Probabilistic Cues to Grammatical Category in English Orthography and Their Influence During Reading

REFERENCES

• Albrow , K. 1972 . The English writing system: Notes towards a description. , London : Longman .
   Google Scholar
• Arciuli , J. and Cupples , L. 2003 . Effects of stress typicality during speeded grammatical classification. . Language and Speech , 46 ( 4 ) : 353 – 374 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arciuli , J. and Cupples , L. 2004 . The effects of stress typicality during spoken word recognition by native and non-native speakers: Evidence from onset-gating. . Memory and Cognition , 32 ( 1 ) : 21 – 30 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arciuli , J. and Cupples , L. 2006 . The processing of lexical stress during visual word recognition: Typicality effects and orthographic correlates. . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 59 : 920 – 948 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arciuli , J. and Cupples , L. 2007 . “ Would you rather “embert a cudsert” or “cudsert an embert”? How spelling patterns at the beginning of English disyllables can cue grammatical category. ” . In Mental States: Volume 2. Language and Cognitive Structure , Edited by: Schalley , A. and Khlentzos , D. 213 – 237 . Amsterdam, The Netherlands : John Benjamins Publishing .
   Google Scholar
• Arciuli , J. and Slowiaczek , L. 2007 . The where and when of linguistic word level prosody. . Neuropsychologia , 45 : 2638 – 2642 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baayen , R. H. , Pipenbrock , R. and Gulikers , L. 1995 . The CELEX Lexical Database (CD-ROM). , Philadelphia : Linguistic Data Consortium, University of Pennsylvania .
   Google Scholar
• Baker , M. C. 2001 . The atoms of language: The mind's hidden rules of grammar. , New York : Basic Books .
   Google Scholar
• Braine , M. D. S. 1992 . What sort of innate structure is needed to “bootstrap” into syntax? . Cognition , 45 ( 1 ) : 77 – 100 .
   Google Scholar
• Butterworth , B. 1983 . “ Lexical representation. ” . In Language production , Edited by: Butterworth , B. Vol. 2 , 257 – 294 . London : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Cassidy , K. and Kelly , M. 1991 . Phonological information for grammatical category assignments. . Journal of Memory and Language , 30 ( 3 ) : 348 – 369 .
   Google Scholar
• Cassidy , K. and Kelly , M. 2001 . Children's use of phonology to infer grammatical class in vocabulary learning. . Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Journal , 8 ( 3 ) : 519 – 523 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cassidy , K. , Kelly , M. and Sharoni , L. 1999 . Inferring gender from name phonology. . Journal of Experimental Psychology; General , 128 : 1 – 20 .
   Google Scholar
• Cole , P. , Segui , J. and Taft , M. 1997 . Words and morphemes as units for lexical access. . Journal of Memory and Language , 37 : 312 – 330 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coltheart , M. , Rastle , K. , Perry , C. , Langdon , R. and Ziegler , J. 2001 . DRC: Dual route cascaded model of visual word recognition and reading aloud. . Psychological Review , 108 : 204 – 256 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cutler , A. , Hawkins , J. A. and Gilligan , G. 1985 . The suffixing preference: A processing explanation. . Linguistics , 23 : 723 – 758 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cutler , A. , McQueen , J. and Robinson , K. 1990 . Elizabeth and John: Sound patterns of men's and women's names. . Journal of Linguistics , 26 : 471 – 482 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis , S. M. and Kelly , M. 1997 . Knowledge of the English noun-verb stress difference by native and nonnative speakers. . Journal of Memory and Language , 36 ( 3 ) : 445 – 460 .
   Google Scholar
• Durieux , G. and Gillis , S. 2001 . “ Predicting grammatical classes from phonological cues: An empirical test. ” . In Approaches to bootstrapping: Phonological, lexical, syntactic and neurophysiological aspects of early language acquisition , Edited by: Weissenborn , J. and Höhle , B. Vol. 1 , 189 – 229 . Amsterdam : John Benjamins .
   Google Scholar
• Farmer , T. A. , Christiansen , M. H. and Monaghan , P. 2006 . Phonological typicality influences lexical processing. . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , 103 : 12203 – 12208 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folk , J. and Morris , R. 2003 . Effects of syntactic category assignment on lexical ambiguity resolution in reading: An eye movement analysis. . Memory & Cognition , 31 ( 1 ) : 87 – 99 .
   Google Scholar
• Fudge , E. 1984 . English word stress. , London : Allen & Unwin .
   Google Scholar
• Gasser , M. , Sethuraman , N. and Hockema , S. 2005 . “ Iconicity in expressives: An empirical investigation. ” . In Experimental and empirical methods , Edited by: Rice , S. and Newman , J. 1 – 18 . Stanford, CA : CSLI Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Gerken , L. , Wilson , R. and Lewis , W. 2005 . Infants can use distributional cues to form syntactic categories. . Journal of Child Language , 32 : 249 – 268 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harm , M. W. and Seidenberg , M. S. 2004 . Computing the meaning of words in reading: Cooperative division of labor between visual and phonological processes. . Psychological Review , 111 : 662 – 720 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawkins , J. A. and Cutler , A. 1988 . “ Psycholinguistic factors in morphological asymmetry. ” . In Explaining language universals , Edited by: Hawkins , J. A. 280 – 317 . Oxford : Blackwell .
   Google Scholar
• Jared , D. and Seidenberg , M. S. 1990 . Naming multisyllabic words. . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , 16 : 92 – 105 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kacinik , N. and Chiarello , C. 2002 . “ Predicting noun and verb latencies: Influential variables and task effects. ” . In Proceedings of the 24th Cognitive Science Society Conference , Edited by: Gray , W. and Schunn , C. 524 – 529 . Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Kelly , M. 1992 . Using sound to solve syntactic problems: The role of phonology in grammatical category assignments. . Psychological Review , 99 : 349 – 364 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly , M. 2004 . Word onset patterns and lexical stress in English. . Journal of Memory and Language , 50 : 231 – 244 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessler , B. and Treiman , R. 2003 . Is English spelling chaotic? Misconceptions concerning its irregularity. . Reading Psychology , 24 : 267 – 289 .
   Google Scholar
• Marslen-Wilson , W. , Tyler , L. , Waksler , R. and Older , L. 1994 . Morphology and meaning in the mental lexicon. . Psychological Review , 101 ( 1 ) : 3 – 33 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masson , M. and Loftus , G. 2003 . Using confidence intervals for graphically based data interpretation. . Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology , 57 : 203 – 220 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monaghan , P. , Chater , N. and Christiansen , M. H. 2005 . The differential contribution of phonological and distributional cues in grammatical categorization. . Cognition , 96 : 143 – 182 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monaghan , P. , Christiansen , M. H. and Chater , N. 2007 . The Phonological-Distributional Coherence Hypothesis: Cross-linguistic evidence in language acquisition. . Cognitive Psychology , 55 : 259 – 305 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan , J. L. and Demuth , K. 1996 . Signal to syntax: Bootstrapping from speech to grammar in early acquisition. , Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Morgan , J. L. , Meier , R. P. and Newport , E. L. 1987 . Structural packaging in the input to language learning: Contributions of prosodic and morphological marking of phrases to the acquisition of language. . Cognitive Psychology , 19 : 498 – 550 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newport , E. L. and Aslin , R. N. 2004 . Learning at a distance I. Statistical learning of nonadjacent dependencies. . Cognitive Psychology , 48 : 127 – 162 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Onnis , L. , Monaghan , P. , Richmond , K. and Chater , N. 2005 . Phonology impacts segmentation in speech processing. . Journal of Memory and Language , 53 : 225 – 237 .
   Google Scholar
• Perry , C. , Ziegler , J. C. and Zorzi , M. 2007 . Nested incremental modeling in the development of computational theories: The CDP+ model of reading aloud. . Psychological Review , 114 : 273 – 315 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinker , S. 1984 . Language learnability and language development. , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Pinker , S. 1987 . “ The bootstrapping problem in language acquisition. ” . In Mechanisms of language acquisition , Edited by: MacWhinney , B. 399 – 441 . Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Plaut , D. , McClelland , J. , Seidenberg , M. and Patterson , K. 1996 . Understanding normal and impaired word reading: Computational principles in quasi-regular domains. . Psychological Review , 103 : 56 – 115 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raaijmakers , J. , Schrijnemakers , J. and Gremmen , F. 1999 . How to deal with “The Language-as-Fixed-Effect Fallacy”: Common misconceptions and alternative solutions. . Journal of Memory and Language , 41 : 416 – 426 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schneider , W. , Eschman , A. and Zuccolotto , A. 2002 . E-prime reference guide. , Pittsburgh, PA : Psychology Software Tools .
   Google Scholar
• Schreuder , R. and Baayen , R. H. 1997 . How complex simplex words can be. . Journal of Memory and Language , 37 : 118 – 139 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sereno , J. A. and Jongman , A. 1990 . Phonological and form class relations in the lexicon. . Journal of Psycholinguistic Research , 19 : 387 – 404 .
   Google Scholar
• Shi , R. , Morgan , J. and Allopenna , P. 1998 . Phonological and acoustic bases for earliest grammatical category assignment: A cross-linguistic perspective. . Journal of Child Language , 25 : 169 – 201 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , P. , Baker , R. and Groat , A. 1982 . Spelling as a source of information about children's linguistic knowledge. . British Journal of Psychology , 73 : 339 – 350 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taft , M. and Forster , K. 1975 . Lexical storage and retrieval of prefixed words. . Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behaviour , 14 : 638 – 647 .
   Google Scholar
• Vannest , J. and Boland , J. 1999 . Lexical morphology and lexical access. . Brain and Language , 68 : 324 – 332 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar