Concerning trends in allopathic medical school faculty rank for Indigenous people: 2014–2016

References

• Palepu A, Carr PL, Friedman RH, et al. Minority faculty and academic rank in medicine. JAMA. 1998;280(9):767–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang D, Moy E, Colburn L, et al. racial and ethnic disparities in faculty promotion in academic medicine. JAMA. 2000;284(9):1085–1092.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peterson NB, Friedman RH, Ash AS, et al. Faculty self-reported experience with racial and ethnic discrimination in academic medicine. JGIM. 2004;19(3):259–265.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palepu A, Friedman RH, Barnett RC, et al. Moskowitz MA Junior faculty members’ mentoring relationships and their professional development in U.S. medical schools. Acad Med. 1998;73(3):318–323.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Price EG, Gozu A, Kern DE, et al. The role of cultural diversity climate in recruitment, promotion, and retention of faculty in academic medicine. JGIM. 2005;20(7):565–571.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen JJ, Gabriel BA, Terrell C. The case for diversity in the health care workforce. Health Aff (Millwood). 2002;21(5):90–102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacob MM, Poole MJ, Gonzales K, et al. Exploring an American Indian participatory medical model. J Particip Med. 2015 May 30th; 7 [cited 2017 Dec 14]. https://participatorymedicine.org/journal/evidence/research/2015/05/30/exploring-an-american-indian-participatory-medical-model/
   Google Scholar
• Marcinko T. More Native American doctors needed to reduce health disparities in their communities. AAMC News Vol Divers Inclusion: Assoc Am India Phys. 2016 Nov 23 [cited 2017 Dec 14]. Available from: https://www.aaip.org/media/news/m.blog/76/more-native-american-doctors-needed-to-reduce-health-disparities-in-their-communities
   Google Scholar
• Bowman RC. They really do go. Rural Rem Health. 2008;8(3):1035.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Northwest Portland Area Indian Health Board. American Indian & Alaska Native community health profile – Oregon, Washington, Idaho. Portland, OR: Northwest Tribal Epidemiology Center; 2014.
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Census Bureau. 2000 and 2010 census profile: Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro MSA. Popul Res Cent. 2010;3. Available from: https://www.pdx.edu/sites/www.pdx.edu.prc/files/2010_PL94_MSA.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Kunitz SJ. Changing patterns of mortality among American Indians. AJPH. 2008;98:404–411.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Unequal Treatment. Confronting racial and ethnic disparities in health care. Washington, DC: Institute of Medicine of the National Academy Press; 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Gonzales KL, Noonan C, Goins RT, et al. Assessing the everyday discrimination scale among American Indian and Alaska Natives. Psychol Assess. 2016;28(1):51–58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzales KL, Harding AK, Lambert WE, et al. Perceived experiences of discrimination in health care: a barrier for cancer screening among American Indian women with type 2 diabetes. Women Health Issues. 2013;23(1):e61–e67.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzales KL, Lambert WE, Fu R, et al. Perceived racial discrimination in health care, completion of standard diabetes services, and diabetes control among a sample of American Indian women. Diabetes Educ. 2014;40(6):747–755.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzales KL, Garcia GE, Jacob MM, et al. Patient-provider relationship and perceived provider weight bias among American Indians and Alaska Natives. Obes Sci Pract. 2017. DOI:10.1002/osp4.135
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Association of American Medical Colleges Data Warehouse, Applicant and matriculant master file [cited 2017 Dec 12]. Available from: http://www.aamcdiversityfactsandfigures2016.org/report-section/section-5/medical-schools/
   Google Scholar
• Martina Kamaka MD. Associate Professor, University of Hawaii, John A. Personal Communication. Honolulu, HI: Burns School of Medicine, 2017 Sep 12.
   Google Scholar
• Association of American Medical Colleges definition of under-represented in medicine [cited 2017 Nov 16]. Available from: https://www.aamc.org/initiatives/urm/
   Google Scholar
• AAMC. Striving toward excellence: faculty diversity in medical education; 2009 [cited 2017 Nov 16]. Available from: https://members.aamc.org/eweb/upload/Striving%20Towards%20Excellect%20Faculty%20Diversity%20in%20Med%20Ed.pdf
   Google Scholar
• AAMC. An overview of women full-time medical school faculty. Analysis in Brief. 2016;16(4). Available from: https://www.aamc.org/download/460728/data/may2016anoverviewofwomenfull-timemedicalschoolfacultyofcolor.pdf
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Census Bureau. Population estimates; 2016 [cited 2017 Sep 11]. Available from: https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/US/PST045216
   Google Scholar
• Association of American Medical Colleges. Diversity in the physician workforce: facts & figures; 2014 [cited 2018 Apr 25]. Available from: www.aamcdiversityfactsandfigures.org
   Google Scholar
• The National Science Foundation. National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics [cited 2018 Apr 25]. Available from: www.nsf.gov/statistics
   Google Scholar
• Sambunjak D, Straus SE, Marusic A. A systematic review of qualitative research on the meaning and characteristics of mentoring in academic medicine. J Gen Intern Med. 2010;25(1):72–78.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bucklin BA, Valley M, Welch C, et al. Predictors of early faculty attrition at one academic medical center. BMC Med Educ. 2014;14:27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowenstein SR, Fernandez G, Crane LA. Medical school faculty discontent: prevalence and predictors of intent to leave academic careers. BMC Med Educ. 2007;7:37.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pololi LH, Civian JT, Brennan RT, et al. Experiencing the culture of academic medicine: gender matters. A national study. JGIM. 2013;28(2):201–207.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Association of Medical Colleges. Distribution of U.S. medical school faculty by sex and race/ethnicity [cited 2017 Dec 14]. Available from: https://www.aamc.org/download/453426/data/15table8.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National diabetes statistics report, 2017. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services; 2017 [cited 2017 Apr 12].
   Google Scholar
• Galinsky AM, Zelaya CE, Barnes PM, et al. Selected health conditions among Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander adults: USA, 2014. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2017 [cited 2017 Apr 12]. NCHS data brief, no 277. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db277.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Huakai K, Native Hawaiian educational assessment. p. 23–25. 2014 [cited 2017 Apr 12]. http://www.ksbe.edu/_assets/spi/pdfs/kh/Ka_Huakai_2014.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Hawaii State Department of Health. Hawaii health data warehouse, indicator-based information system for public health [cited 2017 Apr 12]. Available from: http://ibis.hhdw.org/ibisph-view
   Google Scholar
• Aluli NE, Reyes PW, Tsark JU. Cardiovascular disease disparities in Native Hawaiians. J Cardiometab Syndr. 2007;2(4):250–253.
   Google Scholar
• Hawaii Tumor Registry. 2016. Hawaii cancer at a glance, 2009–2013 [cited 2017 Apr 12] Available from: www.uhcancercenter.org/images/pdf/HTR_cancer_booklet.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Wu Y, Braun K, Onaka AT, et al. Life expectancies in Hawaii: a multi-ethnic analysis of 2010 life tables. Hawaii J Med Public Health. 2017 Jan;76(1):9–14.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hollow WB, Patterson DG, Olsen PM, et al. American Indians and. Alaska natives: how do they find their path to medical school? Acad Med. 2006;81(10 Suppl):S65–S69.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Association of American Medical Colleges. Current Trends in Medical Education [cited 2018 Apr 25]. Available from: http://aamcdiversityfactsandfigures2016.org/report-section/section-3/#figure-17
   Google Scholar
• Sanchez JP, Poll-Hunter N, Stern N, et al. Balancing two cultures: American Indian/Alaska Native Medical students’ perceptions of academic medicine careers. J Community Health. 2016;41(4):871–880.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez JE, Campbell KM, Pololi LH. Addressing disparities in academic medicine: what of the minority tax? BMC Med Educ. 2015;15:6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warne D. Policy challenges in American Indian/Alaska Native health professions education. J Interprof Care. 2007;21(Suppl 2):11–19.
   Google Scholar