17,913
Views
41
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

A Longitudinal Study of Early Reading Development: Letter-Sound Knowledge, Phoneme Awareness and RAN, but Not Letter-Sound Integration, Predict Variations in Reading Development

, ORCID Icon, , &
Pages 91-107 | Received 23 May 2018, Accepted 19 May 2019, Published online: 08 Jun 2019

References

  • Allor, J. H. (2002). The relationship of phonemic awareness and rapid naming to reading development. Learning Disability Quarterly, 25, 47–57. doi:10.2307/1511190
  • Araújo, S., Reis, A., Petersson, K. M., & Faísca, L. (2015). Rapid automatized naming and reading performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Educational Psychology, 107(3), 868. doi:10.1037/edu0000006
  • Bakos, S., Landerl, K., Bartling, J., Schulte-Körne, G., & Moll, K. (2017). Deficits in letter-speech sound associations but intact visual conflict processing in dyslexia: Results from a novel ERP-paradigm. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 11, 116. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2017.00116
  • Blau, V., Reithler, J., van Atteveldt, N., Seitz, J., Gerretsen, P., Goebel, R., & Blomert, L. (2010). Deviant processing of letters and speech sounds as proximate cause of reading failure: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of dyslexic children. Brain, 133(3), 868–879. doi:10.1093/brain/awp308
  • Blau, V., van Atteveldt, N., Ekkebus, M., Goebel, R., & Blomert, L. (2009). Reduced neural integration of letters and speech sounds links phonological and reading deficits in adult dyslexia. Current Biology, 19(6), 503–508. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2009.01.065
  • Blomert, L. (2011). The neural signature of orthographic–Phonological binding in successful and failing reading development. Neuroimage, 57(3), 695–703. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.11.003
  • Blomert, L., & Froyen, D. (2010). Multi-sensory learning and learning to read. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 77(3), 195–204. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2010.06.025
  • Bowey, J. A. (2005). Predicting individual differences in learning to read. In M. J. Snowling & C. Hulme (Eds.), The science of reading: A handbook (pp. 155–172). Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
  • Bowyer‐Crane, C., Snowling, M. J., Duff, F. J., Fieldsend, E., Carroll, J. M., Miles, J., … Hulme, C. (2008). Improving early language and literacy skills: Differential effects of an oral language versus a phonology with reading intervention. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49(4), 422–432. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01849.x
  • Burgess, S. R., & Lonigan, C. J. (1998). Bidirectional relations of phonological sensitivity and prereading abilities: Evidence from a preschool sample. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 70(2), 117–141. doi:10.1006/jecp.1998.2450
  • Byrne, B., & Fielding-Barnsley, R. (1989). Phonemic awareness and letter knowledge in the child’s acquisition of the alphabetic principle. Journal of Educational Psychology, 81(3), 313. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.81.3.313
  • Byrne, B., & Fielding-Barnsley, R. (1990). Acquiring the alphabetic principle: A case for teaching recognition of phoneme identity. Journal of Educational Psychology, 82(4), 805. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.82.4.805
  • Castles, A., & Coltheart, M. (2004). Is there a causal link from phonological awareness to success in learning to read? Cognition, 91(1), 77–111.
  • Clayton, F. J., & Hulme, C. (2018). Automatic activation of sounds by letters occurs early in development but is not impaired in children with dyslexia. Scientific Studies of Reading, 22(2), 137–151. doi:10.1080/10888438.2017.1390754
  • Compton, D. (2003). Modeling the relationship between growth in rapid naming speed and growth in decoding skill in first-grade children. Journal of Educational Psychology, 95, 225–239. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.95.2.225
  • Fletcher, J. M. (2009). Dyslexia: The evolution of a scientific concept. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 15(4), 501–508. doi:10.1017/S1355617709090900
  • Fox, B., & Routh, D. K. (1984). Phonemic analysis and synthesis as word attack skills: Revisited. Journal of Educational Psychology, 76(6), 1059–1064. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.76.6.1059
  • Froyen, D. J., Bonte, M. L., van Atteveldt, N., & Blomert, L. (2009). The long road to automation: Neurocognitive development of letter–Speech sound processing. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 21(3), 567–580. doi:10.1162/jocn.2009.21061
  • Froyen, D. J., Willems, G., & Blomert, L. (2011). Evidence for a specific cross‐modal association deficit in dyslexia: An electrophysiological study of letter–Speech sound processing. Developmental Science, 14(4), 635–648. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2010.01007.x
  • Hatcher, P. J., Hulme, C., Miles, J. N., Carroll, J. M., Hatcher, J., Gibbs, S., … Snowling, M. J. (2006). Efficacy of small group reading intervention for beginning readers with reading‐delay: A randomised controlled trial. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47(8), 820–827. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01559.x
  • Hatcher, P. J., Hulme, C., & Snowling, M. J. (2004). Explicit phoneme training combined with phonic reading instruction helps young children at risk of reading failure. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45(2), 338–358.
  • Hogan, T. P., Catts, H. W., & Little, T. D. (2005). The relationship between phonological awareness and reading: Implications for the assessment of phonological awareness. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 36(4), 285–293.
  • Hulme, C., Bowyer-Crane, C., Carroll, J. M., Duff, F. J., & Snowling, M. J. (2012). The causal role of phoneme awareness and letter-sound knowledge in learning to read: Combining intervention studies with mediation analyses. Psychological Science, 23(6), 572–577. doi:10.1177/0956797611435921
  • Hulme, C., Muter, V., & Snowling, M. J. (1998). Segmentation does predict early progress in learning to read better than rhyme: A reply to Bryant. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 71, 39–44. doi:10.1006/jecp.1998.2456
  • Hulme, C., Nash, H. M., Gooch, D., Lervåg, A., & Snowling, M. J. (2015). The foundations of literacy development in children at familial risk of dyslexia. Psychological Science, 26(12), 1877–1886. doi:10.1177/0956797615603702
  • Hulme, C., Snowling, M., Caravolas, M., & Carroll, J. (2005). Phonological skills are (probably) one cause of success in learning to read: A comment on castles and coltheart. Scientific Studies of Reading, 9(4), 351–365. doi:10.1207/s1532799xssr0904_2
  • Hulme, C., & Snowling, M. J. (2009). Developmental disorders of language learning and cognition. New Jersey, US: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Hulme, C., & Snowling, M. J. (2013). Learning to read: What we know and what we need to understand better. Child Development Perspectives, 7(1), 1–5. doi:10.1111/cdep.12005
  • Hulme, C., & Snowling, M. J. (2014). The interface between spoken and written language: Developmental disorders. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 369(1634), 20120395. doi:10.1098/rstb.2012.0395
  • Hulme, C., Stothard, S. E., Clarke, P., Bowyer-Crane, C., Harrington, A., Truelove, E., & Snowling, M. J. (2009). YARC York Assessment of Reading for Comprehension: Early reading. London, UK: GL Publishers.
  • Jones, M. W., Ashby, J., & Branigan, H. P. (2013). Dyslexia and fluency: Parafoveal and foveal influences on rapid automatized naming. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 39(2), 554.
  • Jones, M. W., Kuipers, J. R., & Thierry, G. (2016). ERPs reveal the time-course of aberrant visual-phonological binding in developmental dyslexia. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 10, 71. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2016.00071
  • Karipidis, I., Pleisch, G., Röthlisberger, M., Hofstetter, C., Dornbierer, D., Stämpfli, P., & Brem, S. (2017). Neural initialization of audiovisual integration in prereaders at varying risk for developmental dyslexia. Human Brain Mapping, 38(2), 1038–1055. doi:10.1002/hbm.23437
  • Kirby, J., Georgiou, G., Martinussen, R., & Parrila, R. (2010). Naming speed and reading: From prediction to instruction. Reading Research Quarterly, 45, 341–362. doi:10.1598/RRQ.45.3.4
  • Kronschnabel, J., Brem, S., Maurer, U., & Brandeis, D. (2014). The level of audiovisual print–Speech integration deficits in dyslexia. Neuropsychologia, 62, 245–261. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.07.024
  • Landerl, K. H., Freudenthaler, H., Heene, M., De Jong, P. F., Desrochers, A., Manolitsis, G., … Georgiou, G. K. (2018). Phonological awareness and rapid automatized naming as longitudinal predictors of reading in five alphabetic orthographies with varying degrees of consistency. Scientific Studies of Reading, 23(3), 220–234. doi:10.1080/10888438.2018.1510936
  • Law, J. M., De Vos, A., Vanderauwera, J., Wouters, J., Ghesquière, P., & Vandermosten, M. (2018). Grapheme-phoneme learning in an unknown orthography: A study in typical reading and dyslexic children. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1393. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01393
  • Lervåg, A., Bråten, I., & Hulme, C. (2009). The cognitive and linguistic foundations of early reading development: A Norwegian latent variable longitudinal study. Developmental Psychology, 45, 764–781. doi:10.1037/a0014132
  • Lervåg, A., & Hulme, C. (2009). Rapid Automatized Naming (RAN) taps a mechanism that places constraints on the development of early reading fluency. Psychological Science, 20, 1040–1048. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02405.x
  • Melby-Lervåg, M., Lyster, S. A. H., & Hulme, C. (2012). Phonological skills and their role in learning to read: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 138(2), 322. doi:10.1037/a0026744
  • Moll, K., Hasko, S., Groth, K., Bartling, J., & Schulte-Körne, G. (2016). Letter-sound processing deficits in children with developmental dyslexia: An ERP study. Clinical Neurophysiology: Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology, 127(4), 1989–2000. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2016.01.005
  • Morey, R. D. (2008). Confidence intervals from normalized data: A correction to cousineau (2005). Reason, 4(2), 61–64.
  • Muter, V., Hulme, C., Snowling, M. J., & Stevenson, J. (2004). Phonemes, rimes, vocabulary, and grammatical skills as foundations of early reading development: Evidence from a longitudinal study. Developmental Psychology, 40(5), 665. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.40.5.665
  • Nash, H. M., Gooch, D., Hulme, C., Mahajan, Y., McArthur, G., Steinmetzger, K., & Snowling, M. J. (2017). Are the literacy difficulties that characterize developmental dyslexia associated with a failure to integrate letters and speech sounds? Developmental Science, 20(4). doi:10.1111/desc.12423
  • Perfetti, C. A., Beck, I., Bell, L. C., & Hughes, C. (1987). Phonemic knowledge and learning to read are reciprocal: A longitudinal study of first grade children. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 33(3), 283–319.
  • Peterson, R. L., Arnett, A. B., Pennington, B. F., Byrne, B., Samuelsson, S., & Olson, R. K. (2017). Literacy acquisition influences children’s rapid automatized naming. Developmental Science, 21(3), 1–9.
  • Peterson, R. L., & Pennington, B. F. (2015). Developmental dyslexia. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 11(1), 283–307. doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032814-112842
  • Protopapas, A., Altani, A., & Georgiou, G. K. (2013). Development of serial processing in reading and rapid naming. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 116(4), 914–929. doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2013.08.004
  • Roth, F. P., Speece, D. L., & Cooper, D. H. (2002). A longitudinal analysis of the connection between oral language and early reading. The Journal of Educational Research, 95(5), 259–272. doi:10.1080/00220670209596600
  • Schatschneider, C., Fletcher, J. M., Francis, D. J., Carlson, C. D., & Foorman, B. R. (2004). Kindergarten prediction of reading skills: A longitudinal comparative analysis. Journal of Educational Psychology, 96(2), 265. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.96.2.265
  • Selst, M. V., & Jolicoeur, P. (1994). A solution to the effect of sample size on outlier elimination. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 47(3), 631–650. doi:10.1080/14640749408401131
  • Taylor, J. S. H., Plunkett, K., & Nation, K. (2011). The influence of consistency, frequency, and semantics on learning to read: An artificial orthography paradigm. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 37(1), 60. doi:10.1037/a0023820
  • Torgesen, J. K., Alexander, A. W., Wagner, R. K., Rashotte, C. A., Voeller, K. K., & Conway, T. (2001). Intensive remedial instruction for children with severe reading disabilities: Immediate and long-term outcomes from two instructional approaches. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 34(1), 33–58. doi:10.1177/002221940103400104
  • Torgesen, J. K., Wagner, R. K., Rashotte, C. A., Rose, E., Lindamood, P., Conway, T., & Garvan, C. (1999). Preventing reading failure in young children with phonological processing disabilities: Group and individual responses to instruction. Journal of Educational Psychology, 91(4), 579. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.91.4.579
  • Treiman, R., & Baron, J. (1983). Phonemic-analysis training helps children benefit from spelling-sound rules. Memory & Cognition, 11(4), 382–389. doi:10.3758/BF03202453
  • van Atteveldt, N., & Ansari, D. (2014). How symbols transform brain function: A review in memory of Leo Blomert. Trends in Neuroscience and Education, 3(2), 44–49. doi:10.1016/j.tine.2014.04.001
  • Verhagen, W., Aarnoutse, C., & Van Leeuwe, J. (2008). Phonological awareness and naming speed in the prediction of Dutch children’s word recognition. Scientific Studies of Reading, 12(4), 301–324. doi:10.1080/10888430802132030
  • Wagner, R. K., Torgesen, J. K., & Rashotte, C. A. (1999). Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing (CTOPP). Austin, Texas: Pro-Ed.
  • Wolf, M., & Bowers, P. G. (1999). The double-deficit hypothesis for the developmental dyslexias. Journal of Educational Psychology, 91(3), 415. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.91.3.415
  • Wolff, U. (2014). RAN as a predictor of reading skills, and vice versa: Results from a randomised reading intervention. Annals of Dyslexia, 64(2), 151–165. doi:10.1007/s11881-014-0091-6
  • Žarić, G., González, G. F., Tijms, J., van der Molen, M. W., Blomert, L., & Bonte, M. (2014). Reduced neural integration of letters and speech sounds in dyslexic children scales with individual differences in reading fluency. PLoS One, 9(10), 1–14. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0110337