Sedative and Analgesic Drugs Online: A Content Analysis of the Supply and Demand Information Available in Thailand

References

• Assanangkornchai, S., Sam-Angsri, N., Rerngpongpan, S., & Edwards, J. G. (2010). Anxiolytic and hypnotic drug misuse in Thailand: Findings from a national household survey. Drug and Alcohol Review, 29(1), 101–111. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-3362.2009.00092.x
   Google Scholar
• Blanco, C., Alderson, D., Ogburn, E., Grant, B. F., Nunes, E. V., Hatzenbuehler, M. L., & Hasin, D. S. (2007). Changes in the prevalence of non-medical prescription drug use and drug use disorders in the United States: 1991–1992 and 2001–2002. Drug And Alcohol Dependence, 90(2–3), 252–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.04.005
   Google Scholar
• Calhoun, S. R., Wesson, D. R., Galloway, G. P., & Smith, D. E. (1996). Abuse of Flunitrazepam (Rohypnol) and other Benzodiazepines in Austin and South Texas. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 28(2), 183–189. https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.1996.10524390
   Google Scholar
• Casati, A., Sedefov, R., & Pfeiffer-Gerschel, T. (2012). Misuse of medicines in the European Union: A systematic review of the literature. European Addiction Research, 18(5), 228–245. https://doi.org/10.1159/000337028
   Google Scholar
• Compton, W. M., & Volkow, N. D. (2006). Abuse of prescription drugs and the risk of addiction. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 83(Supplement 1), S4–S7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2005.10.020
   Google Scholar
• Cooper, R. J. (2013). Over-the-counter medicine abuse - a review of the literature. Journal of Substance Use, 18(2), 82–107. https://doi.org/10.3109/14659891.2011.615002
   Google Scholar
• Electronic Transaction Development Agency. (2015). Thailand internet user profile 2015. Electronic Transactions Development Agency (Public Organization). Bangkok, Thailand.
   Google Scholar
• Fittler, A., Bosze, G., & Botz, L. (2013). Evaluating aspects of online medication safety in long-term follow-up of 136 Internet pharmacies: Illegal rogue online pharmacies flourish and are long-lived. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 15(9), e199. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.2606
   Google Scholar
• Fox, N., & Ward, K. (2005). Global consumption and the challenge to pharmaceutical governance in the United Kingdom. Bmj (Clinical Research Ed.), 331(7507), 40–42.
   Google Scholar
• Fox, S., & Duggan, M. (2013). Health Online. Pew Internet & American Life Project 2013. Washington, DC.
   Google Scholar
• Hillebrand, J., Olszewski, D., & Sedefov, R. (2010). Legal highs on the Internet. Substance Use Misuse, 45(3), 330–340. https://doi.org/10.3109/10826080903443628
   Google Scholar
• Huang, B., Dawson, D. A., Stinson, F. S., Hasin, D. S., Ruan, W. J., Saha, T. D., … Grant, B. F. (2006). Prevalence, correlates, and comorbidity of nonmedical prescription drug use and drug use disorders in the United States: Results of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 67(7), 1062–1073.
   Google Scholar
• Inciardi, J. A., Surratt, H. L., Cicero, T. J., Rosenblum, A., Ahwah, C., Bailey, J. E., … Burke, J. J. (2010). Prescription drugs purchased through the internet: Who are the end users? Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 110(1–2), 21–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.01.015
   Google Scholar
• Janhsen, K., Roser, P., & Hoffmann, K. (2015). The problems of long-term treatment with benzodiazepines and related substances. Deutsches Ärzteblatt International, 112(1–2), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.2015.0001
   Google Scholar
• Jiraporncharoen, W., Likhitsathian, S., Lerssrimongkol, C., Jiraniramai, S., Siriluck, L., & Angkurawaranon, C. (2016). Sedative use: Its association with harmful alcohol use, harmful tobacco use and quality of life among health care workers in Thailand. Journal of Substance Use, 21(4), 414–422. https://doi.org/10.3109/14659891.2015.1042081
   Google Scholar
• Jones, J. D., Mogali, S., & Comer, S. D. (2012). Polydrug abuse: A review of opioid and benzodiazepine combination use. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 125(1–2), 8–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.07.004
   Google Scholar
• Katsuki, T., Mackey, T. K., & Cuomo, R. (2015). Establishing a link between prescription drug abuse and illicit online pharmacies: Analysis of twitter data. Journal of Medical Internet Research [Electronic Resource], 17(12), e280. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.5144
   Google Scholar
• Liang, A. B., & Mackey, K. T. (2011). Prevalence and Global Health Implications of Social Media in Direct-to-Consumer Drug Advertising. Journal of Medical Internet Research [Electronic Resource], 13(3), e64. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.1775
   Google Scholar
• Liang, B. A., & Mackey, T. (2009). Searching for safety: Addressing search engine, website, and provider accountability for illicit online drug sales. American Journal of Law & Medicine, 35(1), 125–184.
