Exposure to Neighborhood Affluence and Poverty in Childhood and Adolescence and Academic Achievement and Behavior

REFERENCES

• Achenbach , T. M. ( 1991a ). Manual for the child behavior checklist/4–18 . Burlington , VT : University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry .
   Google Scholar
• Achenbach , T. M. ( 1991b ). Manual for the youth self-report and 1991 profile . Burlington , VT : University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry .
   Google Scholar
• Anderson , S. , Leventhal , T. , & Dupéré , V. ( 2014 ). Residential mobility and the family context: A developmental approach . Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology , 35 ( 2 ), 70 – 78 . doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2013.11.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyle , M. H. , Georgiades , K. , Racine , Y. , & Mustard , C. ( 2007 ). Neighborhood and family influences on educational attainment: Results from the Ontario Child Health Study Follow-up 2001 . Child Development , 78 , 169 – 189 .
   Google Scholar
• Bradley , R. H. , & Corwyn , R. F. ( 2002 ). Socioeconomic status and child development. [Review] . Annual Review of Psychology , 53 , 371 – 399 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bronfenbrenner , U. , & Morris , P. A. ( 2006 ). The bioecological model of human development . In W. Damon , & R. M. Lerner (Eds.), Handbook of Child Psychology ( , 6 ed. , Vol. 1 , pp. 793 – 828 ). New York , NY : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Brooks Gunn , J. , & Duncan , G. J. ( 1997 ). The effects of poverty on children . Future of Children , 7 ( 2 ), 55 – 71 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooks Gunn , J. , Duncan , G. J. , & Maritato , N. ( 1997 ). Poor families, poor outcomes: The well being of children and youth . In G. D. J. Brooks Gunn (Ed.), Consequences of growing up poor (pp. 1 – 17 ). New York , NY : Russell Sage Foundation .
   Google Scholar
• Brown , B. B. , & Larson , J. ( 2009 ). Peer relationships in adolescence . In R. M. Lerner , & L. Steinberg (Eds.), Handbook of adolescent psychology ( Vol. 2 , pp. 74 – 103 ). Hoboken , NJ : John Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Carnegie Corporation . ( 1994 ). Starting points: Meeting the needs of our youngest children . New York , NY : Author .
   Google Scholar
• Caspi , A. , Taylor , A. , Moffitt , T. E. , & Plomin , R. ( 2000 ). Neighborhood deprivation affects children's mental health: Environmental risk identified in a genetic design . Psychological Science , 11 ( 4 ), 338 – 342 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen , J. ( 1988 ). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences () , 2nd ed. . Hillsdale , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Costa , P. T. , & McCrae , R. R. ( 1985 ). The NEO personality inventory manual . Odessa , FL : Psychological Assessment Resources .
   Google Scholar
• Criss , M. M. , Shaw , D. S. , Moilanen , K. L. , Hitchings , J. E. , & Ingoldsby , E. M. ( 2009 ). Family, neighborhood, and peer characteristics as predictors of child adjustment: A longitudinal analysis of additive and mediation models . Social Development , 18 ( 3 ), 511 – 535 . doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9507.2008.00520.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crosnoe , R. , Leventhal , T. , Wirth , R. J. , Kim , M. P. , & Pianta , R. C. ( 2010 ). Family socioeconomic status and consistent environmental stimulation in early childhood . Child Development , 81 ( 3 ), 972 – 987 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crowder , K. , & South , S. J. ( 2011 ). Spatial and temporal dimensions of neighborhood effects on high school graduation . Social Science Research , 40 , 87 – 106 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dearing , E. , McCartney , K. , & Taylor , B. A. ( 2009 ). Does high quality early child care promote low-income children's math and reading achievement in middle childhood? Child Development , 80 , 1329 – 1349 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dodge , K. A. , Coie , J. D. , & Lynam , D. ( 2007 ). Aggression and antisocial behavior in youth . In W. Damon & R. M. Lerner (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology (pp. 719 – 788 ). Hoboken , NJ : John Wiley & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Duncan , G. J. , & Aber , J. L. ( 1997 ). Neighborhood models and measures . In J. Brooks Gunn , G. J. Duncan & J. L. Aber (Eds.), Neighborhood Poverty: Contexts and Consequences for Children (pp. 62 – 78 ). New York , NY : Russel Sage Foundation .
   Google Scholar
• Duncan , G. J. , & Brooks-Gunn , J. ( 1997 ). Income effects across the life span: Integration and interpretation . In G. J. Duncan & J. Brooks-Gunn (Eds.), Consequences of growing up poor (pp. 596 – 610 ). New York , NY : Russell Sage Foundation Press .
   Google Scholar
• Duncan , G. J. , & Magnusson , K. ( 2011 ). The nature and impact of early achievement skills, attention skills, and behavior problems . In G. J. Duncan , & R. M. Murnane (Eds.), Whither Opportunity? (pp. 47 – 69 ). New York , NY : Russel Sage Foundation .
   Google Scholar
• Duncan , G. J. , Ziol-Guest , K. M. , & Kalil , A. ( 2010 ). Early-childhood poverty and adult attainment, behavior, and health . Child Development , 81 ( 1 ), 306 – 325 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunn , L. M. , & Dunn , L. M. ( 1981 ). Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised . Circle Pines , MN : American Guidance Service, Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Dupéré , V. , Lacourse , É. , Willms , J. D. , Leventhal , T. , & Tremblay , R. E. ( 2008 ). Neighborhood poverty and early transition to sexual activity in young adolescents: a developmental ecological approach . Child Development , 79 , 1463 – 1476 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dupéré , V. , Leventhal , T. , Crosnoe , R. , & Dion , É. ( 2010 ). Understanding the positive role of neighborhood socioeconomic advantage in achievement: The contribution of the home, child care and school environments . Developmental Psychology , 46 , 1227 – 1244 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eccles , J. S. (1999). The development of children ages 6 to 14. Future of Children , 9, 30–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elder , G. H. ( 1995 ). The life course paradigm: Social change and individual development. In P. Moen, G. H. Elder, & K. Luscher (Eds.), Examining lives in context: Perspectives on the ecology of human development (pp. 101–139). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Evans , G. W. , & Schamberg , M. A. ( 2009 ). Childhood poverty, chronic stress, and adult working memory . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , 106 ( 16 ), 6545 – 6549 . doi: 10.1073/pnas.0811910106
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foster , E. M. , & McLanahan , S. ( 1996 ). An illustration of the use of instrumental variables: Do neighborhood conditions affect a young person's chance of finishing high school? Psychological Methods , 1 ( 3 ), 249 – 260 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graber , J. A. , & Brooks-Gunn , J. ( 1996 ). Transitions and turning points: Navigating the passage from childhood through adolescence . Developmental Psychology , 32 ( 4 ), 768 – 776 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo , G. ( 1998 ). The timing of the influences of cumulative poverty on children's cognitive ability and achievement . Social Forces , 77 ( 1 ), 257 – 287 . doi: 10.1093/sf/77.1.257
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harding , D. J. ( 2003 ). Counterfactual models of neighborhood effects: The effects of neighborhood poverty on dropping out and teenage pregnancy . American Journal of Sociology , 109 ( 3 ), 676 – 719 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heckman , J. J. ( 2008 ). Schools, skills, and synapses. [Article] . Economic Inquiry , 46 ( 3 ), 289 – 324 . doi: 10.1111/j.1465-7295.2008.00163.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu , L.-T. , & Bentler , P. M. ( 1999 ). Cutoff criteria for fit indices in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives . Structural Equation Modeling , 6 , 1 – 55 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jencks , C. , & Mayer , S. ( 1990 ). The social consequences of growing up in a poor neighborhood . In L. Lynn & M. McGeary (Eds.), Inner-city poverty in the United States (pp. 111 – 186 .). Washington , DC : National Academy Press .
   Google Scholar
• Johnson , M. K. , Crosnoe , R. , & Elder , G. H. ( 2011 ). Insights on adolescence from a life course perspective . Journal of Research on Adolescence , 21 ( 1 ), 273 – 280 . doi: 10.1111/j.1532-7795.2010.00728.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jung , T. , & Wickrama , K. A. S. ( 2007 ). An introduction to latent class growth analysis and growth mixture modeling . Social and Personality Psychology Compass , 2/1 , 302 – 317 .
   Google Scholar
• Kan , K. ( 1999 ). Expected and unexpected residential mobility . Journal of Urban Economics , 45 ( 1 ), 72 – 96 . doi: 10.1006/juec.1998.2082
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiff , C. J. , Cortes , R. C. , Lengua , L. J. , Kosterman , R. , Hawkins , J. D. , & Mason , W. A. ( 2012 ). Effects of timing of adversity on adolescent and young adult adjustment . Journal of Research on Adolescence , 22 ( 2 ), 284 – 300 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kohen , D. , Brooks-Gunn , J. , Leventhal , T. , & Hertzman , C. ( 2002 ). Neighborhood income and physical and social disorder in Canada: Associations with young children's competencies . Child Development , 73 ( 6 ) (6) , 1844 – 1860 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lerner , R. M. ( 2006 ). Developmental science, developmental systems, and contemporary theories of human development . In R. M. Lerner (Ed.), Handbook of Child Psychology ( , 6 ed. , Vol. 1 , pp. 1 – 17 ). Hoboken , NJ : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Lescheid , A. , Chiodo , D. , Nowicki , E. , & Rodger , S. ( 2007 ). Childhood predictors of adult criminality: A meta-analysis drawn from prospective longitudinal literature . Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justics , 50 ( 4 ), 435 – 467 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leventhal , T. , & Brooks-Gunn , J. ( 2000 ). The neighborhoods they live in: Effects of neighborhood residence upon child and adolescent outcomes . Psychological Bulletin , 126 , 309 – 337 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leventhal , T. , & Brooks Gunn , J. ( 2011 ). Changes in neighborhood poverty from 1990 to 2000 and youth's problem behaviors . Developmental Psychology , 47 ( 6 ), 1680 – 1698 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leventhal , T. , Dupéré , V. , & Brooks-Gunn , J. ( 2009 ). Neighborhood influences on adolescent development . In R. M. Lerner & L. Steinberg (Eds.), Handbook of adolescent psychology ( , 3rd ed. , pp. 411 – 443 ). New York , NY : John Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Leventhal , T. , Dupéré , V. , & Shuey , E. ( in press ). Children in neighborhoods . In M. H. Bornstein & R. M. Lerner (Eds.), Ecological Settings and Processes within the Relational, Developmental System ( , 7 ed. , Vol. 4 ). Hoboken , NJ : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Loeber , R. , & Burke , J. D. ( 2011 ). Developmental pathways in juvenile externalizing and internalizing problems . Journal of Research on Adolescence , 21 ( 1 ), 34 – 46 . doi: 10.1111/j.1532-7795.2010.00713.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• López Turley , R. N. ( 2003 ). When do neighborhoods matter? The role of race and neighborhood peers . Social Science Research , 32 ( 1 ), 61 – 79 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lund , T. J. , & Dearing , E. ( 2012 ). Is growing up affluent risky for adolescents or is the problem growing up in an affluent neighborhood? Journal of Research on Adolescence . doi: 10.1111/j.1532-7795.2012.00829.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luthar , S. S. ( 2003 ). The culture of affluence: Psychological costs of material wealth . Child Development , 74 ( 6 ), 1581 – 1593 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magnuson , K. , Duncan , G. J. , & Kalil , A. ( 2006 ). The contribution of middle childhood contexts to adolescent achievement and behavior . In A. C. Huston & M. H. Ripke (Eds.), Developmental Context of Middle Childhood: Bridges to Adolescence and Adulthood (pp. 150 – 172 ). Cambridge , UK : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• McBride Murry , V. , Berkel , C. , Gaylord-Harden , N. K. , Copeland-Linder , N. , & Nation , M. ( 2011 ). Neighborhood poverty and adolescent development . Journal of Research on Adolescence , 21 ( 1 ), 114 – 128 . doi: 10.1111/j.1532-7795.2010.00718.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCulloch , A. , & Joshi , H. E. ( 2001 ). Neighborhourhood and family influences on the cognitive ability of children in the British National Child Development Study . Social Science and Medicine , 53 , 579 – 591 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLeod , J. , & Shanahan , M. J. ( 1996 ). Trajectories of poverty and children's mental health . Journal of Health and Social Behavior , 37 , 207 – 220 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLoyd , V. C. , Kaplan , R. , Purtell , K. M. , Bagley , E. , Hardaway , C. R. , & Smalls , C. ( 2009 ). Poverty and socioeconomic disadvantage in adolescence handbook of adolescent psychology. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Moffitt , T. E. ( 1993 ). Adolescent-limited and life-course-persistent antisocial behavior: A developmental taxonomy . Psycological Review , 100 ( 4 ), 647 – 701 .
   Google Scholar
• Muthen , B. O. ( 2004 ). Latent variable analysis: Growth mixture modeling and related techniques for longitudinal data . In D. Kaplan (Ed.), Handbook of quantitative methodology for the social exiences (pp. 345 – 368 ). Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Muthén , L. K. , & Muthén , B. O. ( 1998–2010 ). Mplus user's guide () , 6th ed . Los Angeles , CA : Author .
