366
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Inhalation health risk assessment of ambient PM2.5 and associated trace elements in Cape Town, South Africa

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 917-929 | Received 06 Mar 2022, Accepted 03 Aug 2022, Published online: 18 Aug 2022

References

  • Adeyemi A, Molnar P, Boman J, Wichmann J. 2021. Source apportionment of fine atmospheric particles using positive matrix factorization in Pretoria. South Africa. Env Mon and Asses. 193(11):716. 10.1007/s10661-021-09483-3.
  • Adeyemi A, Molnar P, Boman J, Wichmann J. 2022. Particulate matter (PM2.5) characterization, air quality level and origin of air masses in an urban background in Pretoria. Arch Env Cont and Tox. 83:1–18.
  • Agbo KE, Walgraeve C, Eze JI, Ugwoke PE, Ukoha PO, Van Langenhove H. 2021. A review on ambient and indoor air pollution status in Africa. Atmos Pol Res. 12(2):243–260. doi:10.1016/j.apr.2020.11.006
  • Alfeus A. 2021. Air pollution source apportionment and joint effects on mortality in Cape Town, South Africa [Dessertation]. University of Pretoria
  • Boman J, Lindén J, Thorsson S, Holmer B, Eliasson I. 2009. A tentative study of urban and suburban fine particles (PM2.5) collected in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. X-Ray Spectrom. 38(4):354–362. doi:10.1002/xrs.1173
  • Boman J, Wagner A, Gatari MJ. 2010. Trace elements in PM2.5 in Gothenburg, Sweden. Spectro Acta Part B: Atom Spect. 65(6):478–482. doi:10.1016/j.sab.2010.03.014
  • Cakmak S, Hebbern C, Cakmak JD, Vanos J. 2016. The modifying effect of socioeconomic status on the relationship between traffic, air pollution and respiratory health in elementary schoolchildren. J Environ Manage. 177:1–8. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.03.051
  • Chalvatzaki E, Chatoutsidou SE, Lehtomäki H, Almeida SM, Eleftheriadis K, Hänninen O, Lazaridis M. 2019. Characterization of human health risks from particulate air pollution in selected European cities. Atmos. 10(2):96. doi:10.3390/atmos10020096
  • Cohen AJ, Brauer M, Burnett R, Anderson HR, Frostad J, Estep K, Balakrishnan K, Brunekreef B, Dandona L, Dandona R, et al. 2017. Estimates and 25-year trends of the global burden of disease attributable to ambient air pollution: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2015. The Lancet. 389(10082):1907–1918. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30505-6
  • Coker E, Kizito S. 2018. A narrative review on the human health effects of ambient air pollution in Sub-Saharan Africa: an urgent need for health effects studies. IJERPH. 15(3):427. doi:10.3390/ijerph15030427
  • Dadvand P, Basagaña X, Figueras F, Amoly E, Tobias A, de Nazelle A, Querol X, Sunyer J, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ. 2011. Saharan dust episodes and pregnancy. J Environ Monit. 13(11):3222–3228. doi:10.1039/c1em10579e
  • Department Of Environment Affairs 2012. National environmental management: air quality act: national ambient air quality standard for particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 micron meters (PM2.5). South African Government. https://www.gov.za/documents/national-environmental-management-air-quality-act-national-ambient-air-quality-standard-0.
  • Department Of Environmental Affairs. 2005. National environmental management act. https://www.westerncape.gov.za/your_gov/46/documents/acts/2005.
  • Department of Environmental Affairs and Development Planning. 2022. https://www.westerncape.gov.za/eadp/about-us.
  • deSouza P. 2020. Air pollution in Kenya: a review. Air Qual Atmos Health. 13(12):1487–1495. doi:10.1007/s11869-020-00902-x
  • Edlund KK, Killman F, Molnár P, Boman J, Stockfelt L, Wichmann J. 2021. Health risk assessment of PM2.5 and PM2.5-bound trace elements in Thohoyandou, South Africa. IJERPH. 18(3):1359. https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/3/1359. doi:10.3390/ijerph18031359
  • Fayiga AO, Ipinmoroti MO, Chirenje T. 2018. Environmental pollution in Africa. Environ Dev Sustain. 20(1):41–73. doi:10.1007/s10668-016-9894-4
  • Gaita SM, Boman J, Gatari MJ, Pettersson JBC, Janhäll S. 2014. Source apportionment and seasonal variation of PM2.5 in a Sub-Saharan African city: Nairobi, Kenya. Atmos Chem Phys. 14(18):9977–9991. doi:10.5194/acp-14-9977-2014
  • Howlett-Downing C, Boman J, Molnár P, Shirinde J, Wichmann J. 2022. PM2.5 chemical composition and geographical origin of air masses in Pretoria, South Africa. Wat, Air, and Soil Pol. 233(7):1–13.
  • Kalisa E, Archer S, Nagato E, Bizuru E, Lee K, Tang N, Pointing S, Hayakawa K, Lacap-Bugler D. 2019. Chemical and biological components of urban aerosols in Africa: current status and knowledge gaps. IJERPH. 16(6):941. https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/6/941. doi:10.3390/ijerph16060941
  • Katoto PDMC, Byamungu L, Brand AS, Mokaya J, Strijdom H, Goswami N, De Boever P, Nawrot TS, Nemery B. 2019. Ambient air pollution and health in Sub-Saharan Africa: vurrent evidence, perspectives and a call to action. Environ Res. 173:174–188. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2019.03.029
  • Lavigne E, Yasseen AS, Stieb DM, Hystad P, van Donkelaar A, Martin RV, Brook JR, Crouse DL, Burnett RT, Chen H, et al. 2016. Ambient air pollution and adverse birth outcomes: Differences by maternal comorbidities. Env Res. 148:457–466. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2016.04.026
  • Maenhaut W, Salma I, Cafmeyer J, Annegarn HJ, Andreae MO. 1996. Regional atmospheric aerosol composition and sources in the eastern Transvaal, South Africa, and impact of biomass burning. J Geophys Res. 101(D19):23631–23650. doi:10.1029/95JD02930
  • Mannucci PM, Franchini M. 2017. Health effects of ambient air pollution in developing countries. IJERPH. 14(9):1048. https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/14/9/1048. doi:10.3390/ijerph14091048
  • Masiol M, Squizzato S, Rampazzo G, Pavoni B. 2014. Source apportionment of PM2.5 at multiple sites in Venice (Italy): spatial variability and the role of weather. Atmos Envir. 98:78–88. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.08.059
  • Mmari AG, Hassan HA, Bencs L. 2020. Daytime concentrations of minor and trace elements in atmospheric aerosols at four sampling sites of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Air Qual Atmos Health. 13(6):739–750. doi:10.1007/s11869-020-00832-8
  • Morakinyo OM, Adebowale AS, Mokgobu MI, Mukhola MS. 2017. Health risk of inhalation exposure to sub-10 µm particulate matter and gaseous pollutants in an urban-industrial area in South Africa: an ecological study. BMJ Open. 7(3):e013941. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013941
  • Morakinyo OM, Mokgobu MI, Mukhola MS, Engelbrecht JC. 2017. Health risk assessment of exposure to ambient concentrations of benzene, toluene and xylene in Pretoria West. South Africa. Afri J of Sci, Techn, Innov and Dev. 9(4):489–496. doi:10.1080/20421338.2017.1352123
  • Morakinyo OM, Mukhola MS, Mokgobu MI. 2021. Health risk analysis of elemental components of an industrially emitted respirable particulate matter in an urban area. IJERPH. 18(7):3653. doi:10.3390/ijerph18073653
  • Muyemeki L, Burger R, Piketh SJ, Beukes JP, Van Zyl PG. 2021. Source apportionment of ambient PM10-25 and PM2.5 for the Vaal Triangle, South Africa. Sou Afr J of Sci. 117(5–6):1–11.
  • Nkosi V, Mathee A, Blesic S, Kapwata T, Kunene Z, du Preez DJ, Garland R, Wright CY. 2022. Exploring meteorological conditions and human health impacts during two dust storm events in Northern Cape Province, South Africa: findings and lessons learnt. Atmos. 13(3):424. https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/3/424. doi:10.3390/atmos13030424
  • Norris GDR, Brown S, Bai S. 2014. EPA Positive M atrix Factorization (PMF) 5. 0 Fundamentals and User Guide. Washington, DC: Publishing House. p. 20460.
  • Olutola B, Claassen N, Voyi K, Wichmann J. 2019. Apparent temperature as a modifier of the effects of air pollution on respiratory disease hospital admissions in Secunda. South Africa. Envir Epidem. 3:439.
  • Olutola BG, Wichmann J. 2021. Does apparent temperature modify the effects of air pollution on respiratory disease hospital admissions in an industrial area of South Africa? Clean Air J. 31(2):1–11. doi:10.17159/caj/2021/31/2.11366
  • Orellano P, Reynoso J, Quaranta N, Bardach A, Ciapponi A. 2020. Short-term exposure to particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis. Envir Inter. 142:105876. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2020.105876
  • Ostro B, Spadaro JV, Gumy S, Mudu P, Awe Y, Forastiere F, Peters A. 2018. Assessing the recent estimates of the global burden of disease for ambient air pollution: methodological changes and implications for low-and middle-income countries. Environ Res. 166:713–725. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2018.03.001
  • Petkova EP, Jack DW, Volavka-Close NH, Kinney PL. 2013. Particulate matter pollution in African cities. Air Qual Atmos Health. 6(3):603–614. doi:10.1007/s11869-013-0199-6
  • Reff A, Eberly SI, Bhave PV. 2007. Receptor modeling of ambient particulate matter data using positive matrix factorization: review of existing methods. J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 57(2):146–154. doi:10.1080/10473289.2007.10465319
  • Ritchie AW, Akoshile C, Anh NX, Brook J, Fatimah D, Zhang MB, Cohen A, Gibson MD, Liu Y, Vanderlei J. 2016. Variation in global chemical composition of PM2.5: emerging results from SPARTAN 2. Atmos Chem and Phy. 16(15):9629–9653. doi:10.5194/acp-2016-62
  • Shaltout AA, Boman J, Hassan SK, Abozied AM, Al-Ashkar EA, Abd-Elkader OH, Yassin M, Al-Tamimi J. 2020. Elemental composition of PM2.5 aerosol in a residential–industrial area of a Mediterranean megacity. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 78(1):68–78. doi:10.1007/s00244-019-00688-9
  • Tam WW, Wong TW, Wong AH. 2012. Effect of dust storm events on daily emergency admissions for cardiovascular diseases. Circ J. 76(3):655–660. doi:10.1253/circj.cj-11-0894
  • Thabethe NDL, Engelbrecht JC, Wright CY, Oosthuizen MA. 2014. Human health risks posed by exposure to PM10 for four life stages in a low socio-economic community in South Africa. The Pan Afric Medic J. 18:206–218. doi:10.11604/pamj.2014.18.206.3393
  • Thabethe NDL, Voyi K, Wichmann J. 2021. Association between ambient air pollution and cause-specific mortality in Cape Town, Durban, and Johannesburg, South Africa: any susceptible groups? Environ Sci Pollut Res. 28(31):42868–42876. doi:10.1007/s11356-021-13778-w
  • Tshehla C, Djolov G. 2018. Source profiling, source apportionment and cluster transport analysis to identify the sources of PM and the origin of air masses to an industrialised rural area in Limpopo. Clean Air J. 28(2):54–66. doi:10.17159/2410-972x/2018/v28n2a18
  • USEPA. 2011. Exposure factors handbook: 2011 Edition.
  • USEPA. 2018. Conducting a human health risk assessment. Washington, DC, USA: Government Publishing office:
  • USEPA. 2019. Regional screening levels. https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables.
  • WHO. 2013. Review of evidence on health aspects of air pollution: REVIHAAP project: technical report. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/341712.
  • WHO. 2021. WHO global air quality guidelines: particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. Geneva: World Health Organization.
  • Wichmann J, Voyi K. 2012. Ambient air pollution exposure and respiratory, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular mortality in Cape Town, South Africa: 2001–2006. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 9(11):3978–4016. doi:10.3390/ijerph9113978
  • Williams J, Petrik L, Wichmann J. 2021. PM2.5 chemical composition and geographical origin of air masses in Cape Town, South Africa. Air Qual Atmos Health. 14(3):431–442. doi:10.1007/s11869-020-00947-y
  • Yu Y, He S, Wu X, Zhang C, Yao Y, Liao H, Wang Q, Xie M. 2019. PM2.5 elements at an urban site in Yangtze River Delta, China: high time-resolved measurement and the application in source apportionment. Environ Pollut. 253:1089–1099. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.096
  • Zheng X, Xu X, Yekeen TA, Zhang Y, Chen A, Kim SS, Kim N. Dietrich KND, Ho S-M, Lee S-A, Reponen T, et al. 2016. Ambient air heavy metals in PM2.5 and potential human health risk assessment in an informal electronic-waste recycling site of China. Aerosol Air Qual Res. 16(2):388–397. doi:10.4209/aaqr.2014.11.0292

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.