CCTV in Schools: An Examination of Perceived Value of Surveillance

References

• Addington, L. A. (2009). Cops and cameras: Public school security as a policy response to Columbine. American Behavioral Scientist, 52(10), 1426–1446. doi:10.1177/0002764209332556
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barker, C. (2004). The Sage dictionary of cultural studies. New York: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Bassam, E., Marianne, T. B., Rabbaa, L. K., & Gerbaka, B. (2018). Corporal punishment of children: Discipline or abuse? The Libyan Journal of Medicine, 13(1), 1485456. doi:10.1080/19932820.2018.1485456
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker, M., et al. (1992). An effective schools primer. American Association of School Administrators. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED368044.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Bentham, J. (1995). The panopticon writings. London & New York: Verso Trade.
   Google Scholar
• Birnhack, M., & Perry-Hazan, L. (2020). School surveillance in context: High school students’ perspectives on CCTV, privacy, and security. Youth & Society, 52(7), 1312–1330. doi:10.1177/0044118X20916617
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birnhack, M., Perry-Hazan, L., & German Ben-Hayun, S. (2018). CCTV surveillance in primary schools: Normalisation, resistance, and children’s privacy consciousness. Oxford Review of Education, 44(2), 204–220. doi:10.1080/03054985.2017.1386546
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bracy, N. L. (2011). Student perceptions of high-security school environments. Youth & Society, 43(1), 365–395. doi:10.1177/0044118X10365082
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. doi:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
   Google Scholar
• Brunon-Ernst, M. A. (2013). Beyond Foucault: New perspectives on Bentham’s Panopticon. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Caluya, G. (2010). The post-panoptic society? Reassessing Foucault in surveillance studies. Social Identities, 16(5), 621–633. doi:10.1080/13504630.2010.509565
   Google Scholar
• Casella, R. (2018). School security and its corporate offerings. In J. Deakin, E. Taylor, & A. Kupchik (Eds.), The Palgrave international handbook of school discipline, surveillance, and social control (pp. 389–404). Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Central Bureau of Statistics (2021). National population and housing census 2021. Retrieved July 13 from https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/.
   Google Scholar
• Chadderton, C. (2015). UK secondary schools under surveillance: What are the Implications for race? A critical race and butlerian analysis. In A. Kupfer (Ed.), Power and education: Contexts of oppression and opportunity (pp. 128–145). Palgrave Macmillan UK.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2017). Research methods in education. 8th ed. Abingdon: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Cooks, L., & Warren, J. T. (2011). SomeBodies(‘) in school: Introduction. Text and Performance Quarterly, 31(3), 211–216. doi:10.1080/10462937.2011.573183
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daly, A., Parker, S., Sherpa, S., & Regmi, U. (2020). Federalisation and education in Nepal: Contemporary reflections on working through change. Education 3-13, 48(2), 163–173. doi:10.1080/03004279.2019.1599408
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deakin, J., Taylor, E., & Kupchik, A. (2018). The Palgrave international handbook of school discipline, surveillance, and social control. Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Fisher, B. W., Higgins, E. M., & Homer, E. M. (2021). School crime and punishment and the implementation of security cameras: Findings from a National Longitudinal Study. Justice Quarterly, 38(1), 22–25. doi:10.1080/07418825.2018.1518476
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foucault, M. (2012). Discipline and punish: The birth of the prison (A. Sheridan, Trans.). New York: Vintage.
   Google Scholar
• Galič, M., Timan, T., & Koops, B.-J. (2017). Bentham, Deleuze and beyond: An overview of surveillance theories from the panopticon to participation. Philosophy & Technology, 30(1), 9–37. doi:10.1007/s13347-016-0219-1
   Google Scholar
• Gardella, J. H., Tanner-Smith, E. E., & Fisher, B. W. (2016). Academic consequences of multiple victimization and the role of school security measures. American Journal of Community Psychology, 58(1-2), 36–46. doi:10.1002/ajcp.12075
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldring, E., Huff, J., May, H., & Camburn, E. (2008). School context and individual characteristics: What influences principal practice? Journal of Educational Administration, 46(3), 332–352. doi:10.1108/09578230810869275
   Google Scholar
• Himalayan News Service. (2018). Closed-circuit cameras installed in community schools. The Himalayan Times. https://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/closed-circuit-cameras-installed-in-community-schools.
   Google Scholar
• Hirschfield, P. J. (2009). School surveillance in America: Disparate and unequal. In T. Monahan & R. D. Torres (Eds.), Schools under surveillance: Cultures of control in public education (pp. 38–54). New Jersey: Rutgers University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hirschfield, P. J. (2018). Schools and crime. Annual Review of Criminology, 1(1), 149–169. doi:10.1146/annurev-criminol-032317-092358
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hope, A. (2009). CCTV, school surveillance and social control. British Educational Research Journal, 35(6), 891–907. doi:10.1080/01411920902834233
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hope, A. (2010). Student resistance to the surveillance curriculum. International Studies in Sociology of Education, 20(4), 319–334. doi:10.1080/09620214.2010.530857
   Google Scholar
• Hope, A. (2013). Foucault, panopticism and school surveillance research. In M. Murphy (Ed.), Social theory and education research: Understanding Foucault, Habermas, Bourdieu and Derrida (pp. 47–63). Abingdon: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Hope, A. (2015a). Biopower and school surveillance technologies 2.0. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 37(7), 885–904. doi:10.1080/01425692.2014.1001060
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hope, A. (2015b). Governmentality and the ‘selling’ of school surveillance devices. The Sociological Review, 63(4), 840–857. doi:10.1111/1467-954X.12279
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, S. L., Bottiani, J., Waasdorp, T. E., & Bradshaw, C. P. (2018). Surveillance or safekeeping? How school security officer and camera presence influence students’ perceptions of safety, equity, and support. The Journal of Adolescent Health : official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 63(6), 732–738. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.06.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khanal, J., Rana, K., Sharma, L., Whybrow, N., & Ghimire, S. (2021). Context-Specific Leadership Practices: An Examination of Evidence of Successful Community School Headteachers in Nepal. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 1–25. doi:10.1080/15700763.2021.1921223
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King, S., & Bracy, N. L. (2019). School security in the post-Columbine era: Trends, consequences, and future directions. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 35(3), 274–295. doi:10.1177/1043986219840188
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monahan, T., & Rodolfo, R. D. (2009). Schools under surveillance: Cultures of control in public education. New Jersey: Rutgers University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kupchik, A., Brent, J. J., & Mowen, T. J. (2015). The aftermath of Newtown: More of the same. The. British Journal of Criminology, 55(6), 1115–1130. doi:10.1093/bjc/azv049
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kupchik, A., & Ward, G. (2014). Race, poverty, and exclusionary school security: An empirical analysis of U.S. elementary, middle, and high schools. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 12(4), 332–354. doi:10.1177/1541204013503890
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leithwood, K., & Jantzi, D. (2008). Linking leadership to student learning: The contributions of leader efficacy. Educational Administration Quarterly, 44(4), 496–528. doi:10.1177/0013161X08321501
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyon, D. (2006). Theorizing Surveillance: The panopticon and beyond. Abingdon: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Lyon, D. (2007). Surveillance studies: An overview. Cambridge: Polity Press.
   Google Scholar
• Macrine, S. L. (2010). Imprisoning minds: The violence of neoliberal education or “i am not for sale!. In K. Saltman & D. A. Gabbard (Eds.), Education as enforcement: The militarization and corporatization of schools (pp. 246–254). Abingdon: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Madfis, E. (2016). It’s better to overreact”: School officials’ fear and perceived risk of rampage attacks and the criminalization of American public schools. Critical Criminology, 24(1), 39–55. doi:10.1007/s10612-015-9297-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marx, G. T. (2004). What’s new about the “new surveillance”?: Classifying for change and continuity. Knowledge, Technology & Policy, 17(1), 18–37. doi:10.1007/BF02687074
   Google Scholar
• McCahill, M., & Finn, R. (2010). The social impact of surveillance in three UK schools:’angels’,’devils’ and ‘teen mums’*. Surveillance & Society, 7(3/4), 273–289. doi:10.24908/ss.v7i3/4.4156
   Google Scholar
• McCulloch, G. (2004). Documentary research: In education, history and the social sciences. Abingdon: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Miear, M. L. (2006). Administrators’ and teachers’ perceptions about surveillance technology). (Doctoral dissertation). University of Virginia. https://search.proquest.com/docview/304965340.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Communication and Information Technology (2019). 2019 digital Nepal framework (Vol. 8.4). Ministry of Communication and Information Technology, Government of Nepal. https://www.myendnoteweb.com/EndNoteWeb.html?func=downloadInstallers&cat=download&.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Education (2016a). Education in figures 2016: At-a-glance. https://moe.gov.np/assets/uploads/files/Nepal_Education_in_Figures_2016.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Education (2016b). School sector development plan 2016–2023. In. Government of Nepal, Ministry of Education Kathmandu. https://www.globalpartnership.org/content/nepal-school-sector-development-plan-2016-2023.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Home Affairs (2015). सि.सी.टि.भी. जडान तथा संचालन सम्बन्धी कार्यविधि २०७२ [CCTV/Camera Installation and Operation Procedure 2015]. Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of Nepal. https://moha.gov.np/post/cctv-camera-installation-and-operation-procedural-2072.
   Google Scholar
• Monahan, T., & Torres, R. D. (2009). Schools under surveillance: Cultures of control in public education. New Jersey: Rutgers University Press. https://books.google.com.np/books?id=XYAFC3vmPmcC.
   Google Scholar
• National Institute for Research and Training. (2017). Nepal education sector analysis. https://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/viewer.html?pdfurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalpartnership.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2019-05-nepal-education-sector-analysis.pdf&clen=3138985&chunk=true.
   Google Scholar
• Nemorin, S. (2017). Post-panoptic pedagogies: The changing nature of school surveillance in the digital age. Surveillance & Society, 15(2), 239–253. doi:10.24908/ss.v15i2.6033
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nepal Law Commission. (2018a). The Act Relating to Children, 2075 (2018). Nepal Law Commission, Government of Nepal. http://www.lawcommission.gov.np/en/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/The-Act-Relating-to-Children-2075-2018.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Nepal Law Commission. (2018b). Privacy Act, 2075 (2018). Nepal Law Commission, Government of Nepal. http://www.lawcommission.gov.np/en/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/The-Privacy-Act-2075-2018.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Norris, C., & Armstrong, G. (1999). The maximum surveillance society: The rise of CCTV. Abingdon: Routledge. doi:10.4324/9781003136439
   Google Scholar
• Page, D. (2017). The surveillance of teachers and the simulation of teaching. Journal of Education Policy, 32(1), 1–13. doi:10.1080/02680939.2016.1209566
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peguero, A. A., Shekarkhar, Z., Popp, A. M., & Koo, D. J. (2015). Punishing the children of immigrants: Race, ethnicity, generational status, student misbehavior, and school discipline. Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies, 13(2), 200–220. doi:10.1080/15562948.2014.951136
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perry-Hazan, L., & Birnhack, M. (2016a). The hidden human rights curriculum of surveillance cameras in schools: Due process, privacy and trust. Cambridge Journal of Education, 48(1), 47–64. doi:10.1080/0305764X.2016.1224813
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perry-Hazan, L., & Birnhack, M. (2016b). Privacy, CCTV, and school surveillance in the shadow of imagined law. Law & Society Review, 50(2), 415–449. doi:10.1111/lasr.12202
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perry-Hazan, L., & Birnhack, M. (2019). Caught on camera: Teachers’ surveillance in schools. Teaching and Teacher Education, 78, 193–204. doi:10.1016/j.tate.2018.11.021
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Portillos, E. L., González, J. C., & Peguero, A. A. (2012). Crime control strategies in school: Chicanas’/os’ perceptions and criminalization. The Urban Review, 44(2), 171–188. doi:10.1007/s11256-011-0192-z
   Google Scholar
• Pyo, J. (2020). School principals’ perceptions of crime risk and academic climate: Links to school safety practices. Journal of School Violence, 19(4), 594–609. doi:10.1080/15388220.2020.1783671
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rana, K., Greenwood, J., Fox-Turnbull, W., & Wise, S. (2019). Challenges in accessing fieldwork in rural Himalayas: An emerging researcher’s experiences. Waikato Journal of Education, 24(1), 67–77. doi:10.15663/wje.v24i1.605
   Google Scholar
• Rana, K., Greenwood, J., & Henderson, R. (2021). Teachers’ experiences of ICT training in Nepal: How teachers in rural primary schools learn and make progress in their ability to use ICT in classrooms. Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 1–17. doi:10.1080/1475939X.2021.2014947
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rauniyar, T. (2019). In Kathmandu’s schools, it’s not just teachers who are watching you. The Kathmandu Post. https://kathmandupost.com/valley/2019/12/17/in-kathmandu-s-schools-it-s-not-just-teachers-who-are-watching-you.
   Google Scholar
• Riddle, T., & Sinclair, S. (2019). Racial disparities in school-based disciplinary actions are associated with county-level rates of racial bias. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116(17), 8255–8260. doi:10.1073/pnas.1808307116
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott, J. C. (1990). Domination and the Arts of Resistance. New Haven: Yale university press.
   Google Scholar
• Simon, B. (2002). The return of panopticism: Supervision, subjection and the new surveillance. Surveillance & Society, 3(1), 1-20. doi:10.24908/ss.v3i1.3317
   Google Scholar
• Skiba, R. J., Arredondo, M. I., Gray, C., & Rausch, M. K. (2018). Discipline disparities: New and emerging research in the United States. In J. Deakin, E. Taylor, & A. Kupchik (Eds.), The Palgrave international handbook of school discipline, surveillance, and social control (pp. 235–252). Springer International Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Tanner-Smith, E. E., & Fisher, B. W. (2016). Visible school security measures and student academic performance, attendance, and postsecondary aspirations. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 45(1), 195–210. doi:10.1007/s10964-015-0265-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanner-Smith, E. E., Fisher, B. W., Addington, L. A., & Gardella, J. H. (2018). Adding security, but subtracting safety? Exploring schools’ use of multiple visible security measures. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 43(1), 102–119. doi:10.1007/s12103-017-9409-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, E. (2010). I spy with my little eye: The use of CCTV in schools and the impact on privacy. The Sociological Review, 58(3), 381–405. doi:10.1111/j.1467-954X.2010.01930.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, E. (2011). Awareness, understanding and experiences of CCTV amongst teachers and pupils in three UK schools. Information Polity, 16(4), 303–318. doi:10.3233/IP-2011-0247
   Google Scholar
• Taylor, E. (2012). The rise of the surveillance school. In K. Ball, D. Lyon, & K. D. Haggerty (Eds.), Routledge handbook of surveillance studies (Vol. 225, pp. 225–232). Abingdon: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Taylor, E. (2013a). Surveillance schools: Security, discipline and control in contemporary education. Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Taylor, E. (2013b). Vision of control: A case study on school CCTV. In E. Taylor (Ed.), Surveillance schools: Security, discipline and control in contemporary education (pp. 40–60). Springer.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations. (1989). United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC). https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/generalassembly/docs/globalcompact/A_RES_44_25.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Varnham, S., & Squelch, J. (2018). Legal approaches to social control in Australian schools: Old ideas and new trends. In J. Deakin, E. Taylor, & A. Kupchik (Eds.), The Palgrave international handbook of school discipline, surveillance, and social control (pp. 105–127). Springer International Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Warnick, B. (2007). Surveillance cameras in schools: An ethical analysis. Harvard Educational Review, 77(3), 317–343. doi:10.17763/haer.77.3.r2k76507rrjw8238
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiss, J. (2008). Theorizing student poetry as resistance to school-based surveillance: Not any theory will do. In J. Anyon (Ed.), Theory and educational research: Toward critical social explanation (pp. 65–84). Abingdon: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Winner, L. (1978). Autonomous technology: Technics-out-of-control as a theme in political thought. Cambridge: Mit Press.
   Google Scholar