   Google Scholar
• Najman , J. M. , Hayatbakhsh , M. R. , Heron , M. A. , Bor , W. , O'Callaghan , M. J. , & Williams , G. M. ( 2009 ). The impact of episodic and chronic poverty on child cognitive development . The Journal of Pediatrics , 154 ( 2 ), 284 – 289 . e281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2008.08.052
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neuman , S. B. , & Celano , D. ( 2001 ). Access to print in low-income and middle-income communities: An ecological study of four neighborhoods . Reading Research Quarterly , 36 ( 1 ), 8 – 26 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NICHD Early Child Care Research Network . ( 2005 ). Child care and child development: Results from the NICHD study of early child care and youth development . New York , NY : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Radloff , L. ( 1977 ). The CES-D Scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population . Applied Psychological Measurement , 1 , 385 – 401 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raudenbush , S. W. , & Bryk , A. S. ( 2002 ). Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods . Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Sampson , R. J. ( 2000 ). The neighborhood context of investing in children: Facilitating mechanisms and undermining risks . In S. H. Danziger , & J. Waldfogel (Eds.), Securing the future for children (pp. 205 – 227 ). New York , NY : Russell Sage Foundation .
   Google Scholar
• Sampson , R. J. , Morenoff , J. D. , & Gannon-Rowley , T. (2002). Assessing ‘neighborhood effects': Social processes and new directions in research. Annual Review of Sociology , 28, 443–478.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanbonmatsu , L. , Ludwig , J. , Katz , L. F. , Gennetian , L. , Duncan , G. J. , Adam , E. K. , … Lindau , S. T. ( 2011 ). Moving to opportunity fair housing demonstration program: Final impacts evaluation. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research.
   Google Scholar
• Sastry , N. , & Pebley , A. R. ( 2010 ). Family and neighborhood sources of socioeconomic inequality in children's achievement . Demography , 47 , 777 – 800 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schachter , J. ( 2001 ). Why people move: Exploring the March 2000 Current population survey. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Census Bureau.
   Google Scholar
• Schaefer , E. , & Edgerton , M. ( 1985 ). Parental and child correlates of parental modernity . In I. E. Sigel (Ed.), Parental belief systems: The psychological consequences for children (pp. 287 – 318 ). Hillsdale , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Shonkoff , J. P. , & Phillips , D. A. (Eds.). ( 2000 ). From neurons to neighborhoods: The science of early child development . Washington , DC : National Academy of Sciences .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , J. R. , Brooks-Gunn , J. , & Klebanov , P. ( 1997 ). Consequences of living in poverty for young children's cognitive and verbal ability and early school achievement . In G. J. Duncan & J. Brooks-Gunn (Eds.), Consequences of growing up poor (pp. 132 – 189 ). New York , NY : Russell Sage Foundation .
   Google Scholar
• South , S. J. , & Crowder , K. ( 2010 ). Neighborhood poverty and nonmarital fertility: Spatial and temporal dimensions . Journal of Marriage and Family , 72 , 98 – 104 .
   Google Scholar
• Steinberg , L. , & Morris , A. S. ( 2001 ). Adolescent development . Annual Review of Psychology , 52 , 83 – 110 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tienda , M. ( 1991 ). Poor people and poor places: Deciphering neighborhood effects on poverty outcomes . In J. Huber (Ed.), Macro-micro linkages in sociology (pp. 244 – 262 ). Newbury Park , CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Vartanian , T. P. , & Buck , P. W. ( 2005 ). Childhood and adolescent neighborhood effects on adult income: Using siblings to examine differences in OLS and fixed effect models . Social Service Review , 78 ( 1 ), 60 – 94 .
   Google Scholar
• Wheaton , B. , & Clarke , P. ( 2003 ). Space meets time: Integrating temporal and contextual influences on mental health in early adulthood . American Sociological Review , 68 , 680 – 706 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wodtke , G. , Harding , D. J. , & Elwert , F. ( 2011 ). Neighborhood Effects in Temporal Perspective . American Sociological Review , 76 ( 5 ), 713 – 736 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodcock , R. W. , & Johnson , M. B. ( 1989 ). Woodcock-Johnson Psycho-Educational Battery - Revised . Allen , TX : DLM Teaching Resources .
   Google Scholar
• Wright , D. A. N. ( 1999 ). Student mobility: A negligible and confounded influence on student achievement . The Journal of Educational Research , 92 ( 6 ), 347 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xue , Y. , Leventhal , T. , Brooks-Gunn , J. , & Earls , F. J. ( 2005 ). Neighborhood residence and mental health problems of 5- to 11-year olds . Archives of General Psychiatry , 62 , 554 – 563 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar