References
- Sugimura , T. 1997 . Overview of carcinogenic heterocyclic amines . Mutat. Res. , 376 : 211 – 219 .
- País , P. and Knize , M. G. 2000 . Chromatographic and related techniques for the determination of aromatic heterocyclic amines in foods . J. Chromatogr. B , 747 : 139 – 169 .
- Murkovic , M. 2004 . Eur. Chemistry, formation and occurrence of genotoxic heterocyclic aromatic amines in fried products . J. Lipid Sci. Technol. , 106 : 777 – 785 .
- Nagao , M. , Ushijima , T. , Watanabe , N. , Okochi , E. , Ochiai , M. , Nagakama , H. and Sugimura , T. 2002 . Studies on mammary carcinogenesis induced by a heterocyclic amine, 2‐amino‐1‐methyl‐6‐phenylimidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine, in mice and rats . Environ. Mol. Mutagen. , 39 : 158 – 164 .
- Ohgaki , H. , Adamson , R. H. , Synderwine , E. G. , Nagakama , H. , Shirai , T. , Katsumi , I. and Ito , N. 2000 . Food Borne Carcinogens−Heterocyclic Amines Edited by: Nagao , M. and Sugimura , T. 198 Chichester : Wiley .
- IARC . 1993 . Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans , : 163 Nr.56
- Sugimura , T. 2000 . Nutrition and dietary carcinogens . Carcinogenesis , 21 : 387 – 395 .
- Sinha , R. and Rothman , N. 1999 . Role of well done, grilled red meat, heterocyclic amines (HCAs) in the etiology of human cancer . Cancer Letts. , 143 : 189 – 194 .
- Skog , K. 2002 . Problems associated with the determination of heterocyclic amines in cooked foods and human exposure . Food Chem. Toxicol. , 40 : 1197 – 1203 .
- Karamanos , N. K. and Tsegenidis , T. 1996 . Analysis of carcinogenic heterocyclic amines by high performance liquid chromatography . J. Liq. Chromatogr. & Rel. Technol. , 19 : 2247 – 2256 .
- Bermudo , E. , Ruiz‐Calero , V. , Puignou , L. and Galcerán , M. T. 2005 . Analysis of heterocyclic amines in chicken by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection . Anal. Chim. Acta , 536 : 83 – 90 .
- Ristic , A. , Cichna , M. and Sontag , G. 2004 . Determination of less polar heterocyclic aromatic amines in standardised beef extracts and cooked meat consumed in Austria by liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection . J. Chromatogr. B , 802 : 87 – 94 .
- Barceló‐Barrachina , E. , Moyano , E. , Galcerán , M. T. , Lliberia , J. L. , Bagó , B. and Cortes , M. A. 2006 . Ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of heterocyclic amines in food . J. Chromatogr. A , in press. D.O.I. 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.05.060
- Casal , S. , Mendes , E. , Fernández , J. O. , Oliveira , M. B.P.P. and Ferreira , M. A. 2004 . Analysis of heterocyclic amines in foods by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry as their tert.‐butyldimethylsilyl derivatives . J. Chromatogr. A , 1040 : 105 – 114 .
- Sentellas , S. , Moyano , E. , Puignou , L. and Galcerán , M. T. 2004 . Optimization of a cleanup procedure for the determination of heterocyclic aromatic amines in urine by field‐amplified sample injection‐capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry . J. Chromatogr. A , 1032 : 193 – 201 .
- Dragsted , L. D. , Nielsen , S. E. , Heitmann , B. L. , Grivas , S. and Frandsen , H. 1996 . Immunological methods for dosimetry of heterocyclic amines . Arch. Toxicol. Suppl. , 18 : 259 – 274 .
- Ruiz‐Angel , M. J. , Cardá‐Broch , S. and Berthod , A. 2006 . Ionic liquids versus triethylamine as mobile phase additives in the analysis of β‐blockers . J. Chromatogr. A , 1119 : 202 – 208 .
- Kataoka , H. 1997 . Methods for the determination of mutagenic heterocyclic amines and their application in environmental analysis . J. Chromatogr. A , 774 : 121 – 142 .
- Galcerán , M. T. , País , P. and Puignou , L. 1996 . Isolation by solid‐phase extraction and liquid chromatographic determination of mutagenic amines in beef extracts . J. Chromatogr. A , 719 : 203 – 212 .
- Salmon , C. P. , Knize , M. G. , Felton , J. S. , Zhao , B. and Seow , A. 2006 . Heterocyclic aromatic amines in domestically prepared chicken and fish from Singapore Chinese households . Food Chem. Toxicol. , 44 : 484 – 492 .
- Borgen , E. and Skog , K. 2004 . Heterocyclic amines in some Swedish cooked foods industrially prepared or from fast food outlets and restaurants . Mol. Nutr. Food Res. , 48 : 292 – 298 .
- Abdulkarim , B. G. and Smith , J. S. 1998 . Heterocyclic amines in fresh and processed meat products . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 46 : 4680 – 4687 .
- Reistad , R. , Rossland , O. J. , Latva‐Kala , K. J. , Rasmussen , T. , Vikse , R. , Becher , G. and Alexander , J. 1997 . Heterocyclic aromatic amines in human urine following a fried meat meal . Food Chem. Toxicol. , 35 : 945 – 955 .
- Gu , Y. S. , Kim , I. S. , Ahn , J. K. , Park , D. C. , Yeum , D. M. , Ji , C. I. and Kim , S. B. 2002 . Mutagenic and carcinogenic heterocyclic amines as affected by muscle types/skin and cooking in pan‐roasted mackerel . Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. , 515 : 189 – 195 .
- Toribio , F. , Moyano , E. , Puignou , L. and Galcerán , M. T. 2000 . Comparison of different commercial solid‐phase extraction cartridges used to extract heteroyclic amines from a lyophilised meet extract . J. Chromatogr. A , 880 : 101 – 112 .
- Cárdenes , L. , Ayala , J. H. , Afonso , A. M. and González , V. 2004 . Solid‐phase microextraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography for the analysis of heterocyclic aromatic amines . J. Chromatogr. A , 1030 : 87 – 93 .
- Cárdenes , L. , Martín‐Calero , A. , Ayala , J. H. , González , V. and Afonso , A. M. 2006 . Experimental design optimization of solid‐phase microextraction conditions for the determination of heterocyclic aromatic amines by high performance liquid chromatography . Anal. Letts. , 39 : 405 – 423 .
- Martín‐Calero , A. , Ayala , J. H. , González , V. and Afonso , A. M. In press . Determination of less polar heterocyclic amines in meat extracts. Fast sample preparation method using solid‐phase microextraction prior to high‐pressure liquid chromatography‐fluorescence quantification . Anal. Chim. Acta ,
- Pino , V. , Ayala , J. H. , Afonso , A. M. and González , V. 2000 . Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in marine sediments by high performance liquid chromatography after microwave‐assisted extraction with micellar media . J. Chromatogr. A , 869 : 515 – 522 .
- Pensado , L. , Casais , C. , Mejuto , C. and Cela , R. 2000 . Optimization of the extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from wood samples by the use of microwave energy . J. Chromatogr. A , 869 : 505 – 513 .
- Galcerán , M. T. , País , P. and Puignou , L. 1993 . High performance liquid‐chromatographic determination of 10 heterocyclic aromatic‐amines with electrochemical detection . J. Chromatogr. A , 655 : 101 – 110 .
- Toribio , F. , Puignou , L. and Galcerán , M. T. 1999 . Evaluation of different cleanup procedures for the analysis of heterocyclic aromatic amines in a lyophilized meat extract . J. Chromatogr. A , 836 : 223 – 233 .
- Nobrega , J. A. , Trevizan , L. C. , Araujo , G. C.L. and Nogueira , A. R.A. 2002 . Focused‐microwave assisted strategies for sample preparation. Spectrochim . Acta Part B—Atomic Spectroscopy , 57 : 1855 – 1876 .
- Montgomery , C. 1991 . Design and Analysis of Experiments , 3rd Ed. New York : John Wiley & Sons . Chapter 11
- Cuadros‐Rodríguez , L. , García‐Campaña , A. M. , Jiménez‐Linares , C. and Román‐Ceba , M. 1993 . Estimation of performance‐characteristics of an analytical method using the data set of the calibration experiment . Anal. Letts. , 26 : 1243 – 1258 .