of killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus. . Aquat Toxicol , 78 : 350 – 7 .
  • Salman , A , Bilecenoglu , M and Güçlüsoy , H . 2001 . Stomach contents of two Mediterranean monk seals (Monachus monachus) from the Aegean Sea Turkey . J Mar Biol Ass UK , 81 : 719 – 20 .
  • Schaffer , P , Reeves , C Casper , D R . 2006 . Absence of neurotoxic effects in leopard sharks, Triakis semifasciata, following domoic acid exposure . Toxicon , 28 : 643 – 57 .
  • Scholin , C A , Gulland , F Doucette , G J . 2000 . Mortality of sea lions along the central California coast linked to a toxic diatom bloom . Nature , 403 : 80 – 4 .
  • Shumway , S E , Allen , S M and Boersma , P D . 2003 . Marine birds and harmful algal blooms: Sporadic victims or under-reported events? . Harmful Algae , 2 : 1 – 17 .
  • Sierra-Beltrán , A P , Palafox-Uribe , M Grajales-Montiel , J . 1997 . Sea bird mortality at Cabo San Lucas, Mexico: Evidence that toxic diatom blooms are spreading . Toxicon , 35 : 447 – 53 .
  • Sierra-Beltrán , A P , Cortés-Altamirano , R Gallo-Reynoso , J P . 2005 . Is Pseudo-nitzschia pseudodelicatissima toxin the principal cause of sardines, dolphins, sea lions and pelicans mortality in 2004 in Mexico? . Harmful Algae Blooms , 29 : 6 – 10 .
  • Silvagni , P A , Lowenstine , L J Spraker , T . 2005 . Pathology of domoic acid toxicity in California Sea lions (Zalophus californianus) . Vet Pathol , 42 : 184 – 91 .
  • Smith , G J , Ladizinsky , N and Miller , P E . Amino acid profiles in species and strains of Pseudo-nitzschia from Monterey Bay California: Insights into the metabolic role(s) of domoic acid . Proc. 9th Intl Conf Harmful Algal Blooms . 2000 . Edited by: Hallegraeff , G M , Blackburn , S I Bolch , C J . pp. 324 – 7 . Paris, , France : Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO . Harmful Algal Blooms
  • Solomon , K R , Giesy , J P Kendall , R J . 2001 . Chlorpyrifos: Ecotoxicological risk assessment for birds and mammals in corn agroecosystems . Hum Ecol Risk Assess , 7 : 497 – 632 .
  • Sommer , B and Seeburg , P H . 1992 . Glutamate receptor channels: Novel properties and new clones . Trends Pharmacol Sci , 13 : 291 – 6 .
  • Torres de la Riva , G , Kreuder Johnson , C Gulland , F . 2007 . Toxic algal blooms associated with marine mammal strandings along the southern California coastline . J Wildlife Disease (in review) ,
  • Trainer , V L , Adams , N G Bill , B D . 2000 . Domoic acid production near California upwelling zones, June 1998 . Limnol Oceanog , 45 : 401 – 40 .
  • Truelove , J , Mueller , R Pulido , O . 1997 . 30-day oral toxicity study of domoic acid in cynomolgus monkeys: Lack of overt toxicity at doses approaching the acute toxic dose . Nat Toxins , 5 : 111 – 4 .
  • Walz , P M , Garrison , D L Graham , W M . 1994 . Domoic acid-producing diatom blooms in the Monterey Bay, California: 1991–1993 . Nat Toxins , 2 : 271 – 9 .
  • Wekell , J C , Gauglitz , E J Barnett , H J . 1994 . The occurrence of domoic acid in razor clams (Siliqua patula), dungeness crab (Cancer magister), and anchovies (Engraulis mordax) . J Shell Res , 13 : 587 – 93 .
  • Wells , M L , Trick , C G Cochlan , W P . 2005 . Domoic acid: The synergy of iron, copper, and the toxicity of diatoms . Limnol Oceanogr , 50 : 1908 – 17 .
  • Work , T M , Barr , B Beale , A M . 1993a . Epidemiology of domoic acid poisoning in brown pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis) and Brandt's cormorants (Phalacrocorax penicillatus) in California . J Zoo Wild Med , 24 : 54 – 62 .
  • Work , T M , Beale , A M Fritz , L . 1993b . “ Domoic acid intoxication of brown pelicans and cormorants in Santa Cruz, California ” . In Toxic Phytoplankton Blooms in the Sea , Edited by: Smayda , T J and Shimizu , Y . 643 – 650 . Amsterdam, The Netherlands : Elsevier .
  • Xi , D and Ramsdell , J S . 1996 . Glutamate receptors and calcium entry mechanisms for domoic acid in hippocampal neurons . NeuroReport , 26 : 1115 – 20 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.