   Google Scholar
• Liang, B. A., & Mackey, T. K. (2012). Online availability and safety of drugs in shortage: A descriptive study of internet vendor characteristics. Journal of Medical Internet Research [Electronic Resource], 14(1), e27. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.1999
   Google Scholar
• Longo, L. P., Parran, T., Jr., Johnson, B., & Kinsey, W. (2000). Addiction: Part II. Identification and management of the drug-seeking patient. American Family Physician, 61(8), 2401–2408.
   Google Scholar
• Mackey, T. K., & Liang, B. A. (2013). Global reach of direct-to-consumer advertising using social media for illicit online drug sales. Journal Of Medical Internet Research [Electronic Resource], 15(5), e105. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.2610
   Google Scholar
• Mackey, T. K., & Nayyar, G. (2016). Digital danger: A review of the global public health, patient safety and cybersecurity threats posed by illicit online pharmacies. British Medical Bulletin, 118(1), 110–126. https://doi.org/10.1093/bmb/ldw016
   Google Scholar
• McCabe, S. E., West, B. T., Morales, M., Cranford, J. A., & Boyd, C. J. (2007). Does early onset of non-medical use of prescription drugs predict subsequent prescription drug abuse and dependence? Results from a national study. Addiction, 102(12), 1920–1930. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.02015.x
   Google Scholar
• NABP. (2017). VIPPS. Retrieved from https://nabp.pharmacy/programs/vipps/
   Google Scholar
• Orizio, G., Merla, A., Schulz, P. J., & Gelatti, U. (2011). Quality of online pharmacies and websites selling prescription drugs: A systematic review. Journal of Medical Internet Research [Electronic Resource], 13(3), e74. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.1795
   Google Scholar
• Patel, J. (2005). The regulation of online pharmacies; The need for a combined federal and state effort. Retrieved from https://web.law.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/microsites/career-services/The%20Regulation%20of%20Online%20Pharmacies.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Raine, C., Webb, D. J., & Maxwell, S. R. (2009). The availability of prescription-only analgesics purchased from the internet in the UK. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 67(2), 250–254. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.2008.03343.x
   Google Scholar
• Shutler, L., Nelson, L. S., Portelli, I., Blachford, C., & Perrone, J. (2015). Drug use in the twittersphere: A qualitative contextual analysis of tweets about prescription drugs. Journal of Addictive Diseases, 34(4), 303–310. https://doi.org/10.1080/10550887.2015.1074505
   Google Scholar
• Statistical Forecasting Bureau. (2015). The 2015 household survey on the use of information and communication technology. Bangkok: National Statistical Office.
   Google Scholar
• The Division of Import Operations and Policy, F. (2015). Importations of drugs: Information on importation of drugs. Retrieved from https://www.fda.gov/ForIndustry/ImportProgram/ucm173751.htm
   Google Scholar
• Vo, K., & Smollin, C. (2015). Online social networking and US poison control centers: Facebook as a means of information distribution. Clin Toxicol (Phila), 53(5), 466–469. https://doi.org/10.3109/15563650.2015.1014906
   Google Scholar
• Wax, P. M. (2002). Just a click away: Recreational drug Web sites on the Internet. Pediatrics, 109(6), e96.
   Google Scholar