825
Views
12
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Unwarranted Optimism in Media Portrayals of Genetic Research on Addiction Overshadows Critical Ethical and Social Concerns

, , &

References

  • Altheide, D. L. (1997). The news media, the problem frame, and the production of fear. The Sociological Quarterly, 38, 647–668.
  • Altman, L. K. (1990, April 18). Scientists see a link between alcoholism and a specific gene. The New York Times, p. 1.
  • American Lung Association. (2012). State of tobacco control. Washington, DC: Author.
  • Associated Press. (2012). Nabi says nicotine vaccine fails again. Retrieved from http://www.businessweek.com/ap/2012-10-17/nabi-says-nicotine-vaccine-fails-again
  • Associated Press. (2005, September 13). New drugs promise treatments for alcoholism. Retrieved from http://www.nbcnews.com/id/9327299/ns/health-addictions/t/new-drugs-promise-treatments-alcoholism
  • Ball, D. (2008). Addiction science and its genetics. Addiction, 103, 360–367.
  • Bierut, L. J., Madden, P. A. F., Breslau, N., Johnson, E. O., Hatsukami, D., Pomerleau, O. & Ballinger, D. G. (2007). Novel genes identified in a high-density genome-wide association study for nicotine dependence. Journal of Human Molecular Genetics, 16, 24–35.
  • Bize, R., Burnand, B., Mueller, Y., Walther, M. R. & Cornuz, J. (2009). Biomedical risk assessment as an aid for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2009(2). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD14004705.pub14651853
  • Borenstein, S. (Producer). (2008, April 3). Genetic link tied to smoking addiction. FOX News. Retrieved from http://www.foxnews.com/printer_friendly_wires/2008Apr03/0,4675,SmokersGenes,00.html
  • Brandt, A. (2007). The cigarette century. New York, NY: Basic Books.
  • Brice, P. & Sanderson, S. (2006, July 22). Pharmacogenetics: What are the ethical and economic implications? The Pharmaceutical Journal, 277, 113–114.
  • Bubela, T. & Caulfield, T. (2004). Do the print media ‘hype’ genetic research? A comparison of newspaper stories and peer-reviewed research papers. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 170, 1399–1407.
  • Burke, W. & Psaty, B. M. (2007). Personalized medicine in the era of genomics. JAMA, 298, 1682–1684.
  • Carlsten, C. & Burke, W. (2006). Potential for genetics to promote public health: Genetics research on smoking suggests caution about expectations. JAMA, 296, 2480–2482.
  • Carmelli, D., Swan, G., Robinette, D. & Fabsitz, R. (1992). Genetic influence on smoking: A study of male twins. New England Journal of Medicine, 327, 829–833.
  • Caron, L., Karkazis, K., Raffin, T. A., Swan, G. & Koenig, B. A. (2005). Nicotine addiction through a neurogenomic prism: Ethics, public health, and smoking. Nicotine & Tobacco Research: Official Journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 7, 181–197.
  • Carpenter, M. J., Strange, C., Jones, Y., Dickson, M. R., Carter, C., Moseley, M. A. & Gilbert, G. E. (2007). Does genetic testing result in behavioral health change? Changes in smoking behavior following testing for alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 33, 22–28.
  • Carroll, K. M. & Onken, L. S. (2005). Behavioral therapies for drug abuse. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 1452–1460.
  • Carroll, L. (2000, November 14). Genetic studies promise a path to better treatments of addictions. The New York Times, p. F.6.
  • Caulfield, T. (2004). Biotechnology and the popular press: Hype and the selling of science. Trends in Biotechnology, 22, 337–339.
  • Chalaby, J. (1996). Beyond the prison-house of language: Discourse as a sociological concept. British Journal of Sociology, 47, 684–698.
  • Collins, F. S. (1999). Shattuck lecture—Medical and societal consequences of the Human Genome Project. New England Journal of Medicine, 341, 28–37.
  • Collins, F. S., Green, E. D., Guttmacher, A. E. & Guyer, M. S. (2003). A vision for the future of genomics research. Nature, 422, 835–847.
  • Condit, C. M. (2007). How geneticists can help reporters to get their story right. Nature Reviews. Genetics, 8, 815–820.
  • Condit, C. M., Ferguson, A., Kassel, R., Thadhani, C., Gooding, H. C. & Parrott, R. (2001). An exploratory study of the impact of news headlines on genetic determinism. Science Communication, 22, 379–395.
  • Conrad, P. (2001). Genetic optimism: Framing genes and mental illness in the news. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry, 25, 225–247.
  • Coughlin, S. S. (1999). The intersection of genetics, public health, and preventive medicine. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 16, 89–90.
  • Courtwright, D. T. (2001). Forces of habit: Drugs and the making of the modern world. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Cowley, G. (1990, April 30). The gene and the bottle. Newsweek, 115, 59.
  • Dean, C. E. (2009). Personalized medicine: Boon or budget-buster? The Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 43, 958–962.
  • Dingel, M. J., Karkazis, K. & Koenig, B. A. (2011). Framing nicotine addiction as a “disease of the brain": Social and ethical consequences. Social Science Quarterly, 92, 1–26.
  • Dingel, M. J., Ostergren, J., McCormick, J., Hammer, R. & Koenig, B. A. (2014). The media and behavioral genetics: Alternatives coexisting with addiction genetics. Science, Technology, and Human Values. doi:10.1177/0162243914558491
  • Duenwald, M. (2003, August 19). A scientist's lifetime of study into the mysteries of addiction. The New York Times, p. F.5.
  • Edelman, M. J. (1988). Constructing the political spectacle. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
  • Elias, M. (1999, January 25). Ability to quit smoking linked to genetic profile. USA Today, p. 06.D.
  • Entman, R. M. (2007). Framing bias: Media in the distribution of power. Journal of Communication, 57, 163–173.
  • Fairclough, N. (1985). Critical and descriptive goals in discourse analysis. Journal of Pragmatics, 9, 739–763.
  • Fairclough, N. (1995). Media discourse. New York, NY: Edward Arnold.
  • Gamson, W. A. & Modigliani, A. (1989). Media discourse and public opinion on nuclear power: A constructionist approach. American Journal of Sociology, 95, 1–37.
  • Gartner, C. E., Barendregt, J. J. & Hall, W. D. (2009). Multiple genetic tests for susceptibility to smoking do not outperform simple family history. Addiction, 104, 118–126.
  • Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News. (2013). Novartis ends nicotine addiction vaccine. Retrieved from http://www.businessweek.com/ap/2012-10-17/nabi-says-nicotine-vaccine-fails-again
  • GENEVA Consortium. (2012). CHRNB3 is more strongly associated with Fagerstrom Test for cigarette dependence-based nicotine dependence than cigarettes per day: Phenotype definition changes genome-wide association studies results. Addiction, 107, 2019–2028.
  • Gilbert, F. & Ovadia, D. (2011). Deep brain stimulation in the media: Over-optimistic portrayals call for a new strategy involving journalists and scientists in ethical debates. Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, 5, 1–6.
  • Gladwell, M. (2010, February 15 & 22). Drinking games. The New Yorker, pp. 70–76.
  • Griswold, W. (1987). A methodological framework for the sociology of culture. Sociological Methodology, 17, 1–35.
  • Guide to Community Preventive Services. (2011). Preventing excessive alcohol consumption. Retrieved from www.thecommunityguide.org/alcohol/index.html
  • Gundle, K. R., Dingel, M. J. & Koenig, B. A. (2010). ‘To prove this is the industry's best hope’: Big tobacco's support of the research on the genetics of nicotine addiction. Addiction, 105, 974–983.
  • Hall, S. (1992). Encoding/decoding. In S. Hall D. Hobson A. Lowe & P. Willis (Eds.), Culture, media, language (pp. 128–138). New York, NY: Routledge/Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies. (Original work published 1980)
  • Hall, W. & Carter, L. (2004). Ethical issues in using a cocaine vaccine to treat and prevent cocaine abuse and dependence. Journal of Medical Ethics, 30, 337–340.
  • Hall, W. D. (2007). A research agenda for assessing the potential contribution of genomic medicine to tobacco control. Tobacco Control, 16, 53–58.
  • Hall, W. D., Gartner, C. E. & Carter, A. (2008). The genetics of nicotine addiction liability: Ethical and social policy implications. Addiction, 103, 350–359.
  • Hall, W. D., Madden, P. & Lynskey, M. (2002). The genetics of tobacco use: Methods, findings and policy implications. Tobacco Control, 11, 119–124.
  • Hallin, D. C., Brandt, M. & Briggs, C. L. (2013). Biomedicalization and the public sphere: Newspaper coverage of health and medicine, 1960s–2000s. Social Science & Medicine, 96(Suppl I), 121–128.
  • Hamburg, M. A. & Collins, F. S. (2010). The path to personalized medicine. New England Journal of Medicine, 363, 301–304.
  • Heath, A. & Martin, N. (1993). Genetic models for the natural-history of smoking: Evidence for a genetic influence on smoking persistence. Addictive Behaviors, 18, 19–34.
  • Heilig, M., Goldman, D., Berrettini, W. & O'Brien, C. P. (2011). Pharmacogenetic approaches to the treatment of alcohol addiction. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 12, 670–684.
  • Helliker, K. (2006, October 21). Prevention: Stop before you start; For the children of alcoholics, the best advice may be the simplest: Don't drink at all. The Wall Street Journal, p. R.6.
  • Hudson, K. (2008). The health benefits of genomics: Out with the old, in with the new. Health Affairs, 27, 1612–1615.
  • Humphreys, K. & Satel, S. (2005, January 18). Some gene research just isn't worth the money. The New York Times, p. F.5.
  • Illes, J., Fan, E., Koenig, B. A., Raffin, T. A., Kann, D. & Atlas, S. W. (2003). Self-referred whole-body CT imaging: Current implications for health care consumers. Radiology, 228, 346–351.
  • Illes, J., Moser, M. A., McCormick, J. B., Racine, E., Blakeslee, S., Caplan, A., … Weiss, S. (2010). Neurotalk: Iimproving the communication of neuroscience research. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 11, 61–69.
  • Interlandi, J. (2008, January 14). Are vaccines the answer to addiction? Newsweek, 151, 17.
  • Interlandi, J. & Kelley, R. (2008, March 3). What addicts need. Newsweek, 151, 36–42.
  • Jansen, B. J. & Spink, A. (2006). How are we searching the World Wide Web? A comparison of nine search engine transaction logs. Information Processing and Management, 42, 248–263.
  • Kalivas, P. W. & Volkow, N. D. (2005). The neural basis of addiction: A pathology of motivation and choice. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 1403–1413.
  • Khoury, M. J., McCabe, L. L. & McCabe, E. R. (2003). Population screening in the age of genomic medicine. New England Journal of Medicine, 348, 50–58.
  • Klitzman, R. L. (2012). Am I my genes? New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Kushner, H. I. (2010). Toward a cultural biology of addiction. BioSocieties, 5, 8–24.
  • Lehrman, S. (2008). Cops, sports, and schools: How the news media frames the coverage of genetics and race. In B. A. Koenig S. S.-J. Lee & S. S. Richardson (Eds.), Revisiting race in a genomic age (pp. 285–303). New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
  • Li, C.-S. R. & Sinha, R. (2008). Inhibitory control and emotional stress regulation: Neuroimaging evidence for frontal-limbic dysfunction in psycho-stimulant addiction. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 32, 581–597.
  • Li, C.-Y., Zhou, W.-Z., Zhang, P.-W., Johnson, C., Wei, L. & Uhl, G. R. (2011). Meta-analysis and genome-wide interpretation of genetic susceptibility to drug addiction. BMC Genomics, 12. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-1112-1508.
  • Liu, J. Z., Tozzi, F., Waterworth, D. M., Pillai, S. G., Muglia, P., Middleton, L. & Marchini, J. (2010). Meta-analysis and imputation refines the association of 15q25 with smoking quantity. Nature Genetics, 42, 436–440.
  • Marteau, T., Senior, V., Humphries, S. E., Bobrow, M., Cranston, T., Crook, M. A. & Wray, R. (2004). Psychological impact of genetic testing for familial hypercholesterolemia within a previously aware population: A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Medical Genetics, 128A, 285–293.
  • Marteau, T. & Weinman, J. (2006). Self-regulation and the behavioural response to DNA risk information: A theoretical analysis and framework for future research. Social Science and Medicine, 62, 1360–1368.
  • MedlinePlus. (2013). Phenylketonuria. Retrieved from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/phenylketonuria.html
  • Merikangas, K. R. & Risch, N. (2003). Genomic priorities and public health. Science, 302, 599–601.
  • Midank, L. T. (2004). Biomedicalization and alcohol studies: Implications for policy. Journal of Public Health Policy, 25, 211–228.
  • Miller, M. C. (2005, December 19). How to break the chain. Newsweek, 50.
  • Moynihan, R., Bero, L., Ross-Degnan, D., Henry, D., Lee, K., Watkins, J. & Soumerai, S. B. (2000). Coverage by the news media of the benefits and risks of medications. New England Journal of Medicine, 342, 1645–1650.
  • Munafo, M. R., Shields, A. E., Berrettini, W. H., Patterson, F. & Lerman, C. (2005). Pharmacogenetics and nicotine addiction treatment. Pharmacogenomics, 6, 211–223.
  • Nash, J. M. & Park, A. (1997, May 5). Addicted: Why do people get hooked? Time, pp. 36–43.
  • National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2011). Understanding drug abuse and addiction. Retrieved from http://drugabuse.gov/PDF/InfoFacts/Understanding.pdf
  • Nazario, S. (1990, April 18). Alcoholism is linked to a gene. The Wall Street Journal, p. B1.
  • Neergaard, L. & Press, T. A. (April 10, 2001). Special report: Alcoholism study ties combination; new mix of treatments hoped to cut relapse rate. Denver Post, pp. A-02.
  • Nestler, E. J. (2005). Is there a common molecular pathway for addiction? Nature Neuroscience, 8, 1445–1449.
  • Nurnberger, J. I. & Bierut, L. J. (2007, April). Seeking the connections: Alcoholism and our genes. Scientific American, 296, 46–53.
  • Petersen, A. (2001). Biofantasies: Genetics and medicine in the print news media. Social Science & Medicine, 52, 1255–1268.
  • Phillips, N. & Hardy, C. (2002). Discourse analysis: Investigating processes of social construction. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Potenza, M. N., Sofuoglu, M., Carroll, K. M. & Rounsaville, B. J. (2011). Neuroscience of behavioral and pharmacological treatments for addictions. Neuron, 69, 695–712.
  • Roses, A. D. (2008). Pharmacogenetics in drug discovery and development: A translational perspective. Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery, 7, 807–817.
  • Schnoll, R. A., Johnson, T. A. & Lerman, C. (2007). Genetics and smoking behavior. Current Psychiatry Reports, 9, 349–357.
  • Schwitzer, G. (2008). How do US journalists cover treatments, tests, products, and procedures? An evaluation of 500 stories. PLoS Medicine, 5, 700–704.
  • Siu, W. (2009). Social construction of reality: The tobacco issue. Critical Public Health, 19, 23–44.
  • Skloot, R. (2002, April). Who's an addict? Popular Science, 260, 54.
  • Sturgess, J. E., George, T. P., Kennedy, J. L., Heinz, A. & Muller, D. J. (2011). Pharmacogenetics of alcohol, nicotine and drug addiction treatments. Addiction Biology, 16, 357–376.
  • Thorgeirsson, T., Gudbjartsson, D. F., Surakka, I., Vink, J. M., Amin, N., Geller, F. & Stefansson, K. (2010). Sequence variants at CHRNB3-CHRNA6 and CYP2A6 affect smoking behavior. Nature Genetics, 42, 448–453.
  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, & National Institutes of Health. (2000). Population based smoking cessation: Proceedings of a research conference on what works to influence cessation in the general population. Bethesda, MD: Author.
  • West, R. (2006). Tobacco control: Present and future. British Medical Bulletin, 77–78, 123–136.
  • Wright, A., Weinman, J. & Marteau, T. (2003). The impact of learning of a genetic predisposition to nicotine dependence: An analogue study. Tobacco Control, 12, 227–230.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.