Effects of Moral Frames Within Vaping Prevention Messages on Current smokers’ Support for Electronic Cigarette Regulations

References

• Amin, A. B., Bednarczyk, R. A., Ray, C. E., Melchiori, K. J., Graham, J., Huntsinger, J. R., & Omer, S. B. (2017). Association of moral values with vaccine hesitancy. Nature Human Behaviour, 1(12), 873–880. doi:10.1038/s41562-017-0256-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amrock, S. M., Zakhar, J., Zhou, S., & Weitzman, M. (2015). Perception of e-cigarette harm and its correlation with use among US adolescents. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 17(3), 330–336. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntu156
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bayerle, H., Ike, J., Logan, R., & Parker, R. (2022). Sophocles’ philoctetes and moral injury in the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Health Communication, 27(2), 1–6. doi:10.1080/10810730.2022.2054032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borland, R., Yong, H. H., Siahpush, M., Hyland, A., Campbell, S., Hastings, G., and Fong G. T. (2006). Support for and reported compliance with smoke-free restaurants and bars by smokers in four countries: Findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey. Tobacco control, 15(suppl 3), iii34–iii41. doi:10.1136/tc.2004.008748
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cameron, C. D., Lindquist, K. A., & Gray, K. (2015). A constructionist review of morality and emotions: No evidence for specific links between moral content and discrete emotions. Personality & Social Psychology Review, 19, 371–394. doi:10.1177/1088868314566683
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CDC (2020). Outbreak of lung injury associated with the use of e-cigarette, or vaping, products. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/basic_information/e-cigarettes/severe-lung-disease.html.
   Google Scholar
• Chan, G. C., Stjepanović, D., Lim, C., Sun, T., Anandan, A. S., Connor, J. P., and Gartner, C. (2021). A systematic review of randomized controlled trials and network meta-analysis of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation. Addictive Behaviors, 119, 106912. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106912
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho, H., & Salmon, C. T. (2007). Unintended effects of health communication campaigns. Journal of Communication, 57(2), 293–317.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clifford, S., & Wendell, D. G. (2016). How disgust influences health purity attitudes. Political Behavior, 38(1), 155–178. doi:10.1007/s11109-015-9310-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dehghani, M., Johnson, K., Hoover, J., Sagi, E., Garten, J., Parmar, N. J., and Graham, J. (2016). Purity homophily in social networks. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 145(3), 366.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duong, H. T., & Liu, J. (2019). Vaping in the news: The influence of news exposure on perceived e-cigarette use norms. American Journal of Health Education, 50(1), 25–39. doi:10.1080/19325037.2018.1548315
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FDA (2020). Retrieved from https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-finalizes-enforcement-policy-unauthorized-flavored-cartridge-based-e-cigarettes-appeal-children
   Google Scholar
• Feinberg, M., & Willer, R. (2015). From gulf to bridge: When do moral arguments facilitate political influence? Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 41(12), 1665–1681. doi:10.1177/0146167215607842
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fishbein, M., & Cappella, J. N. (2006). The role of theory in developing effective health communications. Journal of Communication, 56(suppl_1), S1–17. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00280.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham, J., Haidt, J., Motyl, M., Meindl, P., Iskiwitch, C., & Mooijman, M. (2018). Moral foundations theory: On the advantages of moral pluralism over moral monism. In K. Gray & J. Graham (Eds.), The atlas of moral psychology (pp. 211–222). New York: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Graham, J., Nosek, B. A., Haidt, J., Iyer, R., Koleva, S., & Ditto, P. H. (2011). Mapping the moral domain. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 101(2), 366. doi:10.1037/a0021847
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gray, K., & Wegner, D. M. (2011). Dimensions of moral emotions. Emotion Review, 3(3), 258–260. doi:10.1177/1754073911402388
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guttman, N., & Ressler, W. H. (2001). On being responsible: Ethical issues in appeals to personal responsibility in health campaigns. Journal of Health Communication, 6(2), 117–136. doi:10.1080/108107301750254466
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haidt, J. (2012). The righteous mind: Why good people are divided by politics and religion. New York: Pantheon Books.
   Google Scholar
• Hayes, A. F. (2015). An index and test of linear moderated mediation. Multivariate behavioral research, 50(1), 1–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes, A. F. (2017). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. New York: Guilford publications.
   Google Scholar
• Hoover, J., Portillo-Wightman, G., Yeh, L., Havaldar, S., Davani, A. M., Lin, Y., and Dehghani, M. (2020). Moral foundations twitter corpus: A collection of 35k tweets annotated for moral sentiment. Social Psychological & Personality Science, 11(8), 1057–1071.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iyer, R., Koleva, S., Graham, J., Ditto, P., Haidt, J., & Young, L. (2012). Understanding libertarian morality: The psychological dispositions of self-identified libertarians. PLos One, 7(8), e42366. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0042366
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jun, J., Wen, T. J., & Wu, L. (2020). The effects of self vs. group affirmation and message framing on college students’ vape-free campus policy support. online first Health Communication, 36(11), 1441–1451. doi:10.1080/10410236.2020.1767446
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ju, Y., & You, M. (2021). The outrage effect of personal stake, dread, and moral nature on fine dust risk perception moderated by media use. Health Communication, 36(7), 866–876. doi:10.1080/10410236.2020.1723046
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katz, S. H. (1997). Morality and health. In A. M. Brandt & P. Rozin (Eds.), Morality and health (pp. 297–330). Florence, KY: Taylor & Frances/Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Kidwell, B., Farmer, A., & Hardesty, D. M. (2013). Getting liberals and conservatives to go green: Political ideology and congruent appeals. The Journal of Consumer Research, 40(2), 350–367. doi:10.1086/670610
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koleva, S. P., Graham, J., Iyer, R., Ditto, P. H., & Haidt, J. (2012). Tracing the threads: How five moral concerns (especially Purity) help explain culture war attitudes. Journal of Research in Personality, 46(2), 184–194. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2012.01.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kriss, L. A., Quick, B. L., Rains, S. A., & Barbati, J. L. (2022). Psychological reactance theory and COVID-19 vaccine mandates: The roles of threat magnitude and direction of threat. Journal of Health Communication, 27(9), 654–663. doi:10.1080/10810730.2022.2148023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Layden, J. E., Ghinai, I., Pray, I., Kimball, A., Layer, M., Tenforde, M. W.,and Navon, L. (2020). Pulmonary illness related to e-cigarette use in Illinois and Wisconsin. The New England Journal of Medicine, 382(10), 903–916. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1911614
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Margham, J., McAdam, K., Forster, M., Liu, C., Wright, C., Mariner, D., & Proctor, C. (2016). Chemical composition of aerosol from an e-cigarette: A quantitative comparison with cigarette smoke. Chemical Research in Toxicology, 29(10), 1662–1678. doi:10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00188
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGuire, W. J. (1972). Attitude change: The information-processing paradigm. In C. G. McClintock (Ed.), Experimental Social Psychology (p. 10841). New York: Holt.
   Google Scholar
• McLeod, D. M., & Shah, D. V. (2014). News frames and national security. UK: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mello, S., Bigman, C. A., Sanders-Jackson, A., & Tan, A. S. L. (2016). Perceived harm of secondhand electronic cigarette vapors and policy support to restrict public vaping: Results from a national survey of US adults. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 18(5), 686–693. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntv232
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nabi, R. L. (2003). Exploring the framing effects of emotion: Do discrete emotions differentially influence information accessibility, information seeking, and policy preference? Communication Research, 30(2), 224–247. doi:10.1177/0093650202250881
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nan, X. (2012). Relative persuasiveness of gain-versus loss-framed human papillomavirus vaccination messages for the present-and future-minded. Human Communication Research, 38(1), 72–94. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.2011.01419.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Keefe, D. J., & Nan, X. (2012). The relative persuasiveness of gain-and loss-framed messages for promoting vaccination: A meta-analytic review. Health Communication, 27(8), 776–783. doi:10.1080/10410236.2011.640974
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pechmann, C., & Knight, S. J. (2002). An experimental investigation of the joint effects of advertising and peers on adolescents’ beliefs and intentions about cigarette consumption. The Journal of Consumer Research, 29(1), 5–19. doi:10.1086/339918
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosseel, Y. (2012). Lavaan: An R package for structural equation modeling. Journal of Statistical Software, 48, 1–36.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rozin, P., Haidt, J., & McCauley, C. (2009). Disgust: The body and soul emotion in the 21st century. In B. O. Olatunji & D. McKay, Disgust and its disorders: Theory, assessment, and treatment implications (pp. 9–29). American Psychological Association. doi:10.1037/11856-001
   Google Scholar
• Rozin, P., & Singh, L. (1999). The moralization of cigarette smoking in the United States. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 8(3), 321–337. doi:10.1207/s15327663jcp0803_07
   Google Scholar
• Scheufele, D. A. (1999). Framing as a theory of media effects. Journal of Communication, 49(1), 103–122. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1999.tb02784.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen, L. (2011). The effectiveness of empathy-versus fear-arousing antismoking PSAs. Health Communication, 26(5), 404–415. doi:10.1080/10410236.2011.552480
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan, A. S., Bigman, C. A., & Sanders-Jackson, A. (2015). Sociodemographic correlates of self-reported exposure to e-cigarette communications and its association with public support for smoke-free and vape-free policies: Results from a national survey of US adults. Tobacco Control, 24(6), 574–581. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051685
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tattan‐Birch, H., Jackson, S. E., Kock, L., Dockrell, M., & Brown, J. (2023). Rapid growth in disposable e‐cigarette vaping among young adults in Great Britain from 2021 to 2022: A repeat cross‐sectional survey. Addiction, 118(2), 382–386.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vogel, E. A., Ramo, D. E., & Rubinstein, M. L. (2018). Prevalence and correlates of adolescents’ E-cigarette use frequency and dependence. Drug & Alcohol Dependence, 188, 109–112. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.03.051
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wan, H. H. (2008). Resonance as a mediating factor accounting for the message effect in tailored communication—Examining crisis communication in a tourism context. Journal of Communication, 58(3), 472–489. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2008.00395.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolsko, C., Ariceaga, H., & Seiden, J. (2016). Red, white, and blue enough to be green: Effects of moral framing on climate change attitudes and conservation behaviors. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 65, 7–19. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2016.02.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, S., Maloney, E. K., Tan, A. S., & Cappella, J. N. (2018). When visual cues activate moral foundations: Unintended effects of visual portrayals of vaping within electronic cigarette video advertisements. Human Communication Research, 44(3), 223–246. doi:10.1093/hcr/hqy004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, E. F., Shah, D. V., Burnside, E. S., Little, T. A., Garino, N., & Campbell, C. E. (2020). Framing the clinical encounter: Shared decision-making, mammography screening, and decision satisfaction. Journal of Health Communication, 25(9), 681–691. doi:10.1080/10810730.2020.1838003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, X., & Wang, B. (2021). Framing and blaming: Media coverage of coal mining accident coverups in China. The Extractive Industries and Society, 8(2), 100895.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, Y. Y., Bu, F. L., Dong, F., Wang, J. H., Zhu, S. J., Zhang, X. W. ,and Robinson, N. (2021). The effect of e-cigarettes on smoking cessation and cigarette smoking initiation: An evidence-based rapid review and meta-analysis. Tobacco Induced Diseases, 19(January), 1–15. doi:10.18332/tid/131624
   Google Scholar