References
- Abdel-Aal, R. E., & Mangoud, A. M. (1998). Modeling and forecasting monthly patient volume at a primary health care clinic using univariate time-series analysis. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 56(3), 235–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0169-2607(98)00032-7
- Action on Smoking and Health. (2016, 2016-12-21). ASH Daily News for 21 December 2016. Action on Smoking and Health. Retrieved 4 January from https://ash.org.uk/media-and-news/ash-daily-news/ash-daily-news-for-21-december-2016/
- Action on Smoking and Health. (2021). Use of e-cigarettes (vapes) among adults in Great Britain. Action on Smoking and Health. chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://ash.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Use-of-e-cigarettes-vapes-among-adults-in-Great-Britain-2021.pdf
- Action on Smoking and Health. (2023). Who we are - ASH. https://ash.org.uk/about/who-we-are
- Carneiro, H. A., & Mylonakis, E. (2009). Google trends: A web-based tool for real-time surveillance of disease outbreaks. Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 49(10), 1557–1564. https://doi.org/10.1086/630200
- Dai, H., & Hao, J. (2022). Online popularity of JUUL and Puff Bars in the USA: 2019–2020. Tobacco Control, 31(1), 7–10. https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2020-055727
- Dhamodharavadhani, S., & Rathipriya, R. (2020). Forecasting dengue incidence rate in Tamil Nadu using ARIMA time series model. In Machine learning for healthcare. (pp. 187–202). Chapman and Hall/CRC.
- Erdman, C., & Emerson, J. W. (2008). A fast Bayesian change point analysis for the segmentation of microarray data. Bioinformatics (Oxford, England), 24(19), 2143–2148. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btn404
- Ghosh, A., Bisaga, A., Kaur, S., & Mahintamani, T. (2022). Google Trends data: A potential new tool for monitoring the opioid crisis. European Addiction Research, 28(1), 33–40. https://doi.org/10.1159/000517302
- Ghosh, A., Kaur, S., & Roub, F. (2021). Use and interest of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS): Assessing the validity of Google Trends. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 47(4), 414–421. https://doi.org/10.1080/00952990.2021.1944171
- Ghosh, A., E-Roub, F., Krishnan, N. C., Choudhury, S., & Basu, A. (2021). Can google trends search inform us about the population response and public health impact of abrupt change in alcohol policy? A case study from India during the covid-19 pandemic. The International Journal on Drug Policy, 87, 102984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102984
- Gilliland, M. (2010). The business forecasting deal: Exposing myths, eliminating bad practices, providing practical solutions. John Wiley & Sons.
- Iwok, I. A., & Okpe, A. S. (2016). A comparative study between univariate and multivariate linear stationary time series models. American Journal of Mathematics and Statistics, 6(5), 203–212.
- J, J. (2021a). Google market share countries 2021. Statista Research Department. Retrieved 8 January from https://www.statista.com/statistics/220534/googles-share-of-search-market-in-selected-countries/
- J, J. (2021b). Leading search engines ranked by market share UK 2021 | Statista. Statista Research Department. Retrieved 8 January from https://www.statista.com/statistics/280269/market-share-held-by-search-engines-in-the-united-kingdom/
- J, J. (2022). Countries with the lowest internet penetration rate 2022. Statista Research Department. Retrieved 8 January from https://www.statista.com/statistics/725778/countries-with-the-lowest-internet-penetration-rate/
- Jacoby, W. G. (2000). Loess:: A nonparametric, graphical tool for depicting relationships between variables. Electoral Studies, 19(4), 577–613. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-3794(99)00028-1
- Kalkhoran, S., Chang, Y., & Rigotti, N. A. (2020). Online Searches for Quitting Vaping During the 2019 Outbreak of E-cigarette or Vaping Product Use-Associated Lung Injury. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 36(2), 559–560. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-05686-5
- Leas, E. C., Moy, N. H., Nobles, A. L., Ayers, J., Zhu, S.-H., & Purushothaman, V. (2022). Google Shopping queries for vaping products, JUUL and IQOS during the e-cigarette, or Vaping, product use associated lung injury (EVALI) outbreak. Tobacco Control, 31(e1), e74–e77. https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-056481
- Lee, J.-Y. (2020). Search trends preceding increases in suicide: A cross-correlation study of monthly Google search volume and suicide rate using transfer function models. Journal of Affective Disorders, 262, 155–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.014
- Leung, C. (2015). Exploring Google Trends: Finding keywords and queries. Quietly. Retrieved 19 November from https://blog.quiet.ly/industry/exploring-google-trends-explore-function-finding-keywords-queries/
- McNeil, A., Brose, L. S., Calder, R., Hitchman, S. C., Hajek, P., & McRobbie, H. (2015). E-cigarettes: An evidence update. A report commissioned by Public Health England. Public Health England, 111, 14–15.
- McNeill, A., Brose, L., Calder, R., Simonavicius, E., & Robson, D. (2021). Vaping in England: 2021 evidence update summary Public Health England. Retrieved 24 October 2021
- Nam, C. F. H., Aston, J. A. D., & Johansen, A. M. (2012). Quantifying the uncertainty in change points. Journal of Time Series Analysis, 33(5), 807–823. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9892.2011.00777.x
- Nasser, L. (2018). Exploring the Benefits of Google Trends. The next ad com. Retrieved 5 October from https://thenextad.io/blog/exploring-the-benefits-of-google-trends/
- Note, B. (2017). Vapes vs. E-cigarettes: What’s the Difference? Black Note Vape. Retrieved 4 January from https://www.blacknote.com/vapes-vs-e-cigarettes-whats-difference/
- Office for National Statistics. O. f. N. Statistics. (2020). Adult smoking habits in the UK: 2019. https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/healthandlifeexpectancies/bulletins/adultsmokinghabitsingreatbritain/2019#measuring-the-data
- Prevention, C. f. D. C. a. (2020). Outbreak of Lung Injury Associated with E-cigarette Use, or Vaping. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 4 January from https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/basic_information/e-cigarettes/severe-lung-disease.html#latest-outbreak-information
- Reeves, J., Chen, J., Wang, X. L., Lund, R., & Lu, Q. Q. (2007). A review and comparison of changepoint detection techniques for climate data. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 46(6), 900–915. https://doi.org/10.1175/JAM2493.1
- Rogers, S. (2016). What is Google Trends data—and what does it mean? Google News Lab. Retrieved 5 October 2021 from https://medium.com/google-news-lab/what-is-google-trends-data-and-what-does-it-mean-b48f07342ee8
- Schaffer, A. L., Dobbins, T. A., & Pearson, S.-A. (2021). Interrupted time series analysis using autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models: a guide for evaluating large-scale health interventions [OriginalPaper]. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 21(1), 58. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-021-01235-8
- Sulyok, M., Ferenci, T., & Walker, M. (2021). Google Trends Data and COVID-19 in Europe: Correlations and model enhancement are European wide. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 68(4), 2610–2615. https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.13887
- Team, R. (2020). RStudio:Integrated Development for R. RStudio. Retrieved 1 January from https://www.rstudio.com/
- Uysal, M. A., Niksarlioglu, Y., Carkoglu, A., Uysal, O., Kutluk, A. C., & Karadag, B. (2018). Digital epidemiology: Can Google trends give some information about electronic cigarette usage in Turkey? In: Eur Respiratory Soc. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2018.PA4545
- Wambui, G. D., Waititu, G. A., & Wanjoya, A. (2015). The power of the pruned exact linear time (PELT) test in multiple changepoint detection. Am. J. Theor. Appl. Stat, 4(6), 581–586.
- Weston, S., & Yee, D. (2017, 2017/02/28). Why You Should Become a UseR: A Brief Introduction to R. Psychscience. Retrieved 1 January from https://www.psychologicalscience.org/observer/why-you-should-become-a-user-a-brief-introduction-to-r
- Wiltz, J. L., Blanck, H. M., Lee, B., Kocot, S. L., Seeff, L., McGuire, L. C., & Collins, J. (2017). Peer Reviewed: Electronic Information Standards to Support Obesity Prevention and Bridge Services Across Systems, 2010–2015. Preventing Chronic Disease, 14, E103. https://doi.org/10.5888/pcd14.160299
- World Health Organisation. (2019). WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2019: Offer help to quit tobacco use. World Health Organization.