201
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Wastewater as a Non-conventional Resource: Impact of Trace Metals and Bacteria on Soil, Plants, and Human Health

ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 2245-2265 | Received 02 Aug 2019, Accepted 19 Sep 2019, Published online: 14 Oct 2019

References

  • Abdel-Azim R, Allam M. 2005. Agricultural drainage water reuse in Egypt: strategic issues and mitigation measures. Non-Convent Water Use: WASAMED Project. 53:105–117.
  • AbdelRahman G, Ahmed M, Marrez D. 2018. Reduction of heavy metals content in contaminated vegetables due to the post-harvest treatments. Egypt J Chem. 61:1031–1037.
  • Amir RM, Randhawa MA, Sajid MW, Nadeem M, Ahmad A, Wattoo FM. 2018. Evaluation of various soaking agents as a novel tool for heavy metal residues mitigation from spinach. Food Sci Technol. 39:176–180.
  • AOAC. 1984. Official methods of analysis, 14th ed. Washington, DC: Association of Official Analytical Chemists.
  • APHA. 2012. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, Vol. 22, 22nd ed. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association.
  • Argudín MÁ, Mendoza MC, Rodicio MR. 2010. Food poisoning and Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins. Toxins (Basel). 2:1751–1773.
  • Arora M, Kiran B, Rani S, Rani A, Kaur B, Mittal N. 2008. Heavy metal accumulation in vegetables irrigated with water from different sources. Food Chem. 111:811–815.
  • Avery B, Bascomb C. 1982. Soil survey laboratory methods, Harpenden (UK): Soil Survey of England and Wales.
  • Ayers RS, Westcot DW. 1985. Water quality for agriculture, Vol. 29. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
  • Baghel VS, Gopal K, Dwivedi S, Tripathi RD. 2005. Bacterial indicators of faecal contamination of the Gangetic river system right at its source. Ecol Indicat. 5:49–56.
  • Balkhair KS. 2016. Microbial contamination of vegetable crop and soil profile in arid regions under controlled application of domestic wastewater. Saudi J Biol Sci. 23:S83–S92.
  • Benti G, Kebede A, Menkir S. 2014. Assessment of bacteriological contaminants of some vegetables irrigated with Awash River water in selected farms around Adama town, Ethiopia. J Microbiol Antimicrob. 6:37–42.
  • Benzater B, Hachemaoui A, Elouissi A, Benaricha B. 2019. The reuse of wastewater in the context of climate change: case of Mascara Wilaya (Algeria). In: Chaminé H., Barbieri M., Kisi O., Chen M., Merkel B. (eds) Advances in sustainable and environmental hydrology, hydrogeology, hydrochemistry and water resources. Springer, Cham. p. 153–156.
  • Beuchat LR. 2002. Ecological factors influencing survival and growth of human pathogens on raw fruits and vegetables. Microb Infect. 4:413–423.
  • Blumenthal UJ, Mara DD, Peasey A, Ruiz-Palacios G, Stott R. 2000. Guidelines for the microbiological quality of treated wastewater used in agriculture: recommendations for revising WHO guidelines. Bull. World Health Organ 78:1104–1116.
  • Cadena M, Durso LM, Miller DN, Waldrip HM, Castleberry BL, Drijber RA, Wortmann C. 2018. Tetracycline and sulfonamide antibiotic resistance genes in soils from Nebraska organic farming operations. Front Microbiol. 9: 1–10.
  • CDC. 2006. Ongoing multistate outbreak of Escherichia coli serotype O157: H7 infections associated with consumption of fresh spinach. Center for Disease Control and Prevention, MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. p. 1–2.
  • CEDARE. 2011. Water use efficiency and economic approach. Plan Bleu UNEP/MAP Regional Activity Centre, Marseille, France.
  • Ceuppens S, Hessel CT, de Quadros Rodrigues R, Bartz S, Tondo EC, Uyttendaele M. 2014. Microbiological quality and safety assessment of lettuce production in Brazil. Int J Food Microbiol. 181:67–76.
  • CLSI. 2009. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteria: informational supplement. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Pennsylvania, USA.
  • Cobbina SJ, Kotochi MC, Korese JK, Akrong MO. 2013. Microbial contamination in vegetables at the farm gate due to irrigation with wastewater in the tamale metropolis of Northern Ghana. J Environ Protect. 4:676–682.
  • Collignon PJ, McEwen SA. 2019. One health – its importance in helping to better control antimicrobial resistance. Trop Med Infect Dis. 4:22.
  • Cui Y-J, Zhu Y-G, Zhai R-H, Chen D-Y, Huang Y-Z, Qiu Y, Liang J-Z. 2004. Transfer of metals from soil to vegetables in an area near a smelter in Nanning, China. Environ Int. 30:785–791.
  • D'Amato RF, Hochstein L. 1982. Evaluation of a rapid inoculum preparation method for agar disk diffusion susceptibility testing. J Clin Microbiol. 15:282–285.
  • de León GS, Leal JAR, Ramírez MJ, Álvarez BL, Santacruz de León EE. 2017. Quality indices of groundwater for agricultural use in the Soconusco, Chiapas, Mexico. Earth Sci Res J. 21:117–127.
  • El Gammal HA, Ali HM. 2011. Commissioning of abandoned drainage water reuse systems in Egypt: a case study of upgrading the Umoum Project, Nile Delta. Irrig Drain. 60:115–122.
  • Erkan ME, Vural A. 2008. Investigation of microbial quality of some leafy green vegetables. J Food Technol. 6:285–288.
  • Ezzat SM, and Elkorashey R. 2012. Omar Bek drain water quality and its impact on Damietta Branch, River Nile-Egypt. American-Eurasian J Agric Environ Sci. 12:472–83
  • FAO. 2005. Rapid assessment study towards integrated planning of irrigation and drainage in Egypt. Final Report. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United States, IPTRID Secretariat Rome.
  • Farrag K, Elbastamy E, Ramadan A. 2016. Health risk assessment of heavy metals in irrigated agricultural crops, El‐Saff wastewater canal, Egypt. Clean Soil Air Water. 44:1174–1183.
  • Gupta N, Khan D, Santra S. 2012. Heavy metal accumulation in vegetables grown in a long-term wastewater-irrigated agricultural land of tropical India. Environ Monit Assess. 184:6673–6682.
  • Harrison F, Browning LE, Vos M, Buckling A. 2006. Cooperation and virulence in acute Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. BMC Biol. 4:21.
  • Hau SJ, Haan JS, Davies PR, Frana T, Nicholson TL. 2018. Antimicrobial resistance distribution differs among methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus sequence type (ST) 5 isolates from health care and agricultural sources. Front Microbiol. 9: 1–11.
  • Heaton JC, Jones K. 2008. Microbial contamination of fruit and vegetables and the behaviour of enteropathogens in the phyllosphere: a review. J Appl Microbiol 104:613–626.
  • Holden N, Pritchard L, Toth I. 2009. Colonization outwith the colon: plants as an alternative environmental reservoir for human pathogenic enterobacteria. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 33:689–703.
  • Humphreys G, Fleck F. 2016. United Nations meeting on antimicrobial resistance. Bull World Health Organ. 94:638.
  • Ibrahim LA, Hammad DM. 2012. Impact of irrigation with treated wastewater on trace elements speciation in soil and their accumulation in plants. The 22nd Conference on Environmental Protection is a Must, Alexandria, Egypt.
  • ICMSF. 1998. Microorganisms in Foods 6: Microbial Ecology of Food Commodities. International Commission on Microbiological Specification for Foods. New York: Blackie Academic & Professional.
  • Itanna F. 1998. Metal concentrations of some vegetables irrigated with industrial liquid waste at Akaki, Ethiopia. SINET Ethiop J Sci. 21:133–144.
  • Jäger T, Hembach N, Elpers C, Wieland A, Alexander J, Hiller C, Krauter G, Schwartz T. 2018. Reduction of antibiotic resistant bacteria during conventional and advanced wastewater treatment, and the disseminated loads released to the environment. Front Microbiol. 9: 1–16.
  • JECFA. 1993. Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants: 41st WHO Technical Report Series 837. Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (Food and Agriculture Organization, World Health Organization), Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_837.pdf.
  • Juang D-F, Morgan JM. 2001. The applicability of the API 20E and API Rapid NFT systems for the identification of bacteria from activated sludge. Electron J Biotechnol. 4:1–2.
  • Kallel M, Belaid N, Ayoub T, Ayadi A, Ksibi M. 2012. Effects of treated wastewater irrigation on soil salinity and sodicity at El Hajeb region (Sfax-Tunisia). J Arid Land Stud. 22:65–68.
  • Karkman A, Pärnänen K, Larsson DJ. 2019. Fecal pollution can explain antibiotic resistance gene abundances in anthropogenically impacted environments. Nat Commun. 10:80.
  • Khan A, Khan S, Khan MA, Qamar Z, Waqas M. 2015. The uptake and bioaccumulation of heavy metals by food plants, their effects on plants nutrients, and associated health risk: a review. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 22:13772–13799.
  • Khan FA, Söderquist B, Jass J. 2019. Prevalence and diversity of antibiotic resistance genes in Swedish aquatic environments impacted by household and hospital wastewater. Front Microbiol. 10:688.
