Coping Motivated Alcohol Use: The Role of Social Anxiety and Dissociation

References

• American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. (5th ed.). Author.
   Google Scholar
• Bandura, A. (1991). Social cognitive theory of self-regulation. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 248–287. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90022-L
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baslet, G., & Hill, J. (2011). Case report: Brief mindfulness-based psychotherapeutic intervention during inpatient hospitalization in a patient with conversion and dissociation. Clinical Case Studies, 10(2), 95–109. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534650110396359
   Google Scholar
• Blevins, C. A., Weathers, F. W., & Mason, E. A. (2012). Construct validity of three depersonalization measures in trauma-exposed college students. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation: The Official Journal of the International Society for the Study of Dissociation (Issd), 13(5), 539–553. https://doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2012.678470
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beidel, D. C., & Turner, S. M. (2007). Shy children, phobic adults: Nature and treatment of social anxiety disorder. (2nd ed.). American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Buckner, J. D., & Heimberg, R. G. (2010). Drinking behaviors in social situations account for alcohol-related problems among socially anxious individuals. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors: journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors, 24(4), 640–648. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020968
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buckner, J. D., Heimberg, R. G., Ecker, A. H., & Vinci, C. (2013). A biopsychosocial model of social anxiety and substance use. Depression and Anxiety, 30(3), 276–284. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Canan, F., & North, C. S. (2020). The association between general and pathological dissociation and disaster-related psychopathology in directly exposed survivors. Psychiatry, 83(3), 292–214. https://doi.org/10.1080/00332747.2020.1716440
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cassano, G. B., Petracca, A., Perugi, G., Toni, C., Tundo, A., & Roth, M. (1989). Derealization and panic attacks: A clinical evaluation on 150 patients with panic disorder/agoraphobia. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 30(1), 5–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-440X(89)90112-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarke, K. A. (2003). A Simple Distribution-Free Test for Nonnested Hypotheses. Department of Political Science, University of Rochester. Harkness Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Clerkin, E. M., & Barnett, N. (2012). The separate and interactive effects of drinking motives and social anxiety symptoms in predicting drinking outcomes. Addictive Behaviors, 37(5), 674–677. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.01.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conger, J. J. (1956). Reinforcement theory and the dynamics of alcoholism. Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 17(2), 296–305. https://doi.org/10.15288/qjsa.1956.17.296
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cooper, M. L. (1994). Motivations for alcohol use among adolescents: Development and validation of a four-factor model. Psychological Assessment, 6(2), 117–128. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.6.2.117
   Google Scholar
• Cooper, M. L., Frone, M. R., Russell, M., & Mudar, P. (1995). Drinking to regulate positive and negative emotional: A motivational model of alcohol use. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(5), 990–1005. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.69.5.990
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cox, B. J., Ross, L., Swinson, R. P., & Direnfeld, D. M. (1998). A comparison of social phobia outcome measures in cognitive-behavioral group therapy. Behavior Modification, 22(3), 285–297. https://doi.org/10.1177/01454455980223004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davey, G. C., Burgess, I., & Rashes, R. (1995). Coping strategies and phobias: The relationship between fears, phobias and methods of coping with stressors. The British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 34(3), 423–434. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8260.1995.tb01477.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dell, P. F., & O’Neil, J. A. (Eds.). (2009). Dissociation and the dissociative disorders: DSM-5 and beyond. Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
   Google Scholar
• Fachini, A., Aliane, P. A., Martinez, E. Z., & Furtado, E. F. (2012). Efficacy of brief alcohol screening intervention for college students (BASICS): A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy, 7(40), 40–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1747-597X-7-40
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fresco, D. M., Coles, M. E., Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hami, S., Stein, M. B., & Goetz, D. (2001). The Liebowitz social anxiety scale: A comparison of the psychometric properties of self-report and clinician-administered formats. Psychological Medicine, 31(6), 1025–1035. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291701004056
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilles, D. M., Turk, C. L., & Fresco, D. M. (2006). Social anxiety, alcohol expectancies, and self-efficacy as predictors of heavy drinking in college students. Addictive Behaviors, 31(3), 388–398. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015543
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ham, L. S., Casner, H. G., Bacon, A. K., & Shaver, J. A. (2011). Speeches, strangers, and alcohol use: The role of context in social stress response dampening. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 42(4), 462–472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2011.04.004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ham, L. S., Zamboanga, B. L., Bacon, A. K., & Garcia, T. A. (2009). Drinking motives as mediators of social anxiety and hazardous drinking among college students. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 38(3), 133–145. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506070802610889
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hoyer, J., Braeuer, D., Crawcour, S., Klumbies, E., & Kirschbaum, C. (2013). Depersonalization/derealization during acute social stress in social phobia. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 27(2), 178–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anxdis.2013.01.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khantzian, E. J. (1985). The self-medication hypothesis of addictive disorders: Focus on heroin and cocaine dependence. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 142(11), 1259–1264. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.142.11.1259
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LaBrie, J., Pedersen, E. R., Neighbors, C., & Hummer, J. F. (2008). The role of self-consciousness in the experience of alcohol-related consequences among college students. Addictive Behaviors, 33(6), 812–820. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2008.01.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langmuir, J. I., Kirsh, S. G., & Classen, C. C. (2012). A pilot study of body-oriented group psychotherapy: Adapting sensorimotor psychotherapy for the group treatment of trauma. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 4(2), 214–220. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025588
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis, M. A., Hove, M. C., Whiteside, U., Lee, C. M., Kirkeby, B. S., Oster-Aaland, L., Neighbors, C., & Larimer, M. E. (2008). Fitting in and feeling fine: Conformity and coping motives as mediators of the relationship between social anxiety and problematic drinking. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors: journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors, 22(1), 58–67. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-164X.22.1.58
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lipari, R. N., & Jean-Francois, B. A. (2016). Day in the Life of College Students Aged 18 to 22: Substance Use Facts (The CBHSQ Report) Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.
   Google Scholar
• MacKinnon, D. P., Krull, J. L., & Lockwood, C. M. (2000). Equivalence of the mediation, confounding and suppression effects. Prevention Science: The Official Journal of the Society for Prevention Research, 1(4), 173–181.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MacLean, M. G., & Lecci, L. (2000). A comparison of models of drinking motives in a university sample. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 14(1), 83–87. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-164X.14.1.83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mallett, K. A., Marzell, M., Varvil-Weld, L., Turrisi, R., Guttman, K., & Abar, C. (2011). One-time or repeat offenders? An examination of the patterns of alcohol-related consequences experienced by college students across the freshman year. Addictive Behaviors, 36(5), 508–511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.12.022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marquez, M., Segui, J., Garcia, L., Canet, J., & Ortiz, M. (2001). Is panic disorder with psychosensorial symptoms (depersonalization-derealization) a more severe clinical subtype? Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, 189(5), 332–335.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mennin, D. S., Fresco, D. M., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., O Davies, S., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2002). Screening for social anxiety disorder in the clinical setting: Using the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 16(6), 661–673. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0887-6185(02)00134-2
   Google Scholar
• Michelson, L. K., & Ray, W. J. (Eds.). (1996). Handbook of dissociation: Theoretical, empirical, and clinical perspectives. Plenum Press.
   Google Scholar
• Morris, E. P., Stewart, S. H., & Ham, L. S. (2005). The relationship between social anxiety disorder and alcohol use disorders: A critical review. Clinical Psychology Review, 25(6), 734–760. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpor.2005.05.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy, J. G., McDevitt-Murphy, M. E., & Barnett, N. P. (2005). Drink and be merry? Gender, life satisfaction, and alcohol consumption among college students. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors, 19(2), 184–191. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-164X.19.2.184
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muthen, L. K., & Muthen, B.O. (1998–2017). Mplus User’s Guide (8th ed.). Muthen & Muthen.
   Google Scholar
• National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Task Force on Recommended Alcohol Questions (2003). Task Force on Recommended Alcohol Questions – National Council on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Recommended Sets of Alcohol Consumption Questions – October 15-16, 2003. Retrieved from https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/research/guidelines-and-resources/recommended-alcohol-questions
   Google Scholar
• Norberg, M. M., Norton, A. R., & Olivier, J. (2009). Refining measurement in the study of social anxiety and student drinking: Who you are and why you drink determines your outcomes. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 23(4), 586–597. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016994
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noyes, R., Hoenk, P. R., Kuperman, S., & Slymen, D. J. (1977). Depersonalization in accident victims and psychiatric patients. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 164(6), 401–407. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-197706000-00005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Grady, M. A., Cullum, J., Armeli, S., & Tennen, H. (2011). Putting the relationship between social anxiety and alcohol use into context: A daily diary investigation of drinking in response to embarrassing events. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 30(6), 599–615. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2011.30.6.599
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preacher, K. J., Rucker, D. D., & Hayes, A. F. (2007). Addressing moderated mediation hypotheses: Theory, methods, and prescriptions. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 42(1), 185–227. https://doi.org/10.1080/00273170701341316
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Read, J. P., Kahler, C. W., Strong, D. R., & Colder, C. R. (2006). Development and preliminary validation of the young adult alcohol consequences questionnaire. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 67(1), 169–177. https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.169
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Read, J. P., Merrill, J. E., Kahler, C. W., & Strong, D. R. (2007). Predicting functional outcomes among college drinkers: reliability and predictive validity of the Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire. Addictive Behaviors, 32(11), 2597–2610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2007.06.021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberson-Nay, R., Strong, D. R., Nay, W. T., Beidel, D. C., & Turner, S. M. (2007). Development of an abbreviated social phobia and anxiety inventory (SPAI) using item response theory: The SPAI-23. Psychological Assessment, 19(1), 133–145. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.19.1.133
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schry, A. R., Roberson-Nay, R., & White, S. W. (2012). Measuring social anxiety in college students: A comprehensive evaluation of the psychometric properties of the SPAI-23. Psychological Assessment, 24(4), 846–854. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027398
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schry, A. R., & White, S. W. (2013). Understanding the relationship between social anxiety and alcohol use in college students: A meta-analysis. Addictive Behaviors, 38(11), 2690–2706. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.06.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulenberg, J. E., Johnston, L. D., O’Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G., Miech, R. A., & Patrick, M. E. (2017). Monitoring the Future nation survey results on drug use, 1975-2016: Volume II, College students and adults ages 19-55. Institute for Social Research, The University of Michigan.
   Google Scholar
• Simeon, D., Knutelska, M., Nelson, D., & Guralnik, O. (2003). Feeling unreal: A depersonalization disorder update of 117 cases. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 64(9), 990–997. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.v64n0903
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sierra, M., & Berrios, G. E. (2000). The Cambridge deprsonalisation scale: A new instrument for the measurement of depersonalization. Psychiatry Research, 93(2), 153–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-1781(00)00100-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart, S. H., Morris, E., Mellings, T., & Komar, J. (2009). Relations of social anxiety variables to drinking motives, drinking quantity and frequency, and alcohol-related problems in undergraduates. Journal of Mental Health, 15(6), 671–682. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638230600998904
   Google Scholar
• Stone, A. A., & Shiffman, S. (1994). Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) in behavioral medicine. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 16(3), 199–202. https://doi.org/10.1093/abm/16.3.199
   Google Scholar
• Terlecki, M. A., Buckner, J. D., Larimer, M. E., & Copeland, A. L. (2012). Brief motivational intervention for college drinking: The synergistic impact of social anxiety and perceived drinking norms. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors: journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors, 26(4), 917–923. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027982
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thush, C., Wiers, R. W., Moerbeek, M., Ames, S. L., Grenard, J. L., Sussman, S., & Stacy, A. W. (2009). Influence of motivational interviewing on explicit and implicit alcohol-related cognition and alcohol use in at-risk adolescents. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors, 23(1), 146–151. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013789
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trueman, D. (1984). Depersonalization in a nonclinical population. The Journal of Psychology, 116(1st Half), 107–112. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.1984.9923624
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vuong, Q. H. (1989). Likelihood ratio tests for model selection and non-nested hypotheses. Econometrica, 57(2), 307–333. https://doi.org/10.2307/1912557
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zdankiewicz-Scigala, E., & Scigala, D. K. (2020). Attachment style, early childhood trauma, alexithymia, and dissociation among persons addicted to alcohol: Structural equation model of dependencies. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02957
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zerubavel, N., & Messman-Moore, T. L. (2015). Staying present: Incorporating mindfulness into therapy for dissociation. Mindfulness, 6(2), 303–314. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-013-0261-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar