REFERENCES
- AccountAbility. 2011. AA1000 Stakeholder Engagement Standard: Final exposure draft. Available at www.accountability.org/standards/aa1000ses/index.html (accessed June 2014)
- AMPERA (European Concerted Action to Foster Prevention and Best Response to Accidental Marine Pollution). 2007. Risk Communication in Accidental Marine Pollution: Good Practice Guide for an Effective Communication Strategy. AMPERA Publication No. 2. Available at http://www.upf.edu/enoticies/0708/_pdf/ampera.pdf (accessed June 2014)
- Barron G. 2013. Does social media monitoring belong in Planning or PIO? Emergency Management. May 20, 2013. Available at http://www.emergencymgmt.com/emergency-blogs/crisis-comm/Does-social-media-monitoring-052013.html (accessed June 2014)
- Bostrom A. 2005. Risk perception. In: Britt J and Mitcham C (eds), Ethics, Science, Technology, and Engineering: A Global Resource, 2nd ed, pp. 643–645. MacMillan Gale Reference, Independence, KY, USA
- Bostrom A, Fischbeck P, Kucklick JH, et al. 1995. A Mental Models Approach for Preparing Summary Reports on Ecological Issues Related to Dispersant Use. MSRC Technical Report Series 95-019. Marine Spill Response Corporation, Washington, DC, USA
- Bostrom A, Fischbeck P, Kucklick JH, et al. 1997. Ecological Issues in Dispersant Use: Decision-Makers’ Perceptions and Information Needs. Marine Preservation Association, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
- Bostrom A, Bohm G, and O’Connor RE. 2013. Targeting and tailoring climate change communications. WIREs Clim Change 2013. doi:10.1002/wcc.234
- Bostrom A, Joslyn S, Pavia R, et al. 2015a. Methods for communicating the complexity and uncertainty of oil spill response actions and tradeoffs. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 21:631–45
- Bostrom A, Walker AH, Scott T, et al. 2015b. Oil spill response risk judgments, decisions and mental models: Findings from surveying U.S. stakeholders and coastal residents. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 21:581–604
- Buck DA, Trainor JE, and Aguirre BE. 2006. A critical evaluation of the incident command system and NIMS. J Homeland Sec Emer Mgmt 3:19
- Cheong S. 2012. Community adaptation to the Hebei-Spirit oil spill. Ecology and Society 17:26. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.5751/ES-05079-170326 (accessed September 2014)
- Cohn JP. 2008. Citizen science: Can volunteers do real research? BioScience 58:192–7
- Crowe A. 2010. The elephant in the JIC: The fundamental flaw of emergency public information within the NIMS framework. J Homeland Sec Emer Mgmt 7(1): Article 10
- Devine S and Devine T. 2013. Deadly Dispersants in the Gulf: Are Public Health and Environmental Tragedies the New Norm for Oil Spill Cleanups? Government Accountability Project. Available at http://www.whistleblower.org/program-areas/public-health/corexit. Accessed June 2013
- DHS (Department of Homeland Security). 2011. National Preparedness Goal, 1st edit, Washington, DC, . September 2011. Available at http://www.fema.gov/pdf/prepared/npg.pdf
- Edelstein MR. 1988. Contaminated Communities: The Social and Psychological Impacts of Residential Toxic Exposure. Westview, Boulder, CO, USA
- Elwood S, Goodchild MF, and Sui DZ. 2012. Researching volunteered geographic information: spatial data, geographic research, and new social practice. Annls Assoc Am Geographers 102:571–90
- FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency). 2007. Basic Guidance for Public Information Officers (PIOs). National Incident Management System. FEMA 517/November 2007. Washington DC, USA
- FEMA. 2013. The Stafford Act. Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, as Amended. Public Law 93-288, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq
- Fraser B, DeMonchy P, and Murray W. 2012. The Rena volunteer programme. Available at http://www.boprc.govt.nz/media/225011/the_rena_volunteer_programme.pdf
- Greiner AL, Lagasse LP, Neff RA, et al. 2013. Reassuring or risky: The presentation of seafood safety in the aftermath of the British Petroleum Deepwater horizon oil spill. Am J Public Hlth 103:1198–206
- Harrald JR. 2006. Agility and discipline: Critical success factors for disaster response. Annls Am Acad Polit Soc Sci 604:256–72
- HSPD-5 (US Homeland Security Presidential Directive Five). 2003. Management of Domestic Incidents. Available at http://www.dhs.gov/publication/homeland-security-presidential-directive-5 (accessed January 2014)
- Hughes AL and Palen L. 2012. The evolving role of the public information officer: An examination of social media in emergency management. J Homel Secur Emerg 9(1), ISSN (Online)1547-7355. doi:10.1515/1547-7355.1976
- Kasperson JX, Kasperson RE, and Pidgeon N. 2009. The social amplification and attenuation of risk. Annls Am Acad Polit Soc Sci 545:95–105
- Krick T, Forstater M, Monaghan P, et al. 2005. The Stakeholder Engagement Manual. Volume 2. The Practitioner's Handbook on Stakeholder Engagement. AccountAbility, United Nations Environment Programme and Stakeholder Research Associates. Available at www.accountability.org.uk, www.StakeholderResearch.com, www.uneptie.org
- Leschine TM, Pavia R, Walker AH, et al. 2015. What-if scenario modeling to support oil spill preparedness and response decision making. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 21:646–66
- Levine E and Picou JS. 2012. Dispersants and risk communication. Whitepaper, Appendix G, Coastal Response Research Center (CRRC), Research Planning Incorporated, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (N. Kinner and D. Helton, eds). The Future of Dispersant Use in Oil Spill Response Initiative. March 22
- Marsden J. 2013. Stigmergic self-organization and the improvisation of ushahidi. Cognitive Sys Res 21:52–64
- Maynard A. 2010. Nano Dispersants and nano hysteria—Time to think about the science folks! Available at http://2020science.org/2010/05/nano-dispersants-and-nano-hysteria-time-to-think-about-the-science-folks/ (accessed July 2014)
- MNZ (Maritime New Zealand). 2011. Tauranga Incident WebPage: Rena Grounding. Available at http://www.maritimenz.govt.nz/Rena/
- National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling. 2011. Deep Water: The Gulf Oil Disaster and the Future of Offshore Drilling-Report to the President. Available at http://www.oilspillcommission.gov/final-report
- NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 2014a. ERMA (Environmental Response Management Application®). Available at http://gomex.erma.noaa.gov/ (accessed July 2014)
- NOAA. 2014b. Training: Aerial Observation of Oil Spills. Available at http://response.restoration.noaa.gov/training-and-education/training/workshops/aerial-observation-training.html (accessed July 2014)
- NRT (National Response Team). 2012. Use of Volunteers: Guidelines for Oil Spills. Washington DC Available at http://nrt.org/Production/NRT/NRTWeb.nsf/AllAttachmentsByTitle/SA-1080NRT_Use_of_Volunteers_Guidelines_for_Oil_Spills_FINAL_signatures_inserted_Version_28-Sept-2012.pdf/$File/NRT_Use_of_Volunteers_Guidelines_for_Oil_Spills_FINAL_signatures_inserted_Version_28-Sept-2012.pdf?OpenElement
- NRT. 2013. NRT Joint Information Center Model Collaborative Communications during Emergency Response. Washington DC. Available at http://nrt.org/Production/NRT/NRTWeb.nsf/AllAttachmentsByTitle/SA-1087FINAL_NRT_JIC_Model_automated_062013.pdf/$File/FINAL_NRT_JIC_Model_automated_062013.pdf?OpenElement
- Pew. 2010a. Gulf Disaster Continues to Dominate Coverage, Interest News Media Trusted For Information On Oil Leak. June 9, 2010. Pew Research Center for People and the Press. Available at http://www.people-press.org/2010/06/09/news-media-trusted-for-information-on-oil-leak/ (accessed June 2013)
- Pew. 2010b. 100 Days of Gushing Oil – Media Analysis and Quiz. August 25, 2010. Pew Research Center's Project for Excellence in Journalism. Available at http://www.journalism.org/analysis_report/100_days_gushing_oil (accessed June 2013)
- Picou JS. 2009. Disaster recovery as translational applied sociology: Transforming chronic community distress. Humboldt J Soc Relat 32:123–57
- Rowe G and Frewer LJ. 2005. A typology of public engagement mechanisms. Sci Technol Hum Values 30:251–90
- Scientific American. 2014. Citizen science—Scientific American. Scientific American Global RSS. Available at http://www.scientificamerican.com/citizen-science/
- Starbird K, Dailey D, Walker AH, et al. 2015. Social media, public participation and the 2010 BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 21:605–30
- Sutton J, Palen L, and Shklovski I. 2008. Backchannels on the front lines: Emergent use of social media in the 2007 southern California wildfires. Proceedings of the 2008 Conference on Information Systems on Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM). Washington, DC, USA, May 4–7
- Tierney K. 2009. Disaster response: Research findings and their implications for resilience measures. CARRI Research Report 6. Available at http://www.resilientus.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Tierney-20092.pdf (accessed July 2014)
- Tobin M. 2010. North America faces years of toxic oil rain from BP oil spill chemical dispersants. Examiner.com, June 17. Available at http://www.examiner.com/article/north-america-faces-years-of-toxic-oil-rain-from-bp-oil-spill-chemical-dispersants (accessed June 2014)
- Tucker A and O’Brien M. 2011. Volunteers and oil spills—A technical perspective. In: Proceedings of the 2011 International Oil Spill Conference. Portland, OR, USA, May 23–26, pp. 2011–273. Available at http://ioscproceedings.org/doi/pdf/10.7901/2169-3358-2011-1-273
- Tuler SP, Webler T, and Kay R. 2008. Comparing Stakeholders’ Objectives for Oil Spill Response: A Q Study of Four Regions. Social and Environmental Research Institute, Greenfield, MA, USA
- USCG (US Coast Guard). 2004. National Preparedness for Response Exercise Program. Federal Register. Available at https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2004/09/21/04-21137/national-preparedness-for-response-exercise-program-prep (accessed January 2014)
- USCG. 2011. BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Incident Specific Preparedness Review (ISPR). Washington DC. Available at http://www.uscg.mil/foia/docs/dwh/bpdwh.pdf (accessed January 2014)
- USCG. 2014. Incident Management Handbook. Washington, DC. Available at https://homeport.uscg.mil/mycg/portal/ep/home.do (accessed June 2014)
- USEPA. 2011. 40 CFR Part 300. US National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan (NCP). Available at http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title40-vol28/pdf/CFR-2011-title40-vol28-chapI-subchapJ.pdf (accessed January 2014)
- Walker AH. 2012. Integrating risk communications with crisis communications real-time. Interspill 2012, March 14. London, UK
- Walker AH. 2014. Human dimensions of oil spill response and social responsibility: Evolving needs. In: Proceedings of the 2014 International Oil Spill Conference, Savannah, GA, USA, pp. 2159–71. American Petroleum Institute. Washington DC. May 5–7. Available at: www.ioscproceedings.org
- Walker AH, Boyd J, McPeek M, et al. 2013. Community Engagement Guidance for Oil and HNS Incidents. Prepared for Pembrokeshire County Emergency Management, UK and funded by the European Regional Development Fund. SEA Consulting Group, Cape Charles, VA, USA. Available at http://www.arcopol.eu/fichaDocumento.aspx?id=16
- Walker AH, Scholz D, and Ott G. 2014. Local level stakeholder coordination and communications to support oil spill preparedness and response. In: Proceedings of the 2014 International Oil Spill Conference, Savannah, GA, USA, May 5–7, pp. 1172–85. . American Petroleum Institute. Washington DC. Available at www.ioscproceedings.org
- Waugh Jr. WL and Tierney K (eds). 2007. Emergency Management: Principles and Practice for Local Government, ICMA, 2nd edit. Washington, DC, USA
- Webler T, Tuler S, Dow K, et al. 2010. Guidance for Incorporating Human Impacts and Vulnerabilities in Marine Oil Spill Contingency Planning. Report 10-003. Social and Environmental Research Institute, Greenfield, MA, USA