References
- Agilent 2019. Chlorpyrifos; Certificate of Analysis. Lot Number: NT063051. Rhode Island, USA.
- [AOAC] Association of Office Agricultural Chemists. 1998. Peer-verified methods program: Manual on policies and procedures. Maryland: AOAC International.
- Atabila A, Phung DT, Hogarh JO, Sadler R, Connell D, Chu C. 2018. Health risk assessment of dermal exposure to chlorpyrifos among applicators on rice farms in Ghana. Chemosphere. 203:83–89. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.121 PMID: 29609105
- Babina K, Dollard M, Pilotto L, Edwards JW. 2012. Environmental exposure to organophosphorus and pyrethroid pesticides in South Australian preschool children: a cross sectional study. Environ Int. 48:109–120. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2012.07.007 PMID: 22892382
- Butler-Dawson J, Galvin K, Thorne PS, Rohlman DS. 2016. Organophosphorus pesticide exposure and neurobehavioral performance in Latino children living in an orchard community. NeuroToxicol. 53:165–172. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2016.01.009
- Chetty-Mhlanga S, Fuhrimann S, Basera W, Eeftens M, Röösli M, Dalvie MA. 2021. Association of activities related to pesticide exposure on headache severity and neurodevelopment of school-children in the rural agricultural farmlands of the Western Cape of South Africa. Environ Int. 146:106237. envint. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.2020.106237
- Cochran WG. 1977. Sampling techniques. 3rd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
- Curwin BD. 2006. . Bringing work home: take-home pesticide exposure among farm families [dissertation]. Dutch: Utrecht University.
- Dalmolin SP, Dreon DB, Thiesen FV, Dallegrave E. 2020. Biomarkers of occupational exposure to pesticides: systematic review of insecticides. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 75:103304–103311. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2019.103304PMID: 31841723
- Department of Agriculture 2020. Summary report of pesticides in 2020. Bangkok: The office of agricultural Regulation, Department of Agriculture, Thailand. [accessed 2021 Feb 14]. https://www.doa.go.th/ard/?page_id=386.
- Dereumeaux C, Fillol C, Quenel P, Denys S. 2020. Pesticide exposures for residents living close to agricultural lands: a review. Environ Int. 134:105210–105214. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/jenvint.2019.105210.PMID:31739132
- Fernández SF, Pardo O, Corpas-Burgos F, Yusà V, on behalf of the BIOVAL task force. 2020. Exposure and cumulative risk assessment to non-persistent pesticides in Spanish children using biomonitoring. Sci Total Environ. 746:140983. [accessed 2021 Jan 3]. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140983
- González-Alzaga B, Romero-Molina D, López-Flores I, Giménez-Asensio MJ, Hernández AF, Lacasaña M. 2020. Urinary levels of organophosphate pesticides and predictors of exposure in pre-school and school children living in agricultural and urban communities from south Spain. Environ Res. 186:109459 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.109459
- Gupta RC, Malik JK, Milatovic D. 2011. Organophosphate and carbamate pesticides. London, UK: Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology: Elsevier Inc. p. 471–486.
- Juntarawijit Y, Chaichanawirote U, Rakmeesri P, Chairattanasakda P, Pumyim V, Juntarawijit C. 2021. Chlorpyrifos and other pesticide exposure and suspected developmental delay in children aged under 5 years: a case-control study in Phitsanulok, Thailand [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 1 not approved]. F1000Res. 9:1501. doi:https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.27874.3
- Karr C. 2012. Children’s environmental health in agricultural settings. J Agromedicine. 17(2):127–139. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/1059924X.2012.658009
- Kim HH, Lim YW, Yang JY, Shin DC, Ham HS, Choi BS, Lee JY. 2013. Healthrisk assessment of exposure to chlorpyrifos and dichlorvos in children at childcare facilities. Sci Total Environ. 444:441–450. 2012.11. 102 doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.
- Marasinghe J, Yu Q, Connell D. 2014. Assessment of health risk in human populations due to. Chlorpyrifos. Toxics. 2(2):92–114. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics2020092
- Molomo RN, Basera W, Chetty-Mhlanga S, Fuhrimann S, Mugari M, Wiesner L, Röösli M, Dalvie MA. 2021. Relation between organophosphate pesticide metabolite concentrations with pesticide exposures, socio-economic factors and lifestyles: A cross-sectional study among school boys in the rural Western Cape, South Africa. Environ Pollut. 275:116660 doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116660
- National Statistical Office. 2019. Occupation in 2019, Sakonnakhon province, Thailand; [accessed 2020 Feb 1]. http://webhost.nso.go.th/nso/. project/search_cen/result_ by_department.jsp.
- Office of Agricultural Economics 2019. The areas of using agricultural benefit 2019. Bangkok, , Thailand: Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives. [accessed 2020 Feb 14]. http://www.oae.go.th.
- Ong-Artborirak P, Siriwong W, Robson MG. 2017. Health risk assessment from dermal exposure to pesticide residues on vegetables among greengrocers in fresh market, Bangkok, Thailand. Hum Ecol Risk Assess. 23(4):944–957. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2017.1297674
- Panuwet P, Prapamontol T, Chantara S, Barr DB. 2009. Urinary pesticide metabolites in school student from northern Thailand. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 212(3):288–297. PMID: 18760967 doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2008.07.002
- Panuwet P, Prapamontol T, Chantara S, Thavornyuthikarn P, Montesano MA, Whitehead RD, Barr DB. 2008. Concentrations of urinary pesticide metabolites in small-scale farmers in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. Sci Total Environ. 407(1):655–668. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.08.044 PMID: 18954893
- Panuwet P, Siriwong W, Prapamontol T, Ryan PB, Fiedler N, Robson MG, Barr DB. 2012. Agricultural pesticide management in Thailand: Situation and population health risk. Environ Sci Policy. 17:72–81. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2011.12.005 PMID: 22308095.
- Petchuay C, Visuthismajarn P, Vitayavirasak B, Hore P, Robson MG. 2006. Biological monitoring of organophosphate pesticide in preschool children in an agricultural community in Thailand. Int J Occup Environ Health. 12(2):134–141. PMID: 16722193 doi:https://doi.org/10.1179/oeh.2006.12.2.134
- Roberts JR, Karr CJ, Council on Environmental Health. 2012. Pesticide exposure in children. Pediatrics. 130(6):e1765–e1788. doi:https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2012-2758
- Rohitrattana J, Siriwong W, Tunsaringkarn T, Panuwet P, Ryan PB, Barr DB, Robson MG, Fiedler N. 2014. Organophosphate pesticide exposure in school-aged children living in rice and aquacultural farming regions of Thailand. J Agromedicine. 19(4):406–416. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/1059924X.2014.947457
- Sapbamrer R, Hongsibsong S, Khacha-Ananda S. 2020. Urinary organophosphate metabolites and oxidative stress in children living in agricultural and urban communities. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 27(20):25715–25726. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09037-z
- Sinitkul R, Wongrathanandha C, Sirirattanapruk S, Plitponkarnpim A, Maude RJ, Marczylo EL. 2018. Children's Environmental Health in Thailand: past, present, and future. Ann Glob Health. 84(3):306–329. doi: https://doi.org/10.29024/aogh.2301.PMID:30835380
- Siriwat S, Ong-Artborirak P, Nganchamung T, Robson MG, Siriwong W. 2019b. Health risk assessment of residential exposure to cypermethrin among young children in agricultural communities in northeastern Thailand. Human Ecol Risk Assess. 25(3):614–623. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2018.1539635
- Siriwat S, Rohitrattana J, Nganchamung T, Ong-Artborirak P, Robson MG, Siriwong W. 2019a. Exposure of chlorpyrifos in toddlers living in an agricultural area in Sakon Nakhon province, North-East Thailand. J Health Res. 32(2):151–161. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/JHR-07-2018-0057
- Siriwat S. 2016. Health risk assessment related to pesticide exposure among children: a case study in agricultural community, Sakon Nakhon province, Thailand [dissertation]. Bangkok (TH): College of public health sciences, Chulalongkorn University.
- Suarez-Lopez JR, Jacobs DR, Jr Himes JH, Alexander BH, Lazovich D, Gunnar M. 2012. Lower acetylcholinesterase activity among children living with flower plantation workers. Environ Res. 144:53–59. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2012.01007. PMID: 22405996
- [USEPA] United States Environmental Protection Agency. 1997. Exposure factors handbook. Washington, DC: United States Environmental Protection Agency approved for publication.
- [USEPA] United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2002. Interim reregistration eligibility decision for Chlorpyrifos.Washington, DC: United States Environmental Protection Agency approved for publication.
- [USEPA] United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2004. Example exposure scenarios: Washington, DC: United States Environmental Protection Agency approved for publication.
- [USEPA] United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2007. Important exposure factors for children. Washington, DC: United States Environmental Protection Agency approved for publication.
- [USEPA] United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2008. Child-specific exposure factors handbook. Washington, DC: United States Environmental Protection Agency approved for publication.
- [USEPA] United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2019. Guidelines for human exposure assessment. Washington, DC: United States Environmental Protection Agency approved for publication.
- [WHO] World Health Organization. 2006. Principles for evaluating health risks in children associated with exposure to chemicals. Geneva (Switzerland): World Health Organization; [accessed 2020 Jan 16]. https://www.who.int/publications/. i/item/9789241572378
- [WHO] World Health Organization. 2011. Summary of principles for evaluating health risks in children associated with exposure to chemicals. Geneva (Switzerland): World Health Organization.
- Zhang Q, Zhu L, Han C, Wang J, Xie H, Wang J, Sun S. 2011. Analysis of chlorpyrifos and TCP residues in agricultural soil and apples by HPLC. J Food Agric Environ. 9(1):659–662.