279
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Finding fault with health risk assessment: A typology for risk assessment criticism

&
Pages 203-210 | Received 19 May 2015, Accepted 20 May 2015, Published online: 19 Oct 2015

References

  • Abt E, Rodricks JV, Levy JI, et al. 2010. Science and decisions: Advancing risk assessment. Risk Anal 30(7):1028–36
  • Breyer S. 1993. Breaking the Vicious Circle: Toward Effective Risk Regulation. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, USA
  • Browner C. 1995. Memorandum on the EPA Risk Characterization Program and Attached Policy for Risk Characterization. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, March 21, 1995.
  • Callahan MA and Sexton K. 2007. If cumulative risk assessment is the answer, what is the question? Environ Health Perspect 115(5):799–806
  • Churchill WLS. 1947. Speech to the House of Commons, London England. Available at http://www.quoteland.com/author.asp?AUTHOR_ID=30 (accessed January 12, 2015).
  • Cole LA. 1993. Elements of Risk: The Politics of Radon. Oxford University Press, New York, NY, USA
  • Goldstein BD. 2011. Risk assessment of environmental chemicals: if it ain't broke… Risk Anal 31(9):1356–62
  • Goldstein BD. 2012. John Snow, the Broad Street pump and the precautionary principle. Environ Develop 1:3–9
  • Graham JD and Wiener JB (eds). 1997. Risk vs. Risk: Tradeoffs in Protecting Health and the Environment. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, USA
  • Israel BD. 1995. An environmental justice critique of risk assessment. NY Univ Environ Law J 3:469–522
  • Kuehn RR. 1996. The environmental justice implications of quantitative risk assessment. Univ Ill Law Rev 103–72
  • Linder SH and Sexton K. 2014. A pathway to linking risk and sustainability assessments. Toxics 2(4):533–50
  • Michaels D. 2008. Doubt in Their Product: How Industry's Assault on Science Threatens Your Health. Oxford University Press, New York, NY, USA
  • Montague P. 2004. Reducing the harms associated with risk assessment. Environ Impact Assess Rev 24:733–48
  • NRC (National Research Council). 1983. Risk Assessment in the Federal Government: Managing the Process. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA
  • NRC. 1994. Science and Judgment in Risk Assessment. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA
  • NRC. 1996. Understanding Risk: Informing Decisions in a Democratic Society. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA
  • NRC. 2009a. Science and Decisions: Advancing Risk Assessment. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA
  • NRC. 2009b. Appendix D—Environmental Protection Agency Response to Recommendations from Selected NRC Reports: Policy, Activity, and Practice. In: Science and Decisions: Advancing Risk Assessment. National Academies Press, Washington, DC, USA
  • NRC. 2011. Sustainability and the U.S. EPA. National Academies Press, Washington, DC, USA
  • O'Brien M. 2000. Making Better Environmental Decisions: An Alternative to Risk Assessment. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA
  • PCCRARM (Presidential/Congressional Commission on Risk Assessment and Risk Management). 1997. Framework for Environmental Health Risk Management—Final Report, Vol. 1. Available at http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/cfm/recordisplay.cfm?deid=55006 (accessed April 23, 2015).
  • Rodricks JV. 1992. Calculated Risks: The Toxicity and Human Health Risks of Chemicals in our Environment. Cambridge University Press, New York, NY, USA
  • Sexton K. 1997. Sociodemographic aspects of human susceptibility to toxic chemicals: do class and race matter for realistic risk assessment?. Environ Tox Pharma 4:261–69
  • Sexton K. 2000. Socioeconomic and racial disparities in environmental health: Is risk assessment part of the problem or part of the solution? Human Ecol Risk Ass 6(4):561–74
  • Sexton K. 2013a. Evolution of public participation in the assessment and management of environmental health risks: A brief history of developments in the United States. J Public Health Res 2(2): e18, 106–12
  • Sexton K. 2013b. Risk management guidelines for regulatory decisions about protecting environmental health. Risk, Hazards & Crisis in Public Policy 4(3):179–97
  • Sexton K. 2015. Cumulative health risk assessment: Finding new ideas and escaping from the old ones. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 21:934–951.
  • Sexton K and Adgate JL. 1999. Looking at environmental justice from an environmental health perspective. J Exp Anal Environ Epidemiol 9(1):3–8
  • Sexton K and Linder SH. 2010. The role of cumulative risk assessment in decisions about environmental justice. Int J Environ Res Public Health 7(11):4037–49
  • Sexton K and Linder SH. 2014. Integrated assessment of risk and sustainability in the context of regulatory decision making. Environ Sci Technol 48(3):1409–18
  • Silbergeld EK. 1993. Risk assessment: The perspective and experience of U.S. environmentalists. Environ Health Perspect 101(2):100–4
  • Stahl RG, Guiseppi-Elie A, and Bingman TS. 2005. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's examination of its risk assessment principles and practices: A brief perspective from the regulated community. Integr Environ Assess Manag 1(1):86–92
  • Sterling A. 2007. Risk, precaution and science: Towards a more constructive policy debate. European Molecular Biology Organization 8(4):309–15
  • USEPA. 2004. An Examination of EPA Risk Assessment Principles and Practices. EPA/100/B-04/001. Office of the Science Advisor, Washington DC.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.