Health Care Utilization among Homeless-Experienced Adults Who Were Seen by a Mobile Addiction Health Clinic in Boston, Massachusetts: A Quasi-Experimental Study

References

• Bharel, M., Lin, W. C., Zhang, J., O’Connell, E., Taube, R., & Clark, R. E. (2013). Health care utilization patterns of homeless individuals in Boston: Preparing for Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act. American Journal of Public Health, 103 Suppl 2Suppl 2(Suppl 2), S311–S317. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2013.301421
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program. (2022). Our mission and work. Accessed December 10, 2022. Retrieved from https://www.bhchp.org/about/our-mission-work/
   Google Scholar
• Carter, J., Zevin, B., & Lum, P. J. (2019). Low barrier buprenorphine treatment for persons experiencing homelessness and injecting heroin in San Francisco. Addiction Science & Clinical Practice, 14(1), 20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13722-019-0149-1
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chan, B., Hoffman, K. A., Bougatsos, C., Grusing, S., Chou, R., & McCarty, D. (2021). Mobile methadone medication units: A brief history, scoping review and research opportunity. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 129, 108483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2021.108483
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charlson, M. E., Pompei, P., Ales, K. L., & MacKenzie, C. R. (1987). A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: Development and validation. Journal of Chronic Diseases, 40(5), 373–383. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9681(87)90171-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Farber, J. I., Korc-Grodzicki, B., Du, Q., Leipzig, R. M., & Siu, A. L. (2011). Operational and quality outcomes of a mobile acute care for the elderly service. Journal of Hospital Medicine, 6(6), 358–363. https://doi.org/10.1002/jhm.878
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fine, D. R., Weinstock, K., Plakas, I., Mackin, S., Wright, J., Gaeta, J. M., Donelan, K., & Baggett, T. P. (2021). Experience with a mobile addiction program among people experiencing homelessness or unstable housing. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 32(3), 1145–1154. https://doi.org/10.1353/hpu.2021.0119
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grieb, S. M., Harris, R., Rosecrans, A., Zook, K., Sherman, S. G., Greenbaum, A., Lucas, G. M., & Page, K. R. (2022). Awareness, perception and utilization of a mobile health clinic by people who use drugs. Annals of Medicine, 54(1), 138–149. https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2021.2022188
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall, G., Neighbors, C. J., Iheoma, J., Dauber, S., Adams, M., Culleton, R., Muench, F., Borys, S., McDonald, R., & Morgenstern, J. (2014). Mobile opioid agonist treatment and public funding expands treatment for disenfranchised opioid-dependent individuals. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 46(4), 511–515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2013.11.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayashi, K., Wood, E., Wiebe, L., Qi, J., & Kerr, T. (2010). An external evaluation of a peer-run outreach-based syringe exchange in Vancouver, Canada. The International Journal on Drug Policy, 21(5), 418–421. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2896564/pdf/nihms186876.pdf https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2010.03.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koh, K. A., Racine, M., Gaeta, J. M., Goldie, J., Martin, D. P., Bock, B., Takach, M., O’Connell, J. J., & Song, Z. (2020). Health care spending and use among people experiencing unstable housing in the era of accountable care organizations. Health Affairs (Project Hope), 39(2), 214–223. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2019.00687
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krawczyk, N., Buresh, M., Gordon, M. S., Blue, T. R., Fingerhood, M. I., & Agus, D. (2019). Expanding low-threshold buprenorphine to justice-involved individuals through mobile treatment: Addressing a critical care gap. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 103, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2019.05.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuo, I., Brady, J., Butler, C., Schwartz, R., Brooner, R., Vlahov, D., & Strathdee, S. A. (2003). Feasibility of referring drug users from a needle exchange program into an addiction treatment program: Experience with a mobile treatment van and LAAM maintenance. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 24(1), 67–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0740-5472(02)00343-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malone, N. C., Williams, M. M., Smith Fawzi, M. C., Bennet, J., Hill, C., Katz, J. N., & Oriol, N. E. (2020). Mobile health clinics in the United States. International Journal for Equity in Health, 19(1), 40. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-020-1135-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLaughlin, M. F., Li, R., Carrero, N. D., Bain, P. A., & Chatterjee, A. (2021). Opioid use disorder treatment for people experiencing homelessness: A scoping review. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 224, 108717. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108717
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meges D, Z. B., Cookson E, Bascelli L, Denning P, Little J, Doe-Simkins M, Wheeler E, Watlov, & Phillips S, B. P., Nance M, Cobb G, Tankanow J, Williamson J, Post P (Eds.). (2014). Adapting your practice: Recommendations for the care of homeless patients with opioid use disorders. Retrieved from Nashville, TN:
   Google Scholar
• Morphew, T., Scott, L., Li, M., Galant, S. P., Wong, W., Garcia Lloret, M. I., Jones, F., Bollinger, M. E., & Jones, C. A. (2013). Mobile health care operations and return on investment in predominantly underserved children with asthma: The breathmobile program. Population Health Management, 16(4), 261–269. https://doi.org/10.1089/pop.2012.0060
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2019). Health and medicine division. In Mancher M, & Leshner A. I. (eds.), Medications for opioid use disorder save lives. National Academies Press (US). Accessed December 12, 2022. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK541389/
   Google Scholar
• O’Gurek, D. T., Jatres, J., Gibbs, J., Latham, I., Udegbe, B., & Reeves, K. (2021). Expanding buprenorphine treatment to people experiencing homelessness through a mobile, multidisciplinary program in an urban, underserved setting. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 127, 108342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2021.108342
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Omerov, P., Craftman, Å. G., Mattsson, E., & Klarare, A. (2020). Homeless persons’ experiences of health‐and social care: A systematic integrative review. Health & Social Care in the Community, 28(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.12857
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rae, B. E., & Rees, S. (2015). The perceptions of homeless people regarding their healthcare needs and experiences of receiving health care. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 71(9), 2096–2107. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.12675
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Regis, C., Gaeta, J. M., Mackin, S., Baggett, T. P., Quinlan, J., & Taveras, E. M. (2020). Community care in reach: Mobilizing harm reduction and addiction treatment services for vulnerable populations. Frontiers in Public Health, 8, 501. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00501
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reinert, M., Fritze, D., & Nguyen, T. (2022). The State of Mental Health in America 2022. Retrieved from Alexandria, VA: https://mhanational.org/sites/default/files/2022%20State%20of%20Mental%20Health%20in%20America.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Rosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. R. D. (1985). Constructing a control group using multivariate matched sampling methods that incorporate the propensity score. The American Statistician, 39(1), 33–38. https://doi.org/10.2307/2683903
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song, Z., Hill, C., Bennet, J., Vavasis, A., & Oriol, N. E. (2013). Mobile clinic in Massachusetts associated with cost savings from lowering blood pressure and emergency department use. Health Affairs (Project Hope), 32(1), 36–44. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2011.1392
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2011). Current Statistics on the Prevalence and Characteristics of People Experiencing Homelessness in the United States. Accessed February 3, 2023. Retrieved from https://www.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/programs_campaigns/homelessness_programs_resources/hrc-factsheet-current-statistics-prevalence-characteristics-homelessness.pdf
   Google Scholar
• National Center for Health Statistics. (2023). Percentage of having a doctor visit for any reason in the past 12 months for adults aged 18 and over, United States, 2019—2021. Accessed February 3, 2023. Retrieved from https://wwwn.cdc.gov/NHISDataQueryTool/SHS_adult/index.html
   Google Scholar
• Thoemmes, F. J., & Kim, E. S. (2011). A systematic review of propensity score methods in the social sciences. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 46(1), 90–118. https://doi.org/10.1080/00273171.2011.540475
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Upshur, C. C., Jenkins, D., Weinreb, L., Gelberg, L., & Orvek, E. A. (2018). Homeless women’s service use, barriers, and motivation for participating in substance use treatment. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 44(2), 252–262. https://doi.org/10.1080/00952990.2017.1357183
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wille, S. M., Kemp, K. A., Greenfield, B. L., & Walls, M. L. (2017). Barriers to healthcare for American Indians experiencing homelessness. Journal of Social Distress and the Homeless, 26(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/10530789.2016.1265211
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu, S. W. Y., Hill, C., Ricks, M. L., Bennet, J., & Oriol, N. E. (2017). The scope and impact of mobile health clinics in the United States: A literature review. International Journal for Equity in Health, 16(1), 178. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-017-0671-2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zerger, S., Bacon, S., Corneau, S., Skosireva, A., McKenzie, K., Gapka, S., O’Campo, P., Sarang, A., & Stergiopoulos, V. (2014). Differential experiences of discrimination among ethnoracially diverse persons experiencing mental illness and homelessness. BMC Psychiatry, 14(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-014-0353-1
   Google Scholar