The Arctification of northern tourism: a longitudinal geographical analysis of firm names in Sweden

References

• Andersson, D. (2017). Ortnamnens funktioner i flerspråkiga områden. In L.-E. Edlund, & E. Strzelecka (Eds.), Mellannorrland i centrum: Språkliga och historiska studier tillägnade professor Eva Nyman (pp. 131–142). Skytteanska Samfundet.
   Google Scholar
• Anholt, S. (2008). Place branding: Is it marketing, or isn’t it? Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 4(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.pb.6000088
   Google Scholar
• Bohlin, M., Brandt, D., & Elbe, J. (2014). The development of Swedish tourism public policy 1930-2010. Scandinavian Journal of Public Administration, 18(1), 19–39. https://ojs.ub.gu.se/index.php/sjpa/article/view/2753
   Google Scholar
• Bohlin, M., Brandt, D., & Elbe, J. (2016). Tourism as a vehicle for regional development in peripheral areas – myth or reality? A longitudinal case study of Swedish regions. European Planning Studies, 24(10), 1788–1805. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2016.1194807
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boisen, M., Terlouw, K., Groote, P., & Couwenberg, O. (2018). Reframing place promotion, place marketing, and place branding - moving beyond conceptual confusion. Cities, 80(2018), 4–11. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2017.08.021
   Google Scholar
• Bolagsverket. (2020). Jämför företagsformer. https://bolagsverket.se/ff/foretagsformer/valja-foretagsform.
   Google Scholar
• Bourdieu, P. (1991). Language and symbolic power. Polity Press.
   Google Scholar
• Braudy, L. (2011). The Hollywood sign: Fantasy and reality of an American icon. Yale University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Carson, D. A., & Carson, D. B. (2018). International lifestyle immigrants and their contributions to rural tourism innovation: Experiences from Sweden's far north. Journal of Rural Studies, 64, 230–240. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2017.08.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carson, D. A., Carson, D. B., & Eimermann, M. (2018). International winter tourism entrepreneurs in northern Sweden: Understanding migration, lifestyle, and business motivations. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 18(2), 183–198. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/15022250.2017.1339503
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caton, K., & Santos, C. A. (2007). Heritage tourism on route 66: Deconstructing nostalgia. Journal of Travel Research, 45(4), 371–386. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287507299572
   Google Scholar
• Chandler, D. (2017). Semiotics: The basics. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Clark, I. D. (2009). Naming sites: Names as management tools in indigenous tourism sites – An Australian case study. Tourism Management, 30(1), 109–111. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2008.03.012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper, E. A., Spinei, M., & Varnajot, A. (2019). Countering ‘Arctification’: Dawson citys ‘Sourtoe Cocktail’. Journal of Tourism Futures, 6(1), 70–82. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-01-2019-0008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dicken, P. (2007). Global shift: Mapping the changing contours of the world economy. Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Granås, B. (2018). Destinizing Finnmark: Place making through dogsledding. Annals of Tourism Research, 72(2018), 48–57. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2018.05.005
   Google Scholar
• Grenier, A. A. (2007). The diversity of polar tourism: Some challenges facing the industry in Rovaniemi, Finland. Polar Geography, 30(1–2), 55–72. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10889370701666622
   Google Scholar
• Grenier, A. A. (2011). Conceptualization of polar tourism: Mapping an experience in the far reaches of the imaginary. In A. A. Grenier, & D. K. Müller (Eds.), Polar tourism: A tool for regional development (pp. 61–86). Presses de I’Univeristé du Québec.
   Google Scholar
• Hagren, K. I. (2020). Nature, modernity, and diversity: Swedish national identity in a touring association’s yearbooks 1886–2013. National Identities, 23(5), 1–18. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14608944.2020.1803819
   Google Scholar
• Hall, C. M., & Saarinen, J. (2010). Polar tourism: Definitions and dimensions. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 10(4), 448–467. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/15022250.2010.521686
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heldt Cassel, S. (2008). Trying to be attractive: Image building and identity formation in small industrial municipalities in Sweden. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 4(2), 102–114. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.pb.6000086
   Google Scholar
• Herva, V. P., Varnajot, A., & Pashkevich, A. (2020). Bad santa: Cultural heritage, mystification of the Arctic, and tourism as an extractive industry. The Polar Journal, 10(2), 375–396. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/2154896X.2020.1783775
   Google Scholar
• Hjalager, A.-M., Huijbens, E., Björk, P., Nordin, S., Flagestad, A., & Knútsson, Ö. (2008). Innovation systems in Nordic tourism. Technology Analysis Strategic Management, 12(4), 289–315. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.4765.1202
   Google Scholar
• Hospers, G.-J. (2004). Place marketing in Europe: The branding of the Oresund region. Intereconomics, 39(5), 271–279. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03031785
   Google Scholar
• Jacobsen, J. K. S. (1997). The making of an attraction: The case of North Cape. Annals of Tourism Research, 24(2), 341–356. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/s0160-7383(97)80005-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobsen, J. K. S. (2015). The North Cape: In the land of the midnight sun. In N. Herrero, & S. R. Roseman (Eds.), The tourism imaginary and the pilgrimage to the edges of the world (pp. 120–140). Channel View Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Jæger, K., & Viken, A. (2014). Sled dog racing and tourism development in Finnmark: A symbiotic relationship. In A. Viken, & B. Granås (Eds.), Tourism destination development (pp. 131–150). Ashgate.
   Google Scholar
• Jóhannesson, G. T., & Lund, K. A. (2017). Aurora Borealis: Choreographies of darkness and light. Annals of Tourism Research, 63(2017), 183–190. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2017.02.001
   Google Scholar
• Lemelin, H., Dawson, J., Stewart, E. J., Maher, P., & Lueck, M. (2010). Last-chance tourism: The boom, doom, and gloom of visiting vanishing destinations. Current Issues in Tourism, 13(5), 477–493. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500903406367
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Light, D. (2014). Tourism and toponymy: Commodifying and consuming place names. Tourism Geographies, 16(1), 141–156. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2013.868031
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linnæus, C. (2005/1732). Iter lapponicum. Facsimile edition. Kungliga Skytteanska Samfundet.
   Google Scholar
• Lucarelli, A. (2018). Place branding as urban policy: The (im)political place branding. Cities, 80(2018), 12–21. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2017.08.004
   Google Scholar
• Lucarelli, A., & Heldt Cassel, S. (2019). The dialogical relationship between spatial planning and place branding: Conceptualizing regionalization discourses in Sweden. European Planning Studies, 28(7), 1375–1392. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2019.1701293
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lundgren, J. O. (1995). The tourism space penetration processes in northern Canada and Scandinavia: A comparison. In C. M. Hall, & M. E. Johnston (Eds.), Polar tourism: Tourism in the Arctic and Antarctic regions (pp. 43–61). Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Lundmark, L. (2006). Restructuring and employment change in sparsely populated areas: Examples from northern Sweden and Finland. Umeå University.
   Google Scholar
• Lundmark, L., & Carson, D. A. (2020). Who travels to the North? Challenges and opportunities for tourism. In L. Lundmark, D. B. Carson, & M. Eimermann (Eds.), Dipping into the North: Living, working and traveling in sparsely populated areas (pp. 265–285). Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Lundmark, L., Müller, D. K., & Bohn, D. (2020). In press). Arctification and the paradox of overtourism in sparsely populated areas. In L. Lundmark, D. B. Carson, & M. Eimermann (Eds.), Dipping into the North: Living, working and traveling in sparsely populated areas (pp. 379–371). Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• MacCannell, D. (1976). The tourist: A new theory of the leisure class. University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mair, H. (2009). Searching for a new enterprise: Themed tourism and the re-making of one small Canadian community. Tourism Geographies, 11(4), 462–483. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14616680903262638
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Müller, D. K. (2011). Tourism development in Europés “last wilderness”: An assessment of nature-based tourism in Swedish lapland. In A. A. Grenier, & D. K. Müller (Eds.), Polar tourism: A tool for regional development (pp. 129–153). Presses de l’Université du Québec.
   Google Scholar
• Müller, D. K. (2013). Hibernating economic decline? Tourism and labor market change in Europe’s northern periphery. In G. Visser, & S. Ferreira (Eds.), Tourism and crisis (pp. 113–128). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Müller, D. K. (2015). Issues in Arctic tourism. In B. Evengård, J. N. Larsen, & Ø Paasche (Eds.), The new Arctic (pp. 147–158). Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Müller, D. K. (2021). Tourism in national Arctic strategies: A perspective on the tourism geopolitics nexus. In M. Mostafanezhad, M. Córdoba Azcárate, & R. Norum (Eds.), The geopolitics of tourism: Assemblages of power, mobility and the state (pp. 91–111). University of Arizona Press.
   Google Scholar
• Müller, D. K., Byström, J., Stjernström, O., & Svensson, D. (2019). Making “wilderness” in a northern natural resource periphery. In E. C. H. Keskitalo (Ed.), The politics of Arctic resources: Change and continuity in the ‘Old North’ of northern Europe (pp. 99–111). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Müller, D. K., Carson, D. A., Barre, S., Granås, B., Jóhannesson, G. T., Oyen, G., Rantala, O., Saarinen, J., Salmela, T., Tervo-Kankare, K., & Welling, J. (2020). Artic tourism in time of change (Temanord Report No. 2020-529). Nordic Council of Ministers.
   Google Scholar
• Müller, D. K., & Viken, A. (2017). Toward a de-essentializing of indigenous tourism? In A. Viken, & D. K. Müller (Eds.), Tourism and indigeneity in the Arctic (pp. 281–289). Channel View Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Paasi, A. (1986). The institutionalization of regions: A theoretical framework for understanding the emergence of regions and the constitution of regional identity. Fennia – International Journal of Geography, 164(1), 105–146. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11143/9052
   Google Scholar
• Paasi, A. (2010). 2010). Re-visiting the region and regional identity: Theoretical reflections with empirical illustrations. In R. Barndon, A. Engevik, & I. Øye (Eds.), The archaeology of regional technologies case studies from the palaeolithic to the Age of the vikings (pp. 15–33). The Edwin Mellen Press.
   Google Scholar
• Pedersen, A.-K. (2016). Is the official use of names in Norway determined by the place-names act or by attitudes? In G. Puzey, & L. Kostanski (Eds.), Names and meaning: People, places, perceptions and power (pp. 213–228). Multilingual Matters; Illustrated edition.
   Google Scholar
• Pedersen, K., & Viken, A. (1996). From Sami nomadism to global tourism. In M. F. Price (Ed.), People and tourism in fragile environments (pp. 69–88). John Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Pike, A., Rodríguez-Pose, A., & Tomaney, J. (2006). Local and regional development. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Pretes, M. (1995). Postmodern tourism: The Santa Claus industry. Annals of Tourism Research, 22(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(94)00026-O
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rantala, O., Barre, S. D. L., Granås, B., Jóhannesson, GÞ, Müller, D. K., Saarinen, J., Tervo Kankare, K., Maher, P. T., & Niskala, M. (2019). Arctic tourism in times of change: Seasonality (Temanord Report No. 2019:528). Nordic Council of Ministers.
   Google Scholar
• Rantala, O., Hallikainen, V., Ilola, H., & Tuulentie, S. (2018). The softening of adventure tourism. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 18(4), 343–361. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/15022250.2018.1522725
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Regeringskansliet. (2020). Regeringens skrivelse 2020/21:7. Strategi för den arktiska regionen. https://www.regeringen.se/pressmeddelanden/2020/09/regeringensskrivelse-strategi-for-den-arktiska-regionen/.
   Google Scholar
• Retriever Business. (2020). Affärsinformation. https://www.retrievergroup.com/sv/business-suite.
   Google Scholar
• Saarinen, J. (2005). Tourism in the northern wildernesses: Wilderness discourses and the development of nature-based tourism in northern Finland. In C. M. Hall, & S. Boyd (Eds.), Nature-based tourism in peripheral areas: Development or disaster (pp. 36–49). Channel View Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Saarinen, J. (2019). What are wilderness areas for? Tourism and political ecologies of wilderness uses and management in the Anthropocene. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 27(4), 472–487. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2018.1456543
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saarinen, J., & Varnajot, A. (2019). The Arctic in tourism: Complementing and contesting perspectives on tourism in the Arctic. Polar Geography, 42(2), 109–124. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/1088937X.2019.1578287
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salazar, N. B. (2012). Tourism imaginaries: A conceptual approach. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(2), 863–882. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2011.10.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shoval, N. (2013). Street-naming, tourism development and cultural conflict: The case of the Old City of Acre/Akko/Akka. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 38(4), 612–626. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/tran.12003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Syssner, J. (2010). Place branding from a multi-level perspective. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 6(1), 36–48. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1057/pb.2010.1
   Google Scholar
• Tillväxtverket. (2020). Turismens årsbokslut 2019. https://tillvaxtverket.se/statistik/vara-undersokningar/resultat-franturismundersokningar/2020-09-30-turismens-arsbokslut-2019.html.
   Google Scholar
• Tuan, Y. F. (1991). Language and the making of place: A narrative-descriptive approach. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 81(4), 684–696. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8306.1991.tb01715.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Väätänen, V., & Zimmerbauer, K. (2020). Territory–network interplay in the co-constitution of the Arctic and ‘to-be’Arctic states. Territory, Politics, Governance, 8(3), 372–389. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/21622671.2018.1559759
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varnajot, A. (2020). Rethinking Arctic tourism: Tourists’ practices and perceptions of the Arctic in Rovaniemi. University of Oulu.
   Google Scholar
• Viken, A. (2013). What is Arctic tourism, and who should define it? In D. K. Müller, L. Lundmark, & R. H. Lemelin (Eds.), New issues in Polar tourism: Communities, environment, politics (pp. 37–50). Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Viken, A., & Granås, B. (2014). Destinations, dimensions of tourism. In A. Viken, & B. Granås (Eds.), Tourism destination development turns and tactics (pp. 1–18). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, N. (1999). Rethinking authenticity in tourism experience. Annals of Tourism Research, 26(2), 349–370. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(98)00103-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar