Features, State and Context of Narcissism in Drug Misuse

References

• Amenta, S., Noël, X., & Campanella, S. (2012). Decoding of emotional components in complex communicative situations (irony) and its relation to empathic abilities in male chronic alcoholics: An issue for treatment. Alcohol Clinical Experimental Research, 37(2), 1–9. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.2012.01909.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amstrong, T. D., & Costello, E. J. (2002). Community studies on adolescent substance use, abuse or dependence and psychiatric comorbidity. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70, 1224–1239.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders.
   Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th Ed. American Psychiatric Association.
   Google Scholar
• Auerbach, J. S., (1993). The origins of narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder: A theoretical and empirical reformulation. In Masling, J. M., & Bornstein, R. F. (Ed), Psychoanalytic perspectives on psychopathology: Empirical studies of psychoanalytic theories (Vol. 4, pp. 43–110). American Psychological Association. xxix.
   Google Scholar
• Bachman, J. G., Wadsworth, K., O’Malley, P., Jonhston, L., & Schulenberg, J. (1997). Smoking, drinking and drug use in young adulthood: The impacts of new freedoms and new responsibilities. Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Baumeister, R. F., & Vohs, K. D. (2001). Narcissism as addiction to esteem. Psychological Inquiry, 12(4), 206–209.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, J. H., & Clarey, A. M. (2012). The social psychology of disintegrative shaming in education. Journal of Drug Education, 42(2), 229–253. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2190/DE.42.2.g
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cain, N. M., Pincus, A. L., & Ansell, E. B. (2008). Narcissism at the crossroads: Phenotypic description of pathological narcissism across clinical theory, social/personality psychology, and psychiatric diagnosis. Clinical Psychology Review, 28(4), 638–656. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2007.09.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calsyn, D. A., Fleming, C., Wells, E. A., & Saxon, A. J. (1996). Personality disorder subtypes among opiate addicts in metadone maintenance. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 10(1), 3–8. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-164X.10.1.3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell, W. K., Goodie, A. S., & Foster, J. D. (2004). Narcissism, confidence, and risk attitude. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 7(4), 297–311.
   Google Scholar
• Campbell, W. K., Rudich, E. A., & Sedikides, C. (2002). Narcissism, self-esteem, and the positivity of self-views: Two portraits of selflove. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28(3), 358–368. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167202286007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caspi, A., Moffitt, T. E., Newman, D. L., & Silva, P. A. (1996). Behavioral observations at age 3 years predict adult psychiatric disorders. Longitudinal evidence from a birth cohort. Archives of General Psychiatry, 53(11), 1033–1039. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1996.01830110071009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chapman, A., & Cellucci, T. (2006). The role of antisocial and borderline personality features in substance dependence among incarcerated females. Addictive Behaviors, 32(6), 1131–1145. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2006.08.001b
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chassin, L., Pitts, S. C., & Prost, J. (2002). Binge drinking trajectories from adolescence to emerging adulthood in a high-risk sample: Predictors and substance abuse outcomes. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70(1), 67–78. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.70.1.67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheong, J., & Nagoshi, C. T. (1999). Effects of sensation seeking instruction set, and alcohol/placebo administration on aggressive behavior. Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.), 17(1), 81–86. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0741-8329(98)00036-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clonninger, C. R., Sigvardsson, S., & Bohman, M. (1988). Childhood personality predicts alcohol abuse in young adults. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 12(4), 494–505.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Compton, W. M., Thomas, Y. F., Stinson, F. S., & Grant, B. F. (2007). Prevalence, correlates, disability, and comorbidity of DSM-IV drug abuse and dependence in the United States: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related conditions. Archives of General Psychiatry, 64(5), 566–576. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.64.5.566
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper, M. L., Russell, M., Skinner, J. B., & Windle, M. (1992). Development and validation of a three-dimensional measure of drinking motives. Psychological Assessment, 4(2), 123–132. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.4.2.123
   Google Scholar
• Cooper, M. L. (1994). Motivations for alcohol use among adolescents. Development and validation of a four factor model. Psychological Assessment, 6(2), 117–128. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.6.2.117
   Google Scholar
• Derefinko, K. J., & Lynam, D. R. (2007). Using the FFM to conceptualize psychopathy: A test using a drug abusing sample. Journal of Personality Disorders, 21(6), 638–656. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi.2007.21.6.638
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donnelly, J., Young, M., Pearson, R., Penhollow, T., & Hernandez, A. (2008). Area specific self-esteem, values, and adolescent substance use. Journal of Drug Education, 38(4), 389–403. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2190/DE.38.4.f
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elkind, D. (1967). Egocentrism in adolescence. Child Development, 38(4), 1025–1034. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2307/1127100
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emler, N. (1984). Differential involvement in delinquency: Toward an interpretation in terms of reputation management. In B. A. Maher and W. B. Maher (Eds.), Progress in experimental personality research, vol 13. Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Emler, N. (1990). A social psychology of reputation: In W. Stroebe and M. Hewstone (eds). European Review of Social Psychology, (1), 171–193. 1 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14792779108401861
   Google Scholar
• Ferguson, C. (2010). A meta-analysis of normal and disordered personality across the life span. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98(4), 659–667. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018770
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finn, P. R., Mazas, C. A., Justus, A., & Steinmetz, J. (2002). Early-onset alcoholism with conduct disorder: Go/no go learning deficits, working memory capacity and personality. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 26(2), 186–206. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.2002.tb02524.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foster, J. D. F., Campbell, W. K., & Twenge, J. M. (2003). Individual differences in narcissism: Inflated self-views across the lifespan and around the world. Journal of Research in Personality, 37(6), 469–486.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foster, J. D., Shrira, I., & Campbell, W. K. (2006). Theoretical models of narcissism, sexuality, and relationship commitment. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 23(3), 367–386. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407506064204
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freud, S. (1957). On narcissism: An introduction. In J. Strachey (Ed. and Trans.), Standard edition. (Vol. 14, pp.73–102). Hogarth Press. (Original work published 1914).
   Google Scholar
• Fritz, M., Wiklund, G., Koposov, R., Klinteberg, B., & Ruchkin, V. (2008). Psychopathy and violence in juvenile delinquents: What are the associated factors? International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 31(3), 272–279. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2008.04.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glover, N., Miller, J. D., Lynam, D. R., Crego, C., & Widiger, T. A. (2012). The Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory: A five-factor measure of narcissistic personality traits. Journal of Personality Assessment, 94(5), 500–512. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2012.670680
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldberg, J. H., Halpern-Felsher, B. L., & Millstein, S. G. (2002). Beyond invulnerability: The importance benefits in adolescents’ decision to drink alcohol. Health Psychology: Official Journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association, 21(5), 477–484. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.21.5.477
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldstein, R., Dawson, D., Saha, T., June Ruan, W., Compton, W., & Gran, B. (2007). Antisocial behavioral syndromes and DSM-IV alcohol use disorders: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Alcohol Clinical Experimental Research, 3(5), 814–828.
   Google Scholar
• Goldstein, R., Compton, W., Pulay, A., Ruan, W. J., Pickering, R., Stinson, F., & Grant, B. (2007). Antisocial behavioral syndromes and DSM-IV drug use disorders in the United States: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 90(2-3), 145–158. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.02.023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greene, K., Krcmar, M., Walters, L. H., Rubin, D. L., & Hale, J. L. (2000). Targeting adolescent risk-taking behaviors: The contribution of egocentrism and sensation-seeking. Journal of Adolescence, 23 (4), 439–461. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1006/jado.2000.0330
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gudonis, L. C., Derefinko, K., & Giancola, P. R. The treatment of substance misuse in psychopathic individuals: Why heterogeneity matters. Substance Use & Misuse, (2009). 44(9-10), 1415–1433. Copyright © 2009 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc. ISSN: 1082-6084 (print); 1532-2491 (online) https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10826080902961625
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hendin, H., M., & Cheek, J. M. (1997). Assessing hypersensitive narcissism: A reexamination of Murray’s narcissism scale. Journal of Research in Personality, 31(4), 588–599. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1006/jrpe.1997.2204
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howard, M. O., Kivlahan, D., & Walker, R. D. (1977). Cloninger's tridimensional theory of personality and psychopathology: applications to substance use disorders. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 58(1), 48–66. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.1997.58.48
   Google Scholar
• Jackson, K. M., Sher, K. J., & Schulenberg, J. E. (2005). Conjoint developmental trajectories of young adult alcohol and tobacco use. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114(4), 612–626. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.114.4.612
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnston, L. D., O’Malley, P., & Bachman, J. (1999). National Survey results on drug use from the Monitoring the Future Study, 1975-1998: Volume 1. Secondary students (USDHHS, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Publication No. 99-4660). U.S. Government Printing Office.
   Google Scholar
• Johnston, L. D., O’Malley, P., Bachman, J. G., & Schulemberg, J. E. (2011a). Monitoring the Future national survey results on drug use, 1975-2010: Volume I, Secondary school students. Ann Arbor. Institute for Social Research. The University of Michigan.
   Google Scholar
• Johnston, L. D., O’Malley, P., Bachman, J. G., & Schulemberg, J. E. (2011b). Monitoring the Future national survey results on drug use, 1975-2010: Volume II, College students and adult ages 19-50. Ann Arbor. Institute for Social Research. The University of Michigan.
   Google Scholar
• Jessor, R., Donovan, J. E., & Costa, F. M. (1991). Beyond adolescence: Problem behavior and young adult development. Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kavas, A. (2009). Self-esteem and health-risk behaviours among Turkish late adolescents. Adolescence, 32(2), 173–198.
   Google Scholar
• Kendler, K. S., Prescott, C. A., Myers, J., & Neale, M. C. (2003). The structure of genetic and environmental risk factors for common psychiatric and substance use disorders in men and women. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60(9), 929–937. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.60.9.929
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King, K. M., & Chassin, L. ( (2004). Mediating and moderated effects of adolescent behavioral undercontrol and parenting in the prediction of drug use disorders in emerging adulthood. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors: Journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors, 18(3), 239–249. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-164X.18.3.239
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirkpatrick, L. A., Waugh, C. E., Valencia, A., & Webster, G. D. (2002). The functional domain specificity of self-esteem and the differential prediction of aggression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(5), 756–767. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.82.5.756
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kohut, H. (1966). Forms and transformations of narcissism. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 14(2), 243–272. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/000306516601400201
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kohut, H. (1971). The analysis of the self. International Universities Press.
   Google Scholar
• Krueger, R. F., Hicks, B. M., Patrick, C. J., Carlson, S. R., Iacono, W. G., & McGue, M. (2002). Etiologic connections among substance dependence, antisocial behavior, and personality: Modeling the externalizing spectrum. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111(3), 411–424. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.111.3.411
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lasch, C. (1979). The culture of narcissism: American life in an age of diminishing expectations. Norton.
   Google Scholar
• Legrand, L. N., McGue, M., & Iacono, W. G. (1999). Searching for interactive effects in the etiology of early-onset substance use. Behavior Genetics, 29(6), 433–444. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1021627021553
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucas, R., & Donnellan, B. (2011). Personality development across the life span: Longitudinal analyses with a national sample from Germany. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101(4), 847–861. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024298
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luhtanen, R. K., & Crocker, J. (2005). Alcohol use in college students: Effects of level of self-esteem, narcissism, and contingencies of self-worth. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 19(1), 99–103. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-164X.19.1.99
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mariani, J. J., Horey, J., Bisaga, A., Aharonovich, E., Raby, W., Cheng, W. Y., Nunes, E., Levin, F. R. (2008). Antisocial behavioral syndromes in cocaine and cannabis dependence. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 34(4), 405–414. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00952990802122473
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinotti, G., Di Nicola, M., Tedeschi, D., Cundari, S., & Janiri, L. (2009). Empathy ability is impaired in alcohol-dependent patients. American Journal on Addictions, 18(2), 157–161. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10550490802544391
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markus, H. R., Kitayama, S., & Heiman, R. (1996). Culture and “basic” psychological principles. In E. Higgins & A. Kruglanski (Eds.), Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles (pp. 857–913). Guilford.
   Google Scholar
• Maurage, P., Grynberg, D., Noël, X., Joassin, F., Philippot, P., Hanak, C., Verbanck, P., Luminet, O., de Timary, P., Campanella, S. (2011). Dissociation between affective and cognitive empathy in alcoholism: A specific deficit for the emotional dimension. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 35(9), no–n7. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.2011.01512.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McBride, A. A., Joe, G. W., & Simpson, D. D. (1991). Prediction of long-term alcohol use, drug use and criminality among inhalant users. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 13(3), 315–323. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/07399863910133007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGue, M., Iacono, W. G., Legrand, L. N., Malone, S., & Elkins, L. (2001). Origins and consequences of age at first drink: I. Associations with substance-use disorders, disinhibitory behavior and psychopathology, and P3 amplitude. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 25(8), 1156–1165. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.2001.tb02330.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, J. D., McCain, J., Lynam, D. R., Few, L. R., Gentile, B., MacKillop, J., Campbell, W. K. (2014). A comparison of the criterion validity of popular measures of narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder via the use of expert ratings. Psychological Assessment, 26(3), 958–969. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/a0036613
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, J. D., Hoffman, B., Gaughan, E., Gentile, B., Maple S, J., & Campbell, W. (2011). Grandiose and vulnerable narcissism: A nomological network analysis. Journal of Personality, 79(5), 1013–1042. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1467-6494.2010.00711.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moos, R. H. (2003). Addictive disorders in context: Principles and puzzles of effective treatment and recovery. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors: Journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors, 17(1), 3–12. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-164x.17.1.3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morf, C. C., & Rhodewalt, F. (2001a). Unraveling the paradoxes of narcissism: A dynamic self-regulatory processing model. Psychological Inquiry, 12 (4), 177–196. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1204_1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morf, C. C., & Rhodewalt, F. (2001b). Expanding the dynamic self-regulatory processing model of narcissism: Research directions for the future. Psychological Inquiry, 12(4), 243–251. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1204_3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Musitu, G., Jiménez, T. I., & Murgui, S. (2007). Funcionamiento familiar, autoestima y consumo de sustancias en adolescentes: Un modelo de mediación. Salud Pública de México, 49(1), 3–10. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/S0036-36342007000100002
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nguyen, A., Clark, T., & Belgrave, F. (2011). Empathy and drug use behaviors among African-American adolescents. Journal of Drug Education, 41(3), 289–308. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2190/DE.41.3.d
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orth, U., Trzesniewski, K. H., & Robins, R. W. (2010). Self-esteem development from young adulthood to old age: A cohort-sequential longitudinal study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98(4), 645–658. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018769
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pagano, M. E., Swaringen, S., & Frank, S. H. (2016). Low other-regard and adolescent addiction. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 25(3), 268–276. Epub accessed August 8, 2016. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/1067828X.2015.1039684
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patrick, C. J., Hicks, B. M., Krueger, R. F., & Lang, A. R. (2005). Relations between psychopathy facets and externalizing in a criminal offender sample. Journal of Personality Disorders, 19(4), 339–356. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi.2005.19.4.339
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pincus, A. L., Ansell, E. B., Pimentel, C. A., Cain, N. M., Wright, A., & Levy, K. N. (2009). Initial construction and validation of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory. Psychological Assessment, 21(3), 365–379. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016530
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pincus, A. L., & Lukowitsky, M. R. (2010). Pathological narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 6(1), 421–446. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131215
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preller, K. H., Hulka, L. M., Vonmoos, M., Jenni, D., Baumgartner, M. R., Seifritz, E., Dziobek, I., & Quednow, B. B. (2014). Impaired emotional empathy and related social network deficits in cocaine users. Addiction Biology, 19(3), 452–466. Epub 2013 Jun 25. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.12070
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prochaska, J. O., & DiClemente, C. C. (1984). The transtheoretical approach: Towards a systematic eclectic framework. Dow Jones Irwin.
   Google Scholar
• Raskin, R., & Terry, H. (1988). A principal-components analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and further evidence of its construct validity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(5), 890–902. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.54.5.890
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reich, J. (2007). State and trait in personality disorders. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, 19 (1), 37–44. http://www.informaworld.com/ https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10401230601163584
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ronningstam, E. (2005). Identifying and understanding the narcissistic personality. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rose, P. (2007). Mediators of the association between Narcissism and compulsive buying: The roles of materialism and impulse control. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors: Journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors, 21(4), 576–581. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-164X.21.4.576
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schroeder, D., Laflin, M., & Weis, D. (1993). Is there a relationship between self-esteem and drug use? Methodological and statistical limitations of the research. Journal of Drug Issues, 23(4), 645–664. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/002204269302300406
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sher, K. J., & Trull, T. J. (1994). Personality and disinhibitory psychopathology: Alcoholism and antisocial personality disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103(1), 92–102. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.103.1.92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, S. S., & Newman, J. P. (1990). Alcohol and drug abuse-dependence disorders in psychopathic and nonpsycopathic criminal offenders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 99(4), 430–439. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.99.4.430
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Specht, J., Egloff, B., & Schmukle, S. (2011). Stability and change of personality across the life course: The impact of age and mayor life events on mean-level and rank-order stability of the Big Five. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101(4), 862–882. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024950
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stinson, F. S., Dawson, D. A., Goldstein, R. B., Chou, S. P., Huang, B., Smith, S. M., Ruan, W. J., Pulay, A. J., Saha, T. D., Pickering, R. P., Grant, B. F. …. (2008). Prevalence, correlates, disability, and comorbidity of DSM-IV narcissistic personality disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 69(7), 1033–1045. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4088/jcp.v69n0701
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Svrakic, D. M., Lecic-Tosevski, D., & Divac-Jovanovic, M. (2009). DSM axis II: Personality disorders or adaptation disorders? Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 22(1), 111–117. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0b013e32831a4763
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tetzlaff, B. T., Kahn, J. H., Godley, S. H., Godley, M. D., Diamond, Gs., & Funk, R. R. (2005). Working alliance, treatment satisfaction, and patterns of posttreatment use among adolescent substance users. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 19(2), 199–207. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-164X.19.2.199
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson, K. M. (1989). Effects of early alcohol use on adolescents’ relations with peers and self-esteem: Patterns over time. Adolescence, 24(96), 837–849.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tourian, K., Alterman, A., Metzger, D., Rutherford, M., Cacciola, J. S., & McKay, J. R. (1997). Validity of three measures of antisociality in predicting HIV risk behaviors in methadone-maintenance patients. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 47(2), 99–107. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0376-8716(97)00076-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tracy, J. L., & Robins, R. W. (2003). Death of a (narcissistic) salesman’’: An integrative model of fragile self-esteem. Psychological Inquiry, 14(1), 57–62.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tracy, J. L., & Robins, R. W. (2006). Appraisal antecedents of shame and guilt: Support for a theoretical model. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 32(10), 1339–1351. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167206290212
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Triandis, H. C. (1995). Individualism and collectivism. Westview Press.
   Google Scholar
• Twenge, J. M. (2006). Generation me: Why today’s young Americans are more confident, assertive, entitled- and more miserable than even before. Free Press.
   Google Scholar
• Twenge, J. M., Konrath, S., Foster, J. D., Campbell, W. K., & Bushman, B. J., (2008). Egos inflating over time: A cross-temporal meta-analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory. Journal of Personality, 76(4), 875–902. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2008.00507.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Twenge, J. M., & Campbell, W. K. (2010). The narcissism epidemic: Living in the age of entitlement. Free Press.
   Google Scholar
• Twenge, J., Campbell, W. K., & Freeman, E. C., (2012). Generational differences in young adults' life goals, concern for others, and civic orientation, 1966-2009. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102(5), 1045–1062. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027408
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vazire, S., & Funder, D. C., (2006). Impulsivity and the self-defeating behavior of narcissists. Personality and Social Psychology Review: An Official Journal of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc, 10(2), 154–165. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr1002_4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wink, P., (1991). Two faces of narcissism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(4), 590–597. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.61.4.590
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wootton, J. M., Frick, P., J., Shelton, K. K., & Silverthorn, P. (1997). Ineffective parenting and childhood conduct problems: The moderating role of callous-unemotional traits. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65(2), 301–308. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.65.2.292.b
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young, S. E., Friedman, N. P., Miyake, A., Willcutt, E. G., Corley, R. P., Haberstick, B. C., Hewitt, J. K., …. (2009). Behavioral disinhibition: Liability for externalizing spectrum disorders and its genetic and environmental relation to response inhibition across adolescence. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 118(1), 117–130. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014657
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Zavala, A. G., Cichocka, A., Eidelson, R., & Jayawickreme, N., (2009). Collective narcjssism and its social consequences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97(6), 1074–1096. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016904
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zucker, R., Boyd, G., & Howard, J. (1994). The development of alcohol problems: Exploring the biopsychosocial matrix of risk. In NIAAA research monograph. 26; NIH Publication. No. 94–3495).
   Google Scholar
• Zuckerman, M. (1979). Sensation seeking and risk taking. In C. E. Izard (Ed.), Emotions in personality and psychopathology (pp. 163–187). Plenum Press.
   Google Scholar