  • Khan S, Cao Q, Zheng Y, Huang Y, Zhu Y. 2008. Health risks of heavy metals in contaminated soils and food crops irrigated with wastewater in Beijing, China. Environ Pollut. 152:686–692.
  • Krumperman PH. 1983. Multiple antibiotic resistance indexing of Escherichia coli to identify high-risk sources of fecal contamination of foods. Appl Environ Microbiol. 46:165–170.
  • Li Y, Wang YB, Gou X, Su Y-b, Wang G. 2006. Risk assessment of heavy metals in soils and vegetables around non-ferrous metals mining and smelting sites, Baiyin, China. J Environ Sci. 18:1124–1134.
  • Méric G, Kemsley EK, Falush D, Saggers EJ, Lucchini S. 2013. Phylogenetic distribution of traits associated with plant colonization in Escherichia coli. Environ Microbiol. 15:487–501.
  • Morales E, Cots F, Sala M, Comas M, Belvis F, Riu M, Salvadó M, Grau S, Horcajada JP, Montero MM. 2012. Hospital costs of nosocomial multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa acquisition. BMC Health Serv Res. 12:122.
  • Mostafa MK, Peters RW. 2016. Effect of changing the effluent path of Omar-Bek drain on the Damietta branch water quality. J Water Resour Protect. 8:20–30.
  • Nascimento C, Xing B. 2006. Phytoextraction: a review on enhanced metal availability and plant accumulation. Sci Agric (Piracicaba, Braz). 63:299–311.
  • Noulas C, Tziouvalekas M, Karyotis T. 2018. Zinc in soils, water and food crops. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 49:252–260.
  • Patle GT, Sikar TT, Rawat KS, Singh SK. 2019. Estimation of infiltration rate from soil properties using regression model for cultivated land. Geol Ecol Landsc. 3:1–13.
  • Rassoul S. 2006. Prospects of water reuse in Egypt. In: Tenth International Water Technology Conference (IWTC10) organized by EWTA, Mansoura University, Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation, and UNESCO Cairo Office in Alexandria, Egypt. p. 562–1 21.
  • Rattan R, Datta S, Chhonkar P, Suribabu K, Singh A. 2005. Long-term impact of irrigation with sewage effluents on heavy metal content in soils, crops and groundwater – a case study. Agric, Ecosyst Environ. 109:310–322.
  • Samadpour M, Roberts M, Kitts C, Mulugeta W, Alfi D, 2005. The use of ribotyping and antibiotic resistance patterns for identification of host sources of Escherichia coli strains. Lett Appl Microbiol. 40:63–68.
  • Sarkar DJ, Mukherjee I, Shakil NA, Rana VS, Kaushik P, Debnath S. 2018. Antibiotics in agriculture: use and impact. Indian Journal of Ethno-Phytopharmaceuticals. 4 (1):4–19
  • Sattar M, Khan M, Khalil A, et al. 2013. Mitigation of heavy metals in vegetables through washing with house hold chemicals. Int J Agric Sci Res. 3:1–11.
  • Siddiqui E, Pandey J. 2019. Temporal and spatial variations in carbon and nutrient loads, ion chemistry and trophic status of the Ganga River: a watershed-scale study. Limnology. 20 (3): 255–266
  • Singh M, Kumar J, Singh S, Singh V, Prasad S, Singh M. 2015. Adaptation strategies of plants against heavy metal toxicity: a short review. Biochem Pharmacol. 4:1–7.
  • Wang J-F, Wang G-X, Wanyan H. 2007. Treated wastewater irrigation effect on soil, crop and environment: wastewater recycling in the loess area of China. J Environ Sci. 19:1093.
  • Wang X, Sato T, Xing B, Tao S. 2005. Health risks of heavy metals to the general public in Tianjin, China via consumption of vegetables and fish. Sci Total Environ. 350:28–37.
  • Wang Z, Chang A, Wu L, Crowley D. 2003. Assessing the soil quality of long-term reclaimed wastewater-irrigated cropland. Geoderma. 114:261–278.
  • WHO. 1989. Health guidelines for the use of wastewater in agriculture and aquaculture. Report of a WHO scientific group, Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
  • WHO. 1996. Trace elements in human nutrition and health. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
  • WHO. 2006. Guidelines for the safe use of wastewater, excreta and greywater. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
  • WHO/FAO. 2007. Joint FAO/WHO Food Standard Programme Codex Alimentarius Commission 13th Session. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization, Rome, Italy.
  • Yoshinaga M, Ninomiya H, Al Hossain MA, Sudo M, Akhand AA, Ahsan N, Alim MA, Khalequzzaman M, Iida M, Yajima I. 2018. A comprehensive study including monitoring, assessment of health effects and development of a remediation method for chromium pollution. Chemosphere. 201:667–675.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.