2,489
Views
65
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Dialogue

Understanding the Motivations for Recreational Marijuana Use Among Adult Canadians

&
Pages 539-572 | Published online: 03 Jul 2009

References

  • Adlaf E., Smart R. Drug-use and religious affiliation, feelings and behavior.”. British Journal of the Addictions 1985; 80(2)163–171
  • Alexander B. Peaceful measures: Canada's way out of the war on drugs. University of Toronto Press, Toronto 1990
  • Angus Reid. Similar views on marijuana arrests in Canada, U.S. Angus Reid Global Monitor: Polls & Research. 2005, May 11
  • Baum J. The truth about pot: Ten recovering marijuana users share their personal stories. Hazelden Publishing and Educational Services, Deerfield Beach, FL 1998
  • Becker H. S. Becoming a marijuana user. The American Journal of Sociology 1953; 59(3)235–242
  • Becker H. S. Marijuana use and social control. Social Problems 1955; 3(1)35–44
  • Becker H. S. Outsiders: Studies in the sociology of deviance. Free Press, New York 1963
  • Berg B. Qualitative research methods. Fifth Edition. Pearson, Boston 1989
  • Biernacki P., Waldorf D. Snowball sampling: Problems and techniques of chain referral sampling. Sociological Methods and Research 1981; 10(2)141–163
  • Blake A. Drugs and popular music in the modern age. Drugs and popular culture: Drugs, media and identity in contemporary culture, P. Manning. Willan Publishers, Devon 2007; 103–116
  • Booth M. Cannabis: A history. Thomas Dunne, New York 2003
  • Boyd N. High society: Legal and illegal drugs in Canada. Key Porter, Toronto 1991
  • Buscema M. Artificial neural networks. Substance Use and Misuse 1998; 33(1–3)97–112
  • Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans. 1998, (with 2000, 2002, and 2005 amendments)
  • Cook C., Goddard D, Westall R. Knowledge and experience of drug use amongst church affiliated young people. Sociological Forum 1997; 3(2)256–276
  • Coomber R., Oliver M., Morris C. “Using Cannabis Therapeutically in the UK: A Qualitative Analysis,”. Journal of Drug Issues 2003; 33(2)325–356
  • Creswell J. Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five traditions. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA 1998
  • DeBeck K., Wood E., Montane J., Kerr T. Canada's 2003 renewed drug strategy – an evidence based review. Canadian HIV/AIDS Policy and Law Review 2006; 11(2/3)1–12
  • Dreher M. Marijuana use among women—-An anthropological view. Advances in alcohol and substance abuse 1984a; 3(3)51–64
  • Dreher M. School children and Ganja: Youthful marijuana consumption in rural Jamaica. Anthropology and Education Quarterly 1984b; 15(2)131–150
  • Earelywine M. Understanding marijuana: A new look at the evidence. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2002
  • Erickson P. Living with prohibition: Regular cannabis users, legal sanctions, and informal controls. The International Journal of the Addictions 1989; 23(3)175–188
  • Fachner J. An ethno-methodological approach to cannabis and music perception, with EEG brain mapping in a naturalistic setting. Anthropology of Consciousness 2006; 7(2)78–103
  • Feinstein A. Statistical reductionism and clinicians' delinquencies in humanistic research. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 1999; 66(3)211–217
  • Fischer B., Ala-Leppilampi K., Single E., Amanda R. Cannabis law reform in Canada: Is the “Saga of Promise, Hesitation and Retreat” coming to an end?!”. Canadian Journal of Criminology & Criminal Justice 2003; 45(3)265–297
  • Ford D. Good medicine, good sex: How marijuana brought me creativity, passion, and prosperity. Good Press, Sonoma, CA 2003
  • Gerber R. Legalizing marijuana: Drug policy reform and prohibition politics. Praeger, Westport 2004
  • Gettman J. Marijuana production in the United States. The Bulletin of Cannabis Reform 2006; 2: 1–29
  • Giffen P. J., Endicott S., Lambert S. Panic and indifference: The politics of Canada's drug laws. Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse, Ottawa 1991
  • Glaser B., Strauss A. L. The discovery of grounded theory. Aldine, New York 1967
  • Golub A. The cultural/subcultural contexts of marijuana use at the turn of the twenty-first century. Haworth Press, New York 2006
  • Goode E. The marijuana smokers. Basic Books, New York 1970
  • Gray J. P. Why our drug laws have failed and what we can do about it: A judicial indictment of the war on drugs. Temple University Press, Philadelphia 2001
  • Green B., Kavanagh D., Young R. Being stoned: A review of self-reported cannabis effects. Drug and Alcohol Review 2003; 22: 453–460
  • Gubrium J., Holstein J. The new language of qualitative method. Oxford University Press, Oxford 1997
  • Hadaway P., Beyerstein B., Youdale J. Canadian drug Policies: Irrational, futile and unjust. The Journal of Drug Issues 1991; 21(1)183–197
  • Hagan J. Crime and disrepute. Pine Forge Press, Thousand Oaks, CA 1994
  • Hallstone M. Updating Howard Becker's theory of using marijuana for pleasure. Contemporary Drug Problems 2002; 29(4)821–846
  • Hamilton R., Bowers B. Internet recruitment and e-mail interviews in qualitative studies. Qualitative Health Research 2006; 16(6)821–835
  • Hardert R., Dowd T. Alcohol and marijuana use among high-school and college-students in Phoenix Arizona—-A test of Kandels socialization theory. Sociological Inquiry 1994; 73(1)28–51
  • Harris M. Reefer madness clouds issue. Toronto Sun 1998, 12 February
  • Hathaway A. Marijuana and tolerance: Revisiting Becker's sources of control. Deviant Behavior: An Interdisciplinary Journal 1997a; 18: 103–124
  • Hathaway A. Marijuana and lifestyle: Exploring tolerable deviance. Deviant Behavior: An Interdisciplinary Journal 1997b; 18: 213–232
  • Hathaway A. Cannabis users' informal rules for managing stigma and risk. Deviant Behavior 2004a; 25: 559–577
  • Hathaway A. Cannabis careers reconsidered: Transitions and trajectories of committed long-term users. Contemporary Drug Problems 2004b; 31: 401–423
  • Hathaway A. Cannabis effects and dependency concerns in long-term frequent users: A missing piece of the public health puzzle. Addiction Research and Theory 2003; 11(6)441–458
  • Hathaway A., Ericson P. Drug reform principles and policy debates: Harm reduction prospects for cannabis in Canada. Journal of Drug Issues 2003; 33(3)465–495
  • Health Officers Council of British Columbia. A public health approach to drug control in Canada. Health Officers Council, Vancouver 2005
  • Hendin H., Hass A., Singer P., Ellner M., Ulman R. Living high: Daily marijuana use among adults. New York, Human Sciences Press 1987
  • Hirsch M., Conforti R., Graney C. The use of marijuana for pleasure: A replication of Howard S. Becker's study of Marijuana use. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 1990; 5(4)497–510
  • Hoberman J., Rosenbaum J. Midnight Movies. Da Capo Press, New York 1983
  • Hochschild A. The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling. University of California Press, Berkeley 1983
  • Husak D. Legalize this!: The case for decriminalizing drugs. Verso, London 2002
  • Intini J. Higher learning: U of T philosophy prof gets an underground pot-smoking room. Maclean's 2006; 119(43)50
  • Iverson L. The Science of Marijuana. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2000
  • Johnson B. Marihuana users and drug subcultures. Wiley, New York 1973
  • Johnson B., Bardhi F., Sifaneck S., Dunlap E. Marijuana argot as subcultural threads. British Journal of Criminology 2006; 46: 46–77
  • Le Dain Comission. Commission of Inquiry into the non-medical use of drugs. Queen's Printer, Ottawa 1973, Final Report
  • Ethical challenges for intervening in drug use: Policy, research and treatment issues, J. Kleinig, S. Einstein. Office of International Criminal Justic, Huntsville, TX 2006
  • Lee J., Kirkpatrick S. Social meanings of marijuana use for Southeast Asian youth.”. Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse 2005; 4(3–4)135–153
  • Mann C., Stewart F. Internet communication and qualitative research. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA 2000
  • Martel M. Not this time: Canadians, public policy, and the marijuana question, 1961-1975. University of Toronto Press, Toronto 2006
  • Mason J. Qualitative interviewing: Asking, listening and onterpreting. Qualitative research in action, T. May. Sage, London 2002; 225–241
  • Measham F., Newcome R., Parker H. The normalisation of recreational drug use amongst young people in North-West England. British Journal of Sociology 1994; 45(2)287–312
  • Meho L. E-mail interviewing in qualitative research: A methodological discussion. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 2006; 57(10)1284–1295
  • Merrill R., Folsom J., Christopherson S. The influence of family religiosity on adolescent substance use according to religious preference. Social Behavior and Personality 2005; 33(8)821–836
  • Miron J. Drug war crimes: The consequences of prohibition. The Independent Institute, Oakland, CA 2004
  • Mulgrew I. Bud Inc: Inside Canada's marijuana industry. Random House, Canada 2005
  • Murray C. D., Sixsmith J. E-mail: A qualitative research medium from interviewing?”. International Journal of Social Research Methodology 1998; 1(2)103–121
  • Nolin C. Cannabis: Report of the Senate Special Committee on Illegal Drugs. University of Toronto Press, Toronto 2003
  • Nutt D., King L., Saulsbury W., Blakemore C. Development of a rational scale to assess the harm of drugs of potential misuse. Lancet 2007; 369: 1047–1053
  • Parker H., Alridge J., Measham F. The normalization of ‘sensible’ recreational drug use: Further evidence from the North West England longitudinal study. Sociology 2002; 36(4)941–964
  • Parker H., Alridge J., Measham F. Illegal leisure: The normalizaton of adolescent recreational drug use. Routledge, London 1998
  • Pearson G. Normal drug use: Ethnographic fieldwork among an adult network of recreational drug users in inner London. Substance Use and Misuse 2001; 36(1&2)167–200
  • Peele S., Brodsky A. The truth about addiction and recovery. Simon & Schuster, New York 1991
  • Plant M. Drug-takers in an English town. British Journal of Criminology 1975; 15(2)181–186
  • Pomazal R., Bown J. Understanding drug use motivation: A new look at a current problem. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 1977; 18: 212–222
  • Rittel H., Noble D. Issue-based information systems for design. The Institute of Urban and Regional Development, University of California, Berkeley, CA 1989, Working Paper 492. E-mail: [email protected]
  • Rosen H. A higher field. Peace 2006; 63–65, 8 August
  • Rosenbaum J. What dope does to movies. Grass: The Paged experience, R. Mann. Autonmedia, New York 2001; 118–122
  • Shiner M., Newburn T. Definitely, maybe not? The normalisation of recreational drug use amongst young people. Sociology 1997; 31(3)51–529
  • Shukla R. K. Using marijuana in adulthood: The experience of a sample of users in Oklahoma City. Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse 2005; 4(3–4)153–181
  • Shapiro H. Waiting for the man: The story of drugs and popular music. Helter Skelter, New York 2000
  • Single E., Robson L., Xie X., Rehm J. The economic cost of alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs in Canada, 1992. Addiction 1998; 93(7)991–1006
  • Solomon R. M., Usprich S. J. Canada's Drug Laws. The Journal of Drug Issues 1991; 21(1)17–40
  • Statistics Canada. The Daily: Crime Statistics in Canada, 2005. 2006, 20 July. Ottawa
  • Sullum J. Saying yes: In defense of drug use. Tarcher/Putnam, New York 2003
  • Sussman S., Stacy A. Marijuana use: Current issues and new research directions. Journal of Drug Issues 1996; 26(4)695–33
  • Tart C. T. On Being Stoned: A Psychological Study of Marijuana Intoxication. Science and Behavior Books, Palo Alto, CA 1971
  • Tjepkema M. Use of cannabis and other illicit drugs. Health Reports 2004; 15(4)43–47
  • Vallance T. R. Prohibition's second failure: The quest for a rational and humane drug policy. Praeger, Westport, CT 1993
  • Von Foerster H., Mora P. M., Lawrence W, Amiot L. W. Doomsday; Friday, 13 November, A.D, 2026. Science 1960; 132: 1291–1295
  • Choice, behavioral economics and addiction, R. E. Vuchinich, N. Heather. Pergamon, New York 2003
  • Warner J., Room R., Adlaf E. Rules and limits in the use of marijuana among high school students: The results of a qualitative study in Ontario. Journal of Youth Studies 1999a; 2(1)59–76
  • Warner J., Weber T., Albanes R. Girls are retarded when they're stoned.”' Marijuana and the construction of gender roles among adolescent females. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research 1999b; 40(1)1–25
  • Webster P. Marijuana and music: A speculative exploration. Journal of Cannabis Therapeutics 2001; 1(2)93–105
  • Weller R., Halikas J. Marijuana use and sexual behavior. The Journal of Sex Research 1984; 20(2)186–193
  • Williams L., Parker H. Alcohol, cannabis, ecstasy and cocaine: Drugs of reasoned choice amongst young adult recreational drug users in England,. International Journal of Drug Policy 2001; 12: 397–413
  • Williamson L. The highest high and lowest low. 1998, Toronto Sun. 12 February
  • Winick C. The use of drugs by jazz musicians. Social Problems 1959–1960; 7(3)240–253
  • Zabloci B., Aidala A., Hansell S., White H. Marijuana use, introspectiveness and mental health. Journal of Health and Social Behaviour 1991; 32: 65–79
  • Zimmer L., Morgan J. P. Marijuana myths, marijuana facts: A review of the scientific evidence. The Lindesmith Center, New York 1997
  • Zimmerman D., Wieder D. You can't help but get stoned: Notes on the social organization of marijuana smoking. Social Problems 1977; 25(2)198–207
  • Zimring F. E., Hawkins G. The search for rational drug control. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1992
  • Zinberg N. E. Drug, set, and setting: The basis for controlled intoxicant use. Yale University Press, New Haven 1984

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.