References
- Anderson, K. E. (2015). Ask me anything: What is Reddit? Library Hi Tech News, 32(5), 8–11. doi:10.7282/T3D220BR
- Bamakan, S. M. H., Nurgaliev, I., & Qu, Q. (2019). Opinion leader detection: A methodological review. Expert Systems with Applications, 115, 200–222. doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2018.07.069
- Barker, J. O., & Rohde, J. A. (2019). Topic clustering of e-cigarette submissions among Reddit communities: A network perspective. Health Education & Behavior, 46(2_suppl), 59S–68S. doi:10.1177/1090198119863770
- Baumgartner, J., Zannettou, S., Keegan, B., Squire, M., & Blackburn, J. (2020). The Pushshift Reddit Dataset. Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media. 14(1). 830–839. doi:10.1609/icwsm.v14i1.7347
- Berkman, L. F., Glass, T., Brissette, I., & Seeman, T. E. (2000). From social integration to health: Durkheim in the new millennium. Social Science & Medicine, 51(6), 843–857. doi:10.1016/S0277-9536(00)00065-4
- Chen, L., Lu, X., Yuan, J., Luo, J., Luo, J., Xie, Z., & Li, D. (2020). A social media study on the associations of flavored electronic cigarettes with health symptoms: Observational study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(6), e17496. doi:10.2196/17496
- Chu, K. H., Majmundar, A., Allem, J. P., Soto, D. W., Cruz, T. B., & Unger, J. B. (2019). Tobacco use behaviors, attitudes, and demographic characteristics of tobacco opinion leaders and their followers: Twitter analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 21(6), e12676. doi:10.2196/12676
- Coulson, N. S. (2013). How do online patient support communities affect the experience of inflammatory bowel disease? An online survey. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine Short Reports, 4(8), 204253331347800. doi:10.1177/2042533313478004
- Dai, H., & Hao, J. (2017). Mining social media data for opinion polarities about electronic cigarettes. Tobacco Control, 26(2), 175–180. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052818
- Dewi, F. K., Yudhoatmojo, S. B., & Budi, I. (2017). Identification of opinion leader on rumor spreading in online social network twitter using edge weighting and centrality measure weighting International Conference on Digital Information Management (ICDIM). Fukuoka, Japan.
- Freelon, D. (2010). ReCal: Intercoder reliability calculation as a web service. International Journal of Internet Science, 5(1), 20–33.
- Gaiha, S. M., Lin, C., Lempert, L. K., & Halpern-Felsher, B. (2022). Use patterns, flavors, brands, and ingredients of nonnicotine e-cigarettes among adolescents, young adults, and adults in the United States. JAMA Network Open, 5(5), e2216194–e2216194. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.16194
- Hagberg, A. A., Schult, D. A., & Swart, P. J. (2008). Exploring network structure, dynamics, and function using NetworkX. 7th Python in Science Conference (SciPy2008), Pasadena, CA.
- Ketonen, V., & Malik, A. (2020). Characterizing vaping posts on Instagram by using unsupervised machine learning. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 141, 104223–104229. doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2020.104223
- Kilgo, D. K., Yoo, J., Sinta, V., Geise, S., Suran, M., & Johnson, T. J. (2016). Led it on Reddit: An exploratory study examining opinion leadership on Reddit. First Monday, 21(9). doi:10.5210/fm.v21i9.6429
- Kwon, M., & Park, E. (2020). Perceptions and sentiments about electronic cigarettes on social media platforms: Systematic review. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, 6(1), e13673. doi:10.2196/13673
- Langley, T., Bell-Williams, R., Pattinson, J., Britton, J., & Bains, M. (2019). ‘I felt welcomed in like they’re a little family in there, I felt like I was joining a team or something’: Vape shop customers’ experiences of e-cigarette use, vape shops and the vaping community. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(13), 2341. doi:10.3390/ijerph16132341
- Lapinski, M. K., & Rimal, R. N. (2005). An explication of social norms. Communication Theory, 15(2), 127–147. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2885.2005.tb00329.x
- Lazard, A. J., Saffer, A. J., Wilcox, G. B., Chung, A. D., Mackert, M. S., & Bernhardt, J. M. (2016). E-cigarette social media messages: A text mining analysis of marketing and consumer conversations on Twitter. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, 2(2), e6551. doi:10.2196/publichealth.6551
- Lazarsfeld, P. F., Berelson, B., & Gaudet, H. (1948). The people’s choice. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
- Lucherini, M. (2022). The affective economy of vaping: A qualitative analysis of responses to an online questionnaire. Critical Public Health, 32(5), 737–746. doi:10.1080/09581596.2021.1950638
- Majmundar, A., Allem, J. P., Unger, J. B., & Cruz, T. B. (2021). Vaping and COVID-19: Insights for public health and clinical care from Twitter. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(21), 11231. doi:10.3390/ijerph182111231
- Martinez, L. S., Hughes, S., Walsh-Buhi, E. R., & Tsou, M. H. (2018). “Okay, we get it. You vape”: An analysis of geocoded content, context, and sentiment regarding e-cigarettes on Twitter. Journal of Health Communication, 23(6), 550–562. doi:10.1080/10810730.2018.1493057
- McCausland, K., Maycock, B., Leaver, T., & Jancey, J. (2019). The messages presented in electronic cigarette-related social media promotions and discussion: Scoping review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 21(2), e11953. doi:10.2196/11953
- Park, C. S., & Kaye, B. K. (2017). The tweet goes on: Interconnection of Twitter opinion leadership, network size, and civic engagement. Computers in Human Behavior, 69, 174–180. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.12.021
- Pearson, J. L., & Villanti, A. C. (2020). It is past time to consider cannabis in vaping research. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 22(5), 597–598. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntaa012
- Pew Research Center. (2021). Social media fact sheet. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/fact-sheet/social-media/
- Proferes, N., Jones, N., Gilbert, S., Fiesler, C., & Zimmer, M. (2021). Studying Reddit: A systematic overview of disciplines, approaches, methods, and ethics. Social Media + Society, 7(2), 1–14. doi:10.1177/20563051211019004
- Qian, Y., Gui, W., Ma, F., & Dong, Q. (2021). Exploring features of social support in a Chinese online smoking cessation community: A multidimensional content analysis of user interaction data. Health Informatics Journal, 27(2), 146045822110214. doi:10.1177/14604582211021472
- Rogers, E. M. (1983). Diffusion of innovations. New York, NY: Free Press.
- Shelton, R. C., Lee, M., Brotzman, L. E., Crookes, D. M., Jandorf, L., Erwin, D., & Gage-Bouchard, E. A. (2019). Use of social network analysis in the development, dissemination, implementation, and sustainability of health behavior interventions for adults: A systematic review. Social Science & Medicine, 220, 81–101. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.10.013
- Sidani, J. E., Hoffman, B. L., Colditz, J. B., Melcher, E., Taneja, S. B. … Chu, K. H. (2022). E-cigarette-related nicotine misinformation on social media. Substance Use & Misuse, 57(4), 588–594. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2022.2026963
- Soule, E. K., Mayne, S., Snipes, W., Guy, M. C., Breland, A., & Fagan, P. (2020). Impacts of COVID-19 on electronic cigarette purchasing, use and related behaviors. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(18), 6762. doi:10.3390/ijerph17186762
- Suarez-Lledo, V., & Alvarez-Galvez, J. (2021). Prevalence of health misinformation on social media: Systematic review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(1), e17187. doi:10.2196/17187
- Tokle, R., & Pedersen, W. (2019). “Cloud chasers” and “substitutes”: E‐cigarettes, vaping subcultures and vaper identities. Sociology of Health & Illness, 41(5), 917–932. doi:10.1111/1467-9566.12854
- Valente, T. W. (1996). Social network thresholds in the diffusion of innovations. Social Networks, 18(1), 69–89. doi:10.1016/0378-8733(95)00256-1
- Valente, T. W. (2010). Social networks and health: Models, methods, and applications. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195301014.001.0001
- Valente, T. W. (2012). Network interventions. Science, 337(6090), 49–53. doi:10.1126/science.1217330
- Valente, T. W., & Davis, R. L. (1999). Accelerating the diffusion of innovations using opinion leaders. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 566(1), 55–67. doi:10.1177/000271629956600105
- Valente, T. W., & Pumpuang, P. (2007). Identifying opinion leaders to promote behavior change. Health Education & Behavior, 34(6), 881–896. doi:10.1177/1090198106297855
- van Eenbergen, M. C., van de Poll-Franse, L. V., Krahmer, E., Verberne, S., & Mols, F. (2018). Analysis of content shared in online cancer communities: Systematic review. JMIR Cancer, 4(1), e7926. doi:10.2196/cancer.7926
- Vassey, J., Valente, T., Barker, J., Stanton, C., Li, D. … Unger, J. B. (2022). E-cigarette brands and social media influencers on Instagram: A social network analysis. Tobacco Control, tobaccocontrol-2021–057053. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-057053
- Wasserman, S., & Faust, K. (1994). Social network analysis: Methods and applications. Cambridge University Press.
- Wellman, B., & Leighton, B. (1979). Networks, neighborhoods, and communities: Approaches to the study of the community question. Urban Affairs Quarterly, 14(3), 363–390. doi:10.1177/107808747901400305
- Wright, C., Williams, P., Elizarova, O., Dahne, J., Bian, J., Zhao, Y., & Tan, A. S. L. (2021). Effects of brief exposure to misinformation about e-cigarette harms on twitter: A randomised controlled experiment. British Medical Journal Open, 11(9), e045445. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045445