Estimating exposure point concentrations for surface soils for use in deterministic and probabilistic risk assessments

References

• Anderson, P.D. 1996 Personal communication with D.E. Burmaster.
   Google Scholar
• Armstrong , B.G. 1992 . Confidence Intervals for Arithmetic Means of Lognormally Distributed Exposures . J. Am. Industr. Hyg. Assoc. , 53 ( 8 ) : 481 – 485 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowers , T.S. , Shifrin , N.S. and Murphy , B.L. 1996 . Statistical Approach to Soil Cleanup Goals, with Supplementary Material . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 30 : 1437 – 1444 .
   Google Scholar
• Bras , R. L. and Rodriguez‐Iturbe , I. 1993 . Random Functions in Hydrology , New York, NY : Dover Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Burmaster , D.E. and Wilson , A.M. 1996 . An Introduction to Second‐Order Random Variables in Human Health Risk Assessment . Human. Ecol Risk Assess. , 2 ( 4 ) : 892 – 919 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burmaster , D.E. and Hull , D.A. 1996 . Using LogNormal Distributions and LogNormal Probability Plots in Probabilistic Risk Assessment . Human Ecol Risk Assess , in press
   Google Scholar
• Chen , L. 1995 . Testing the Mean of Skewed Distributions . J. Am. Stat. Assoc. , 90 ( 430 ) : 767 – 772 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cressie , N.A.C. 1993 . Statistics for Spatial Data, , Revised Edition , New York, NY : Wiley‐Interscience .
   Google Scholar
• Efron , B. and Tibshirani , R.J. 1991 . Statistical Data Analysis in the Computer Age . Science , 253 : 390 – 395 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Efron , B. and Tibshirani , R.J. 1991 . An Introduction to the Bootstrap , Monographs on Statistics and Applied Probability 57 New York, NY : Chapman and Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Efron , B. 1988 . Computer Intensive Methods in Statistical Regression . SIAM Rev. , 30 ( 3 ) : 421 – 449 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans , M. , Hastings , N. and Peacock , B. 1993 . Statistical Distributions, , Second Edition , New York, NY : John Wiley and Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Franke , R. 1982 . Scattered Data Interpolation: Tests of Some Methods . Math. Comput. , 38 ( 157 ) : 181 – 200 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freshman , J.S. and Menzie , C.A. 1996 . Two Wildlife Exposure Models to Assess Impacts at the Individual and Population Levels and the Efficacy of Remedial Actions . Human. Ecol Risk Assess. , 2 ( 3 ) : 481 – 496 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaylord , R.J. and Nishidate , K. 1996 . Modeling Nature with Cellular Automata Using Mathematical , New York, NY : Telos, Springer Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Gilbert , R.O. 1987 . Statistical Methods for Environmental Pollution Monitoring , New York, NY : Van Nostrand Reinhold .
   Google Scholar
• Ginevan , M.E. and Putzrath , R.M. The Health Assessment Process: Implications for Site Sampling . Proceedings of Cost Efficient Acquisition and Utilization of Data in the Management of Hazardous Waste Sites . March 23–25 1994 . Pittsburgh, PA : Air and Waste Management Association .
   Google Scholar
• Givevan , M.E. and Splitstone , D. E. 10–12 May 1995 . “ Risk‐Based Geostatistical Analysis of Hazardous Waste Sites: A Tool for Improving Remediation Decisions ” . In Challenges and Innovations in the Management of Hazardous Waste , 10–12 May , Pittsburgh, PA : Air and Waste Management Association . 1995,
   Google Scholar
• Gordon , W.J. and Wixon , J.A. 1978 . Shepard's Method of “Metric Interpolation”; to Bivariate and Multivariate Interpolation . Math. Comput. , 23 ( 141 ) : 253 – 264 .
   Google Scholar
• Isaaks , E.H. and Srivastava , R.M. 1989 . An Introduction to Applied Geostatistics , New York, NY : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Keeping , E.S. 1995 . Introduction to Statistical Inference , New York, NY : Dover .
   Google Scholar
• Land , C.E. 1971 . Confidence Intervals for Linear Functions of the Normal Mean and Variance . Ann. Math. Stat. , 42 : 1187 – 1205 .
   Google Scholar
• Land , C.E. 1975 . Tables of Confidence Limits for Linear Functions of the Normal Mean and Variance, in Selected Tables in Mathematical Statistics , Volume III , 385 – 419 . Providence, RI : American Mathematical Society .
   Google Scholar
• Lange , E. 1995 . InterpolationRBF, email from Mitsubishi Electric Corporation , Amagasaki, JP : Advanced Technology R and D Center .
   Google Scholar
• Lioy , P.J. 1990 . Assessing Total Human Exposure to Contaminants . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 24 ( 7 ) : 938 – 945 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maeder , R.E. 1996 . Fractal Brownian Motion . Math. J. , 6 ( 1 ) : 38 – 48 .
   Google Scholar
• Martin , E.C. 1996 . Bounded Diagram , Champaign, IL : Wolfram Research .
   Google Scholar
• Okabe , A. , Boots , B. and Sugihara , K . 1992 . Spatial Tesselations: Concepts and Applications of Voronoi Diagrams , New York, NY : Wiley and Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Ott , W.R. 1990 . A Physical Explanation of the Lognormality of Pollutant Concentrations . J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. , 40 : 1378
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Renka , R.J. 1988 . Multivariate Interpolation of Large Sets of Scattered Data . ACM Trans. Math. Software , 14 ( 2 ) : 139 – 148 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Renka , R.J. 1988 . QSHEP2D: Quadratic Shepard Method for Bivariate Interpolation of Scattered Data, Algorithm 660 . ACM Trans. Math. Software , 14 ( 2 ) : 149 – 150 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Renka , R.J. 1988 . QSHEP3D: Quadratic Shepard Method for Trivariate Interpolation of Scattered Data, Algorithm 661 . ACM Trans. Math. Software , 14 ( 2 ) : 149 – 152 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmoyer , R.L. , Beauchamp , J.J. , Brandt , C.C. and Hoffman , F.O. Jr . 1996 . Difficulties with the Lognormal Man Estimation and Testing . Environ. Ecol. Stat. , 3 : 81 – 97 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwab , F. 1996 . Surface Plots from Irregularly Spaced Data , Charlottesville, VA : National Radio Observatory .
   Google Scholar
• Sedman , R.M. , Reynolds , S.D. and Hadley , P.W. 1992 . Why Did You Take that Sample? . J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. , 42 ( 11 ) : 1420 – 1423 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silverman , B.W. 1986 . Density Estimation , London, , UK : Chapman and Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Strang , G. 1988 . Linear Algebra and Its Applications, , Third Edition , San Diego, CA : Harcourt Brace Jovanovich .
   Google Scholar
• Thompson , K.M. and Graham , J.D. 1996 . Going Beyond the Single Number: Using Probabilistic Risk Assessment to Improve Risk Management . Human Ecol. Bisk Assess. , 2 ( 4 ) : xxx – yyy .
   Google Scholar
• Thompson , S.K. and Seber , G.A.F. 1996 . Adaptive Sampling , New York, NY : Wiley and Sons .
   Google Scholar
• USEPA . 1989 . Human Health Evaluation Manual, Part A, Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund , Volume I , Washington, DC : Office of Emergency and Remedial Response . Interim Final, EPA/540/1–89/002
   Google Scholar
• USEPA . May 1992 . Supplemental Guidance to RAGS: Calculating the Concentration Term , May , Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response . 9285.7–08, 1992
   Google Scholar
• USEPA . 1992 . Guidelines for Exposure Assessment . Federal Register , 57 29 May : 22888 et seq., 1992
   Google Scholar
• USEPA . May 1996 . Soil Screening Guidance: Technical Background Document , May , Washington, DC : Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response . EPA/540/RE‐95/128, PB96–963502, 1996.
   Google Scholar
• Viswanathan , G.M. , Afanasyev , V.S. , Buldyrev , V. , Murphy , E.J. , Prince , P.A. and Stanley , H.E. 1996 . Levy Flight Search Patterns of Wandering Albatrosses . Nature , 381 : 413 – 415 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wickhamjones , T. 1994 . Mathematica Graphics , Santa Clara, CA : Techniques and Applications, Springer‐Verlag, Telos .
   Google Scholar
• Wolfram , S. 1991 . Mathematica®, A System for Doing Mathematics by Computer, , Second Edition , Redwood City, CA : Addison‐Wesley .
   Google Scholar
• Alceon Corporation, PO Box 382669 Harvard Square Station, Cambridge, MA 02238–2669; Tel: 617–8644300; Fax: 617–864–9954; e‐mail: [email protected]; www.alceon.com.
   Google Scholar
• Harvard Center for Risk Analysis, 718 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115; Tel: 617–432–4345; Fax: 617–432–0190; e‐mail: [email protected].
   Google Scholar