Investigation of the retention mechanisms of amlodipine besylate, bisoprolol fumarate, and their impurities on three different HILIC columns

References

• Karatapanis, A.-E.; Fiamegos, Y.-C.; Stalikas, C.-D. A Revisit to the Retention Mechanism of Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography Using Model Organic Compounds. J. Chromatogr. A 2011, 1218, 2871–2879. DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.02.069.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hemström, P.; Irgum, K. Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography. J. Sep. Sci. 2006, 29, 1784–1821. DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200600199.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buszewski, B.; Noga, S. Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)—a Powerful Separation Technique. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2012, 402, 231–247. DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5308-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCalley, D.-V. Is Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography with Silica Columns a Viable Alternative to Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography for the Analysis of Ionisable Compounds? J. Chromatogr. A 2007, 1171, 46–55. DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.09.047.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fritz, S.-J. Ion Chromatography. Anal. Chem. 1987, 59, 335A–344A. DOI: 10.1021/ac00131a737.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olsen, B.-A.; Brian, W.-P. Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography: A Guide for Practitioners; John Wiley & Sons Inc, Hoboken: New Jersey, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Barto, E.; Felinger, A.; Jandera, P. Investigation of the Temperature Dependence of Water Adsorption on Silica-Based Stationary Phases in Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A 2017, 1489, 143–148. DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.02.011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bohacova, I.; Halko, R.; Jandera, P. The Effects of Temperature and Mobile Phase on the Retention of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids in Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography on Zwitterionic Stationary Phases. J. Sep. Sci. 2016, 39, 4732–4739. DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201601049.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCalley, D.-V. Study of the Selectivity, Retention Mechanisms and Performance of Alternative Silica-Based Stationary Phases for Separation of Ionised Solutes in Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A 2010, 1217, 3408–3417. DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.03.011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo, Y. Recent Progress in the Fundamental Understanding of Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography (HILIC). Analyst 2015, 140, 6452–6466. DOI: 10.1039/C5AN00670H.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Euerby, M.-R.; Hulse, J.; Petersson, P.; Vazhentsev, A.; Kassam, K. Retention Modelling in Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2015, 407, 9135–9152. DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9079-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• David, S.-B. Retention and Selectivity of Stationary Phases Used in HILIC. LCGC 2015, 33, 90–101.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melnikov, S.-M.; Holtzel, A.; Seidel-Morgenstern, A.; Tallarek, U. A Molecular Dynamics Study on the Partitioning Mechanism in Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 6251–6254. DOI: 10.1002/anie.201201096.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nováková, L.; Havlíková, L.; Vlčková, H. Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography of Polar and Ionizable Compounds by UHPLC. Trends Analyt. Chem. 2014, 63, 55–64. DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2014.08.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vlčková, H.; Ježková, K.; Štětková, K.; Tomšíková, H.; Solich, P.; Nováková, L. Study of the Retention Behavior of Small Polar Molecules on Different Types of Stationary Phases Used in Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography. J. Sep. Sci. 2014, 37, 1297–1307. DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo, Y.; Shah, R. Detailed Insights into the Retention Mechanism of Caffeine Metabolites on the Amide Stationary Phase in Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A 2016, 1463, 121–127. DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.08.018.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCalley, D.-V. Effect of Mobile Phase Additives on Solute Retention at Low Aqueous pH in Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A 2017, 1483, 71–79. DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.12.035.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iwasaki, Y.; Ishii, Y.; Ito, R.; Saito, K.; Nakazawa, H. New Approaches for Analysis of Metabolism Compounds in Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography. J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol. 2007, 30, 2117–2126. DOI: 10.1080/10826070701435111.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamińska, J.; Chutkowski, M.; Zapała, L.; Zapała, W. Studies on the Sorption Behavior of Quercetin, Phenol, and Caffeine as Test Substances on Diol Mixed-Mode HILIC Column. J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol. 2016, 39, 161–170. DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2016.1141364.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jandera, P.; Hájek, T.; Skeíková, V.; Soukup, J.; Dual Hydrophilic Interaction‐RP Retention Mechanism on Polar Columns: Structural Correlations and Implementation for 2‐D Separations on a Single Column. J. Sep. Sci. 2010, 33, 841–852. DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900678.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kasagić-Vujanović, I.; Jančić-Stojanović, B.; Rakić, T.; Ivanović, D. Design of Experiments in Optimization and Validation of a Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography Method for Determination of Amlodipine Besylate and Bisoprolol Fumarate. J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol. 2015, 38, 919–928. DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2014.991872.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tumpa, A.; Rakić, T.; Jovanović, M.; Jančić-Stojanović, B. Optimization of Chromatographic Separation of Acetylsalicylic Acid, Amlodipine, Impurity A of Amlodipine, and Atenolol in Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography Employing DoE Methodology. J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol 2015, 38, 1555–1560. DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2015.1077863.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rakić, T.; Jovanović, M.; Tumpa, A.; Jančić-Stojanović, B.; Medenica, M. Optimization of HILIC Method for the Analysis of Bisoprolol and Its Impurities considering Uncertainties in Peak Position. Arh. Farmaciju 2014, 64, 95–111. DOI: 10.5937/arhfarm1402095R.
   Google Scholar
• Snyder, L.; Dolan, J.; Gant, J. Gradient Elution in High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: I. Theoretical Basis for Reversed-Phase Systems. J. Chromatogr. A 1979, 165, 30–31.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jandera, P.; Churáček, J.; Svoboda, L. Gradient Elution in Liquid Chromatography: X. Retention Characteristics in Reversed-Phase Gradient Elution Chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A 1979, 174, 35–50. DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9673(00)87035-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jandera, P. Stationary and Mobile Phases in Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography: A Review. Anal. Chim. Acta 2011, 692, 1–25. DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.02.047.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snyder, L.-R. Role of the Solvent in Liquid-Solid Chromatography—A Review. Anal. Chem. 1974, 46, 1384–1393. DOI: 10.1021/ac60347a052.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jandera, P.; Hã¡Jek, T. Utilization of Dual Retention Mechanism on Columns with Bonded PEG and Diol Stationary Phases for Adjusting the Separation Selectivity of Phenolic and Flavone Natural Antioxidants. J. Sep. Sci. 2009, 32, 3603–3619. DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900344.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perry, G.; Wang, H.-W. Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) and Advanced Applications; CRS Press: Boca Raton, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• MarvinSketch software (used for the characterization of the chemical structures of the test compounds), version 15.4.13, ChemAxon: Hungary, 2015. (http://www.chemaxon.com).
   Google Scholar
• Jovanović, M.; Rakić, T.; Jančić?Stojanović, B.. Theoretical and Empirical Models in Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography. Instrum. Sci. Technol. 2014, 42(3), 230–266. DOI: 10.1080/10739149.2013.865214.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar