Some Slice of Climate Anxiety … Is Good: A Cross-Sectional Survey Exploring the Relationship Between College Students Media Exposure and Perceptions About Climate Change

References

• Andrews, K. T., & Caren, N. (2010). Making the news: Movement Organizations, media attention, and the Public Agenda. American Sociological Review, 75(6), 841–866. doi:10.1177/0003122410386689
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baden, D., McIntyre, K., & Homberg, F. (2019). The impact of constructive news on affective and behavioural responses. Journalism Studies, 20(13), 1940–1959. doi:10.1080/1461670X.2018.1545599
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandura, A. (1998). Personal and collective efficacy in human adaptation and change. Advances in Psychological Science, 1(1), 51–71.
   Google Scholar
• Bandura, A. (2000). Exercise of human agency through collective efficacy. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 9(3), 75–78. doi:10.1111/1467-8721.00064
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barlow, D. H. (2004). Anxiety and its disorders: The nature and treatment of anxiety and panic. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bieniek-Tobasco, A., Rimal, R. N., McCormick, S., & Harrington, C. B. (2020). The power of being transported: Efficacy beliefs, risk perceptions, and political affiliation in the context of climate change. Science Communication, 42(6), 776–802. doi:10.1177/1075547020951794
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Box, G. E. P., & Watson, G. S. (1962). Robustness to non-normality of regression tests. Biometrika, 49(1/2), 93–106. doi:10.1093/biomet/49.1-2.93
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brulle, R. J., Carmichael, J., & Jenkins, J. C. (2012). Shifting public opinion on climate change: An empirical assessment of factors influencing concern over climate change in the US, 2002–2010. Climatic Change, 114(2), 169–188. doi:10.1007/s10584-012-0403-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burnham, M., & Ma, Z. (2017). Climate change adaptation: Factors influencing Chinese smallholder farmers’ perceived self-efficacy and adaptation intent. Regional Environmental Change, 17(1), 171–186. doi:10.1007/s10113-016-0975-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaffee, S. H., & Schleuder, J. (1986). Measurement and effects of attention to media news. Human Communication Research, 13(1), 76–107. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1986.tb00096.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, M.-F. (2015). Self-efficacy or collective efficacy within the cognitive theory of stress model: Which more effectively explains people’s self-reported proenvironmental behavior? Journal of Environmental Psychology, 42, 66–75. doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2015.02.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chow, G. M., & Feltz, D. L. (2014). Collective Efficacy Beliefs and Sport. In M. R. Beauchamp, & M. Eys (Eds.), Group Dynamics in Exercise and Sport Psychology (2nd ed., pp. 298–316). London: Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Clayton, S., & Karazsia, B. T. (2020). Development and validation of a measure of climate change anxiety. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 69, 101434. doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2020.101434
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, A., Nahum-Shani, I., & Doveh, E. (2010). Further insight and additional inference methods for polynomial regression applied to the analysis of congruence. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 45(5), 828–852. doi:10.1080/00273171.2010.519272
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coleman, R., Thorson, E., Jimenez, C., & Vinton, K. (2022). Reaching science skeptics: How adaptive framing of climate change leads to positive responses via persuasion knowledge and perceived behavioral control. Communication Research, 392–414. doi:10.1177/00936502221084925 51 4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Core Team, R. (2023). (Version 4.2.3). Vienna, Austria. Retrieved May 12, 2024, from https://www.R-project.org/
   Google Scholar
• Crandon, T. J., Scott, J. G., Charlson, F. J., & Thomas, H. J. (2022). A social–ecological perspective on climate anxiety in children and adolescents. Nature Climate Change, 12(2), 123–131. doi:10.1038/s41558-021-01251-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Vreese, C., & Neijens, P. (2016). Measuring media exposure in a changing communications environment. Communication Methods and Measures, 10(2–3), 69–80. doi:10.1080/19312458.2016.1150441
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dodds, J. (2021). The psychology of climate anxiety. BJPsych Bulletin, 45(4), 222–226. doi:10.1192/bjb.2021.18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Etikan, I., Sulaiman, A. M., & Rukayya, S. A. (2016). Comparison of convenience sampling and purposive sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5(1), 1. doi:10.11648/j.ajtas.20160501.11
   Google Scholar
• Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.-G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39(2), 175–191. doi:10.3758/BF03193146
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feldman, L., & Hart, P. S. (2016). Using political efficacy messages to increase climate activism: The mediating role of emotions. Science Communication, 38(1), 99–127. doi:10.1177/1075547015617941
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ganguly, S. S. (2014). Robust regression analysis for non-normal situations under symmetric distributions arising in medical research. Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods, 13(1), 446–462. doi:10.22237/jmasm/1398918480
   Google Scholar
• Goddard, R. D. (2001). Collective efficacy: A neglected construct in the study of schools and student achievement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 93(3), 467. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.93.3.467
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrison, S., Macmillan, A., & Rudd, C. (2020). Framing climate change and health: New Zealand’s online news media. Health Promotion International, 35(6), 1320–1330. doi:10.1093/heapro/daz130
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hart, P. S., & Feldman, L. (2014). Threat without efficacy? Climate change on US network news. Science Communication, 36(3), 325–351. doi:10.1177/1075547013520239
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harvey, B. J. (2016). Human-caused climate change is now a key driver of forest fire activity in the western United States. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(42), 11649–11650. doi:10.1073/pnas.1612926113
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hickman, C., Marks, E., Pihkala, P., Clayton, S., Lewandowski, E. R. … van Susteren, L. (2021). Young People’s Voices on climate anxiety, government betrayal and moral injury: A global phenomenon ( SSRN Scholarly Paper 3918955). 10.2139/ssrn.3918955
   Google Scholar
• Homburg, A., & Stolberg A. (2006). Explaining pro-environmental behavior with a cognitive theory of stress. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 26(1), 1–14. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvp.2006.03.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hornsey, M. J., Chapman, C. M., & Oelrichs, D. M. (2021). Ripple effects: Can information about the collective impact of individual actions boost perceived efficacy about climate change? Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 97, 104217. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2021.104217
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, H. (2016). Media use, environmental beliefs, self-efficacy, and pro-environmental behavior. Journal of Business Research, 69(6), 2206–2212. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.12.031
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iacobucci, D., Schneider, M. J., Popovich, D. L., & Bakamitsos, G. A. (2016). Mean centering helps alleviate “micro” but not “macro” multicollinearity. Behavior Research Methods, 48(4), 1308–1317. doi:10.3758/s13428-015-0624-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Innocenti, M., Santarelli, G., Lombardi, G. S., Ciabini, L., Zjalic, D., Di Russo, M., & Cadeddu, C. (2023). How can climate change anxiety induce both pro-environmental behaviours and eco-paralysis? The mediating role of general self-efficacy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(4), Article 4. doi:10.3390/ijerph20043085 3085
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jackofsky, E. F., Ferris, K. R., & Breckenridge, B. G. (1986). Evidence for a curvilinear relationship between job performance and turnover. Journal of Management, 12(1), 105–111. doi:10.1177/014920638601200109
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnston, M. G., & Faulkner, C. (2021). A bootstrap approach is a superior statistical method for the comparison of non-normal data with differing variances. New Phytologist, 230(1), 23–26. doi:10.1111/nph.17159
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jugert, P., Greenaway, K. H., Barth, M., Büchner, R., Eisentraut, S., & Fritsche, I. (2016). Collective efficacy increases pro-environmental intentions through increasing self-efficacy. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 48, 12–23. doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2016.08.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klassen, R. M. (2004). A cross-cultural investigation of the efficacy beliefs of South Asian Immigrant and Anglo Canadian nonimmigrant early adolescents. Journal of Educational Psychology, 96(4), 731. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.96.4.731
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klassen, R. M., & Klassen, J. R. (2018). Self-efficacy beliefs of medical students: A critical review. Perspectives on Medical Education, 7(2), 76–82. doi:10.1007/S40037-018-0411-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koletsou, A., & Mancy, R. (2011). Which efficacy constructs for large-scale social dilemma problems? Individual and collective forms of efficacy and outcome expectancies in the context of climate change mitigation. Risk Management, 13(4), 184–208. doi:10.1057/rm.2011.12
   Google Scholar
• Loll, L., Schmatz, N., von Lonski, L., Cremer, L. D., & Richter, M. H. (2023). The influence of climate crisis-related media reporting on the eco-anxiety of individuals. Interdisciplinary Journal of Environmental and Science Education, 19(2), e2306. doi:10.29333/ijese/13044
   Google Scholar
• Loy, L. S., Hamann, K. R. S., & Reese, G. (2020). Navigating through the jungle of information. Informational self-efficacy predicts climate change-related media exposure, knowledge, and behaviour. Climatic Change, 163(4), 2097–2116. doi:10.1007/s10584-020-02918-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maran, D. A., & Begotti, T. (2021). Media exposure to climate change, anxiety, and efficacy beliefs in a sample of Italian university students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(17), 9358. doi:10.3390/ijerph18179358
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCombs, M. (2004). Setting the agenda: The mass media and public opinion.(Repr. ed). Cambridge: Blaekwe11 Pub.
   Google Scholar
• Miller, L. B., Rice, R. E., Gustafson, A., & Goldberg, M. H. (2022). Relationships among environmental attitudes, environmental efficacy, and pro-environmental behaviors across and within 11 countries. Environment and Behavior, 54(7–8), 1063–1096. doi:10.1177/00139165221131002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morling, B. (2020). Research methods in psychology: Evaluating a world of information (Fourth edition). New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
   Google Scholar
• Mzimela, J. H., & Moyo, I. (2023). A systematic review of collective efficacy for supporting adaptation-related responses to climate hazards. Sustainability, 15(12), Article 12. doi:10.3390/su15129256 9256
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogunbode, C., Doran, R., Hanss, D., Ytre-Arne, B., Moe, H., Ojala, M., & Salmela-Aro, K. (2019). Investigating associations between media exposure, Climate Anxiety and Mental Health (MECAMH). Retrieved from https://osf.io/6n4rb/
   Google Scholar
• Ojala, M. (2012). Regulating worry, promoting hope: How do children, adolescents, and young adults cope with climate change? International Journal of Environmental & Science Education, 7(4), 537–561.
   Google Scholar
• Ou, C. H., Hall, W. A., Rodney, P., & Stremler, R. (2022). Correlates of Canadian mothers’ anger during the postpartum period: A cross-sectional survey. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 22(1), 163. doi:10.1186/s12884-022-04479-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roy, T. (1995). Robust non-linear regression analysis. Journal of Chemometrics, 9(6), 451–457. doi:10.1002/cem.1180090603
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sainani, K. L. (2012). Dealing with non-normal data. PM&R, 4(12), 1001–1005. doi:10.1016/j.pmrj.2012.10.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skurka, C., Troy, C., Cui, Z., & Gil de Zúñiga, H. (2023). Efficacy constructs in media use and effects: Organizing and appraising the literature. Annals of the International Communication Association, 47(1), 114–149. doi:10.1080/23808985.2022.2142150
   Google Scholar
• Slater, M. D. (2004). Operationalizing and analyzing exposure: The Foundation of Media Effects Research. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 81(1), 168–183. doi:10.1177/107769900408100112
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slater, M. D., & Rasinski, K. A. (2005). Media exposure and attention as mediating variables influencing social risk judgments. Journal of Communication, 55(4), 810–827. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2005.tb03024.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thaker, J., Howe, P., Leiserowitz, A., & Maibach, E. (2019). Perceived collective efficacy and trust in government influence public engagement with climate change-related water conservation policies. Environmental Communication, 13(5), 681–699. doi:10.1080/17524032.2018.1438302
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United Nations. (2022, April 4). UN climate report: It’s ‘now or never’ to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees. UN News. https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/04/1115452
   Google Scholar
• United Nations. (n.d.). Climate adaptation. United Nations; United Nations. https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/climate-adaptation
   Google Scholar
• van Valkengoed, A. M., & Steg, L. (2019). Meta-analyses of factors motivating climate change adaptation behaviour. Nature Climate Change, 9(2), 158–163. doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0371-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Western, B. (1995). Concepts and suggestions for robust regression analysis. American Journal of Political Science, 39(3), 786–817. doi:10.2307/2111654
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitmarsh, L., Player, L., Jiongco, A., James, M., Williams, M., Marks, E., & Kennedy-Williams, P. (2022). Climate anxiety: What predicts it and how is it related to climate action? Journal of Environmental Psychology, 83, 101866. doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2022.101866
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wimmer, R. D., & Dominick, J. R. (2013). Mass media research. Boston, MA: Cengage learning.
   Google Scholar
• Wullenkord, M. C., Tröger, J., Hamann, K. R., Loy, L. S., & Reese, G. (2021). Anxiety and climate change: A validation of the climate anxiety scale in a German-speaking quota sample and an investigation of psychological correlates. Climatic Change, 168(3–4), 20. doi:10.1007/s10584-021-03234-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, J., Snell, G., & Samji, H. (2020). Climate anxiety in young people: A call to action. The Lancet Planetary Health, 4(10), e435–e436. doi:10.1016/S2542-5196(20)30223-0
   PubMedGoogle Scholar