References
- Anderson, J., Bruce, J. A., Jones, D. W., & Flowers, J. L. (2015). The impact of livestock exhibition on youth leadership life skill development: Youth agricultural organizations. Journal of Extension, 53(1). 1FEA5 Retrieved from https://joe.org/joe/2015february/pdf/JOE_v53_1a5.pdf
- Anderson, K. P., & Karr-Lilienthal, L. (2011). Influence of 4-H horse project involvement on development of life skills. Journal of Extension, 49. Retrieved from http://www.joe.org/joe/2011october/iw2.php
- Boone, H. N., Ankrom, S. J., Boone, D. A., & Woloshuk, J. M. (2011). Perceptions of ethical practices in youth livestock shows. NACAA, 4(2). Retrieved from https://www.nacaa.com/journal/index.php?jid=105
- Brady, C. M., & Nadeau, J. A. (2013). Youth motivation to participate in the 2012 Eastern National 4-H Horse Roundup. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 33(5), 386.
- Collins, J. A., Hanlon, A., More, S. J., Wall, P. G., Kennedy, J., & Duggan, V. (2010). Evaluation of current equine welfare issues in Ireland: Causes, desirability, feasibility, and means of raising standards. Equine Veterinary Journal, 42, 105–113.
- Fassett, J. L., Nold, R. A., & Rockwell, S. (2005). Assuring youth raising livestock for food produce a quality product. Journal of Extension, 43(1).1RIB7 Retrieved from https://joe.org/joe/2005february/rb7.php
- Fraser, D. (2009). Animal behavior, animal welfare and the scientific study of affect. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 118, 108–117.
- Furnham, A., McManus, C., & Scott, D. (2003). Personality, empathy and attitudes to animal welfare. Anthrozoos, 16, 135–146.
- Goodwin, J. L., Briers, G., & Murphy, T. H. (2002). Measuring the ethical cognition effects of a videotape livestock show ethics education program. Journal of Extension, 40(6). 6RIB2 Retrieved from https://www.joe.org/joe/2002december/rb2.php
- Hallback, T. (2002). The rules are black and white and they apply to all breeds. News Release, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.
- Heleski, C. R., & Anthony, R. (2012). Science alone is not always enough: The importance of ethical assessment for a more comprehensive view of equine welfare. Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research, 7, 169–178.
- Heleski, C. R., Mertig, A. G., & Zanella, A. J. (2004). Assessing attitudes toward farm animal welfare: A national survey of animal science faculty members. Journal of Animal Science, 82, 2806–2814.
- Heleski, C. R., & Zanella, A. J. (2006). Animal science student attitudes to farm animal welfare. Anthrozoos, 19, 3–16.
- Hills, A. M. (1993). The motivational bases of attitudes towards animals. Society & Animals, 1, 111–128.
- Keith, L., & Vaughn, P. (1998). The value of 4-H competitive activities as perceived by the parents of 4-H members. Journal of Agricultural Education, 39(3), 41–50.
- Kohlberg, L. (1984). The psychology of moral development (pp. 172–177). New York: Harper & Row.
- Mathews, S., & Herzog, H. A. (1997). Personality and attitudes towards the treatment of animals. Society & Animals, 5, 169–175.
- Mazas, B., Fernandez Manzanal, M. R., Zarza, F. J., & Maria, G. A. (2013). Development and validation of a scale to assess students’ attitudes towards animal welfare. International Journal of Science Education, 35, 1775–1799.
- McCullock, S. P. (2013). A critique of FAWC’s five freedoms as a framework analysis of animal welfare. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 26, 959–975.
- Merill, T. (2010). LSU AgCenter offering online quality assurance, ethics training for livestock exhibitors. Retrieved April 24, 2017, from http://apps.lsuagcenter.com/news_archive/2010/may/headline_news/LSU-AgCenter-offering-online-quality-assurance-ethics-training-for-livestock-exhibitors.htm
- Mounce, A. R., & Terry, Jr., R. (2001). Students’ perceptions of unethical practices in FFA competitions. Paper presented at Southern Agriculture Education Conference, Fort Worth, TX. Retrieved January 22, 2003, from http://aaaeonline.ifas.ufl.edu/Research%20Conferences/Saerc/2001/pdf/a3.pdf
- Rusk, C. P., Brubaker, K. M., Balschweid, M. A., & Pajor, E. A. (2005). Capitalizing on the human- animal bond to teach ethics to youth. New Directions for Youth Development, 108, 45–56.
- Rusk, C. P., Brubaker, K. M., Balschweid, M. A., & Pajor, E. A. (2006). Evaluation of a livestock ethics curriculum for high school youth. Journal of Agricultural Education, 47(3), 105–116.
- Rusk, C. P., & Machtmes, K. (2003). Livestock ethics: A lesson for high school students. Journal of Extension, 41(3). IAW Retrieved April 27, 2017, IAW https://www.joe.org/joe/2003june/iw4.php
- Segall, B. (2015). Drugged animals disqualified, kids punished at Indiana state fair. Retrieved April 24, 2017, from http://www.wthr.com/article/drugged-animals-disqualified-kids-punished-indiana-state-fair
- Smith, C. E., Swinker, A. M., Comerford, P. M., Radhakrishna, R. B., & Hoover, T. S. (2006). Horsemanship and life skills of youth in horse programs. Professional Animal Scientist, 22(1), 89–93.
- Voigt, M., Hiney, K., Richardson, J. C., Waite, K., Borron, A., & Brady, C. M. (2016). Show horse welfare: Horse show competitors’ understanding, awareness, and perceptions of equine welfare. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science, 19(4), 335–352.
- Voigt, M., Russell, M., Hiney, K., Richardson, J., Borron, A., & Brady, C. (2015). Show horse welfare: Evaluating stock-type show horse industry legitimacy. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 28(4), 647–666.
- Wills, C. (2003). Illinois state fair disqualifies teenager, champion steer for using banned drug. Retrieved August 21, 2003, from http://edition.cnn.com/2003/US/Midwest/08/13/offbeat.steer.scandal.ap