The Effects of Antismoking Messages From Family, School, and Mass Media on Smoking Behavior and Smoking Intention Among Chinese Adolescents

References

• Andrews, J. A., Hops, H., Ary, D., Tildesley, E. & Harris, J. (1993). Parental influence on early adolescent substance use: Specific and nonspecific effects. Journal of Early Adolescence, 13, 285–310.
   Google Scholar
• Austin, E. W., Chen, M. & Grube, J. W. (2006). How does alcohol advertising influence underage drinking? The role of desirability, identification and skepticism. Journal of Adolescent Health, 38, 376–384.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bachman, J. G., Johnston, L. D. & O'Malley, P. O. (1991). How changes in drug use are linked to perceived risks and disapproval: Evidence from national studies that youth and young adults respond to information about the consequences of drug use. In L. Donohew H. E. Sypher & W. J. Bukoski (Eds.), Persuasive communication and drug abuse prevention (pp. 133–155). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Bellew, B. & Wayne, D. (1991). Prevention of smoking among school children: A review of research and recommendations. Health Education Journal, 50, 3–8.
   Google Scholar
• Biglan, A., Duncan, T. E., Ary, D. V. & Smolkowski, K. (1995). Peer and parental influences on adolescent tobacco use. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 18, 315–330.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruvold, W. (1993). A meta-analysis of adolescent smoking prevention programs. American Journal of Public Health, 83, 872–880.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryk, A. S. & Raudenbush, S. W. (1992). Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, X., Fang, X., Li, X., Stanton, B. & Lin, D. (2006). Stay Away from Tobacco: A pilot trial of a school-based adolescent smoking prevention program in Beijing, China. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 8, 227–237.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, T. O. (1999). Teenage smoking in China. Journal of Adolescence, 22, 607–620.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chou, C., Li, Y., Unger, J. B., Xia, J., Sun, P., Guo, Q. & Johnson, A. (2006). A randomized intervention of smoking for adolescents in urban Wuhan, China. Preventive Medicine, 42, 280–285.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crone, M. R., Reijneveld, S. A., Willemsen, M. C., van Leerdam, F. J. M., Spruijt, R. D. & Hira Sing R. A. (2003). Prevention of smoking in adolescents with lower education: a school based intervention study. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 57, 675–680.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• den Exter Blokland, E. A., Engels, R. C., Hale, W. W. 3rd, Meeus, W. & Willemsen, M. C. (2004). Lifetime parental smoking history and cessation and early adolescent smoking behavior. Preventive Medicine, 38, 359–368.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emery, S., Kim, Y., Choi, Y. K., Szczypka, G., Wakefield, M. & Chaloupka, F. J. (2012). The effects of smoking-related television advertising on smoking and intentions to quit among adults in the United States: 1999–2007. American Journal of Public Health, 102, 751–757.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emery, S., Wakefield, M. A., Terry-McElrath, Y., Saffer, H., Szczypka, G., O'Malley, P. M. & Flay, B. (2005) Televised state-sponsored antitobacco advertising and youth smoking beliefs and behavior in the United States, 1999–2000. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 159, 639–645.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engels, R. C., Finkenauer, C., Kerr, M. & Stattin, H. (2005). Illusions of parental control: Parenting and smoking onset in Dutch and Swedish adolescents. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 35, 1912–1935.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engels, R. C. & Willemsen, M. (2004). Communication about smoking in Dutch families: associations between anti-smoking socialization and adolescent smoking-related cognitions. Health Education Research, 19, 227–238.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ennett, S. T., Bauman, K. E., Foshee, V. A., Pemberton, M. & Hicks, K. A. (2001). Parent–child communication about adolescent tobacco and alcohol use: What do parents say and does it affect youth behavior? Journal of Marriage and Family, 63, 48–62.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farrelly, M. C., Healton, C. G., Davis, K. C., Messeri, P., Hersey, J. C. & Haviland, M. L. (2002). Getting to the truth: Evaluating national tobacco countermarketing campaigns. American Journal of Public Health, 96, 901–907.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flay, B. R. (2000). Approaches to substance use prevention utilizing school curriculum plus social environment change. Addictive Behaviors, 25, 861–885.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilman, S. E., Rende, R., Boergers, J., Abrams, D. B., Buka, S. L., Clark, M. A. & Niaura, R. S. (2009). Parental smoking and adolescent smoking initiation: An intergenerational perspective on tobacco control. Pediatrics, 123, e274–e281.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunther, A. C., Bolt, D., Borzekowski, D. L., Liebhart, J. L. & Dillard, J. P. (2006). Presumed influence on peer norms: How mass media indirectly affect adolescent smoking. Journal of Communication, 56, 52–68.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henriksen, L. & Jackson, C. (1998). Anti-smoking socialization: Relationship to parent and child smoking status. Health communication, 10, 87–101.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill, K. G., Hawkins, J. D., Catalano, R. F., Abbott, R. D. & Guo, J. (2005). Family influences on the risk of daily smoking initiation. Journal of Adolescent Health, 37, 202–210.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofstede, G. (2011). Dimensionalizing cultures: The Hofstede model in context. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 2. Retrieved from http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/orpc/vol2/iss1/8
   Google Scholar
• Houston, T. P. (1993) Tobacco use: An American crisis: Final conference report and ecommendations for America's health community. Collingdale, PA: Diane Publishing Co.
   Google Scholar
• Huang, C., Koplan, J., Yu, S., Li, C., Guo, C., Liu, J. & Eriksen, M. (2013). Smoking experimentation among elementary school students in China: Influences from peers, families, and the school environment. PLoS ONE, 8, e73048.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jernigan, D. H. & Wright, P. A. (1996). Media advocacy: Lessons from community experiences. Journal of Public Health Policy, 17, 306–330.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ji, C. (2007). Health-related and risk behaviors among Chinese adolescent: A report of 2005. Beijing, China: Peking University Medical Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kuang, X. (2008) Print antismoking advertising in China and short-term effects on adolescents. (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses database. (UMI No. 3328026)
   Google Scholar
• Leatherdale, S. T., McDonald, P. W., Cameron, R., Jolin, M. A. & Brown, K. S. (2006). A multi-level analysis examining how smoking friends, parents, and older students in the school environment are risk factors for intention to smoking among non-smoking elementary school youth. Prevention Science, 7, 397–402.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, M. (2012). The one-child policy and gender equality in education in China: Evidence from household data. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 33, 41–52
   Google Scholar
• Leiva, A., Estela, A., Torrent, M., Calafat, A., Bennasar, M. & Yanez, A. (2014). Effectiveness of a complex intervention in reducing the prevalence of smoking among adolescents: Study design of a cluster-randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health, 14, 373.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leventhal, H., Keeshan, P., Baker, T. & Wetter, D. (1991). Smoking prevention: Towards a process approach. British Journal of Addiction, 86, 583–587.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Miller, M. P., Gillespie, J., Billian, A. & Davel, S. (2001). Prevention of smoking behaviors in middle school students: Student nurse interventions. Public Health Nursing, 18, 77–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mullin, S., Prasad, V., Kaur, J. & Turk, T. (2011). Increasing evidence for the efficacy of tobacco control mass media communication programming in low- and middle-income countries. Journal of Health Communication, 16, 49–58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paglia, A. & Room, R. (1999). Preventing substance use problems among youth: A literature review and recommendations. Journal of Primary Prevention, 20, 3–50.
   Google Scholar
• Pechmann, C. & Reibling, E. T. (2000). Anti-smoking advertising campaigns targeting youth: Case studies from USA and Canada. Tobacco Control, 9, 18–31.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pechmann, C., Zhao, G., Goldberg, M. E. & Reibling, E. T. (2003). What to convey in antismoking advertisements for adolescents: The use of protection motivation theory to identify effective message themes. Journal of Marketing, 67, 1–18.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peterson, A. V.Jr., Leroux, B. G., Bricker, J., Kealey, K. A., Marek, P. M., Sarason, I. G. & Andersen, M. R. (2006). Nine-year prediction of adolescent smoking by number of smoking parents. Addictive Behaviors, 31, 788–801.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simons-Morton, B., Crump, A. D., Haynie, D. L., Saylor, K. E., Eitel, P. & Yu, K. (1999). Psychosocial, school, and parent factors associated with recent smoking among early-adolescent boys and girls. Preventive Medicine, 28, 138–148.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stead, M., Hastings, G. & Tudor-Smith, C. (1996). Preventing adolescent smoking: A review of options. Health Education Journal, 55, 31–54.
   Google Scholar
• Sussman, S., Dent, C. W., Stacy, A. W., Sun, P., Craig, S., Simon, T. R. & Flay, B. R. (1993). Project Towards No Tobacco Use: 1-year behavior outcomes. American Journal of Public Health, 83, 1245–1250.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, C. R. & Raymond, M. A. (2000). An analysis of product category restrictions in advertising in four major East Asian markets. International Marketing Review, 17, 287–304.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wakefield, M., Flay, B., Nichter, M. & Giovino, G. (2003). Effects of anti-smoking advertising on youth smoking: A review. Journal of Health Communication, 8, 229–247.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wen, X., Chen, W., Gans, K. M., Colby, S. M., Lu, C., Liang, C. & Ling, W. (2010). Two-year effects of a school-based prevention programme on adolescent cigarette smoking in Guangzhou, China: A cluster randomized trial. International Journal of Epidemiology, 39, 860–876.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wen, X., Chen, W., Muscat, J. E., Qian, Z., Lu, C., Zhang, C. & Ling, W. (2007). Modifiable family and school environmental factors associated with smoking status among adolescents in Guangzhou, China. Preventive Medicine, 45, 189–197.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White, J. (2012). The contribution of parent–child interactions to smoking experimentation in adolescence: Implications for prevention. Health Education Research, 27, 46–56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiborg G. & Hanewinkel R. (2002). Effectiveness of the “Smoke-Free Class Competition” in delaying the onset of smoking in adolescence. Preventive Medicine, 35, 241–249.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, J. & Lin, S. D. (2012). The effectiveness of anti-smoking advertisements on Chinese adolescents: A gender difference. Journal of International Communication, 5, 86–92.
   Google Scholar
• Yang, G. (2004). China health prevention project loaned by World Bank-Health VII project: Health promotion component internal evaluation report. Retrieved from http://www.chinacdc.cn/n272442/n272530/n294176/n340510/appendix/040531.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Yang, G., Fan, L., Tan, J., Qi, G., Zhang, Y., Samet, J. M. & Xu, J. (1999). Smoking in China: Findings of the 1996 National Prevalence Survey. JAMA, 282, 1247–1253.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, G., Ma, J., Liu, N. & Zhou, L. (2005). An investigation on smoking and second-hand smoking investigation among Chinese population in 2002. Chinese Journal of Epidemiology, 26, 77–83.
   Google Scholar