Urban sanitation and the decline of mortality

References

• Alsan, M., & Goldin, C. (2015). Watersheds in infant mortality: The role of effective water and sewerage infrastructure, 1880 to 1915. NBER Working Paper Series, no. 21,263.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, D. M., Charles, K. K., & Rees, D. I. (2018). Public health and the decline in urban mortality. NBER Working Paper Series, no. 25,027.
   Google Scholar
• Bailey, R., Hatton, T., & Inwood, K. (2018). ‘Atmospheric pollution, health and height in late-nineteenth century Britain, Journal of Economic History, 78, 1210–1247.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beach, B., & Hanlon, W. W. (2018). ‘Coal smoke and mortality in an early-industrial economy. Economic Journal, 128, 2652–2675.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett, R. J. (2012). Urban population database, 1801-1911. Cheltenham: UK Data Archive.
   Google Scholar
• Booth, C. (1894). The aged poor in England and wales. London: Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Broadberry, S., Campbell, B., Klein, A., Overton, M., & Van Leeuwen, B. (2015). British economic growth, 1270-1870. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Cain, L., & Rotella, E. (2001). Death and spending: Urban mortality and municipal expenditure on sanitation. Annales de Démographie Historique, 1, 139–154.
   Google Scholar
• Cairncross, S., Hunt, C., Boisson, S., Bostoen, K., Curtis, V., Fung, I., & Schmidt, W.-C. (2010). Water, sanitation and hygiene for the prevention of diarrhoea. International Journal of Epidemiology, 39, i193–i205.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caldwell, J. (2006). Demographic transition theory. Dordrecht: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Chapman, J. (2017). The contribution of infrastructure investment to Britain’s urban mortality decline 1861–1900. Retrieved November 21,2018, from http://www.histproj.org/completed/Chapman.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Chapman, J. (2019). The contribution of infrastructure investment to Britain’s urban mortality decline 1861–1900. Economic History Review, 72(1), 233–259.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cutler, D., & Miller, G. (2005). The role of public health improvements in health advances in the twentieth century United States. Demography, 42, 1–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cutler, D., & Miller, G. (2016). Erratum. ‘The role of public health improvements in health advances: the twentieth-century United States’. Retrieved from https://ngmiller.people.stanford.edu/sites/g/files/sbiybj4811/f/erratum.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Cutler, D., & Miller, G. (2018). Comment on “Public health efforts and the decline in urban mortality’. Retrieved from http://ngmiller.people.stanford.edu/sites/g/files/sbiybj4811/f/comment_1.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Davenport, R., Satchell, M., & Shaw-Taylor, L. (2019). Cholera as a “sanitary test” of British cities, 1832-1866. History of the Family, 24(2).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Davis, K. (1955). The origin and growth of urbanisation in the world. American Journal of Sociology, 60(5), 429–437.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Looper, M., Booth, H., & Baffour, B. (2019). Sanitary improvement and mortality in Sydney, NSW, 1857-1906: Drinking water and dunnies and determinants. History of the Family, 24(2).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• De Vries, J. (1984). European urbanisation, 1500-1800. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dyson, T. (2011). The role of the demographic transition in the process of urbanisation. Population and Development Review, 37(Supplement), 34–54.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ewald, P. W. (1991). Waterborne transmission and the evolution of virulence among gastrointestinal bacteria. Epidemiology and Infection, 106, 83–119.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrie, J., & Troesken, W. (2008). Water and Chicago’s mortality transition, 1850-1925. Explorations in Economic History, 45, 1–16.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flinn, M. (ed). (1965). Report on the sanitary condition of the labouring population of Great Britain, by Edwin Chadwick, 1842. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Flora, P., Kraus, K., & Pfenning, W. (1987). State, economy and society in western Europe, 1815-1975: A data handbook in two volumes. Volume II. The growth of industrial societies and capitalist economies. Frankfurt: Campus Verlag.
   Google Scholar
• Floris, J., & Staub, K. (2019). Water, sanitation and mortality in Swiss towns in the context of urban renewal in the late-nineteenth century. History of the Family, 24(2).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Floud, R., Fogel, R., Harris, B., & Hong, S. C. (2011). The changing body: Health, nutrition and human development in the western world since 1700. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Floud, R., Wachter, K., & Gregory, A. (1990). Height, health and history: Nutritional status in the United Kingdom, 1750-1980. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fogel, R. (1986), Nutrition and the decline in mortality since 1700: Some preliminary findings, In S. Engerman and R. Gallman, eds., Long-term factors in American economic growth. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 439–555.
   Google Scholar
• Fogel, R. (2004). The escape from hunger and premature death, 1700-2100. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fogel, R. W., Engerman, S. L., Trussell, J., Floud, R., Pope, C. L., & Wimmer, L. T. (1978, Spring). The economics of mortality in North America, 1650-1910: A description of a research project. Historical Methods, 11(2), 75–108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallardo Albarrán, D. (2018). Sanitary infrastructure and the decline of mortality in Germany, 1877-1913. GGDC Research Memorandum, 176.
   Google Scholar
• Habakkuk, H. J. (1953). English population in the eighteenth century. Economic History Review, 6(second series), 117–133.
   Google Scholar
• Hamlin, C. (1982). Edward Frankland’s early career as London’s official water analyst, 1865-76: The context of “pervious sewage contamination”. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 56(1), 56–76.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardy, A. (1984). Water and the search for public health in London in the eighteenth and ninteteenth centuries. Medical History, 28, 250–282.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardy, A. (1994). “Death is the cure of all diseases”: Using the general register office cause-of-death statistics for 1837-1920. Social History of Medicine, 7(3), 472–492.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris, B. (2004). Public health, nutrition and the decline of mortality: The McKeown thesis revisited. Social History of Medicine, 17, 379–407.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris, B., Floud, R., & Hong, S. C. (2015). How many calories? Food availability in England and Wales in the 18th and 19th centuries. Research in Economic History, 31, 111–191.
   Google Scholar
• Harris, B., & Hinde, A. (2019). Sanitary investment and the decline of urban mortality in England and Wales, 1817-1914. History of the Family, 24(2).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hassan, J. (1985). The growth and impact of the British water industry in the nineteenth century. Economic History Review, 38, 531–547.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hassan, J. (1998). A history of water in modern England and Wales. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Helgertz, J., & Önnerfors, M. (2019). Public water and sewerage investments and the urban mortality decline in Sweden 1875–1930. History of the Family, 24(2).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hicks, J. R. (1942). The social framework. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hinde, A., & Harris, B. (2019). Mortality decline by cause in urban and rural England and Wales, 1851-1910. History of the Family, 24(2).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hubbard, W. H. (2000, September). The Urban penalty: Towns and mortality in nineteenth-century Norway. Continuity and Change, 15(2), 331–350.
   Google Scholar
• Jaadla, H., & Puur, A. (2016). The impact of water supply and sanitation on infant mortality: Individual-level evidence from Tartu, Estonia, 1897-1900. Population Studies, 70(2), 163–179.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johansson, S. R. (2010). Medics, monarchs and mortality: Origins of the knowledge-driven health transition in Europe. Oxford Economic and Social History Working Papers, no. 85.
   Google Scholar
• Kesztenbaum, L., & Rosenthal, J.-L. (2017). Sewers’ diffusion and the decline of mortality: The case of Paris, 1880–1914. Journal of Urban Economics, 98C, 174–186.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, R., & Mason, A. (2006). What is the demographic dividend? Finance and Development, 43(3). Retrieved from https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2006/09/basics.htm
   Google Scholar
• Leon, D. (2007). Cities, urbanisation and health. International Journal of Epidemiology, 37, 4–8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKeown, T. (1976). The modern rise of population. London: Edward Arnold.
   Google Scholar
• McKeown, T., & Brown, R. G. (1955). Medical evidence related to English population changes in the eighteenth century. Population Studies, 9, 119–141.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKeown, T., Brown, R. G., & Record, R. G. (1972). An interpretation of the modern rise of population in Europe. Population Studies, 26, 345–382.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKeown, T., & Record, R. G. (1962). Reasons for the decline of mortality in England and wales during the nineteenth century. Population Studies, 16, 94–122.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mercer, A. (2014). Infections, chronic disease and the epidemiological transition: A new perspective. Rochester, NY: Rochester University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Meredith, D., & Oxley, D. (2014). Food and fodder: Feeding England, 1700-1900. Past and Present, 222, 163–214.
   Google Scholar
• Millward, R., & Bell, F. (1998). Economic factors in the decline of mortality in late-nineteenth century Britain. European Review of Economic History, 2, 263–288.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mooney, G. (2015). Intrusive interventions: Public health, domestic space and infectious disease surveillance in England, 1840-1914. Rochester, NY: Rochester University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ogasawara, K., & Inoue, T. (2016). Public health improvements and mortality in early-twentieth century Japan. Department of Industrial Engineering and Economics, Tokyo Institute of Technology Working Papers, no. 2016-4.
   Google Scholar
• Omran, A. (1971). The epidemiologic transition: A theory of the epidemiology of population change. Milbank Memorial Quarterly, 49(4), 509–538.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Parliamentary Papers. (1893). PP 1893-4 C. 6948-I cv, 1, Census of England and Wales: Area, Houses and population. Vol. II. Registration areas and sanitary districts. London: HMSO.
   Google Scholar
• Parliamentary Papers. (1919). PP 1914-16 Cd. 8002 viii, 1, Supplement to the 75th Annual Report of the Registrar-General of Births, Marriages and Deaths in England and Wales. Part III. London: HMSO.
   Google Scholar
• Peltola, J., & Saaritsa, S. (2019). Later, smaller, better? Water infrastructure and infant mortality in Finnish cities and towns, 1870-1938. History of the Family, 24(2).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Plumb, J. H. (1950). England in the eighteenth century. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
   Google Scholar
• Preston, S. H., & van de Walle, E. (1978). Urban French mortality in the nineteenth century. Population Studies, 32(2), 275–297.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Razzell, P. (1993). The growth of population in eighteenth-century England: A critical reappraisal. Journal of Economic History, 53(4), 743–771.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riley, J. (2008). Low income, social growth, and good health: A history of twelve countries. Berkeley: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Scrimshaw, N., & SanGiovanni, J. (1997). Synergism of nutrition, infection and immunity: An overview. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 66(2), 464S–477S.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, H., Bennett, R., & Radicic, D. (2019). Towns in Victorian England: A new classification. Urban History, 45(4), 568–594.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szreter, S. (1988). The importance of social intervention in Britain’s mortality decline, c. 1850-1914: A reinterpretation of the role of public health. Social History of Medicine, 1, 1–37.
   Google Scholar
• Vaile, M. (2015). Late-Victorian sandwich – Polluted water, sickness, council inertia and the case of the deceased unnamed mayor: A public health study. Archaeologia Cantiana, 136, 101–115.
   Google Scholar
• Van Poppel, F., Bijwaard, G., Van Lieburg, M., Van Lieburg, F., Hoekstra, R., & Verkade, F. (2016). The life expectancy of medical professionals in the Netherlands: Sixteenth to 19th centuries. Population, 71(4), 619–640.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webb, B., & Webb, S. (1908). English local government from the revolution to the municipal corporations act: The manor and the borough. Part II. London: Longman’s, Green and Co.
   Google Scholar
• Wohl, A. (1983). Endangered lives: Public health in Victorian Britain. London: Methuen.
   Google Scholar