Toxic Effects of Pb on Anatomy and Hypericin Content in Hypericum perforatum L.

REFERENCES

• Adewole , M. B. , Adeoye , G. O. and Sridhar , M. K. C. 2010 . Removal of heavy metals from soil polluted with effluents from a paint industry using Helianthus annuus L. and Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) as influenced by fertilizer applications . Bioremediat. J. , 14 : 169 – 179 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alloway , B. J. 1990 . “ Heavy metals in soils: Lead ” . 177 – 196 . London : Black and Glasgow .
   Google Scholar
• Bosabalidis , A. and Panou-Filotheou , H. 2004 . Root structural aspects associated with copper toxicity in oregano (Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum) . Plant Sci. , 166 : 1497 – 1504 .
   Google Scholar
• Campbell , M. H. , Briese , D. T. and Delfosse , E. S . 1995 . Hypericum perforatum L . Biol. Aust. Weeds , 1 : 149 – 167 .
   Google Scholar
• Campbell , M. H. , May , C. E. , Southwell , I. A. , Tomlinson , J. D. and Michael , P. W. 1997 . Variation in Hypericum perforatum L. in New South Wales . Plant Protect. Q. , 12 : 259 – 266 .
   Google Scholar
• Curtis , J. D. and Lersten , N. R. 1990 . Internal secretary structure in Hypericum (Glusiaceae): H. perforatum L. and H. balearicum L . New Phytol. , 114 : 571 – 580 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eliasiova , A. , Repcak , M. and Pastirova , A. 2004 . Quantitative changes of secondary metabolites of Matricaria chamomilla by abiotic stress . Z. Naturforsch , 59c : 543 – 548 .
   Google Scholar
• Gupta , P. K. 2000 . “ Soil, plant, water and fertilizer analysis ” . Vol. 438 , New Dehli : Agro Bios .
   Google Scholar
• Hall , J. L. 2002 . Cellular mechanisms for heavy metal detoxification and tolerance . J. Exp. Bot. , 53 : 1 – 11 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrison , R. M. and Laxen , D. P. 1977 . A comparative study on methods for soil analysis of total lead in soil . Water Air Soil Pollut. , 8 : 387 – 392 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heidari , M. and Sarani , S. 2011 . Effects of lead and cadmium on seed germination, seedling growth and antioxidant enzymes activities of mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) . ARPN J. Agric. Biol. Sci. , 6 : 44 – 47 .
   Google Scholar
• Hobbs , Ch. 1996 . St John's wort . HerbalGram. , 35 : 18 – 32 .
   Google Scholar
• Kopittke , M. , Asher , P. J. and Mensies , N. 2007 . Toxic effect of Pb2+ on growth of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) . Environ. Pollut. , 10 : 1 – 8 .
   Google Scholar
• Kovacevic , G. , Kastori , R. and Merkulov , L. 1999 . Dry matter and leaf structure in young wheat plants as affected by cadmium . Biol. Plant , 42 : 119 – 123 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leung , D. W. and Jarvis , M. D. 2002 . Chelated lead transport in Pinus radiata an ultra structural study . Environ. Exp. Bot. , 48 : 21 – 32 .
   Google Scholar
• Li , T. , Islam , E. , Yang , X. , Liu , D. , Jin , X. and Meng , F. 2007 . Effect of Pb toxicity on root morphology, physiology and ultrastructure in the tow ecotype Elsholtzia argyi . J. Hazard. Mater. , 147 : 806 – 816 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mehrotra , Sh. , Rai , V. , Khatoon , S. S. and Bisht , S. 2005 . Effect of cadmium on growth, ultramorphology of leaf and secondary metabolites of Phyllanthus amarus Schum . Chemosphere , 61 : 644 – 1650 .
   Google Scholar
• Noorani Azad , H. , Shiva , A. H. and Malekpour , R. 2011 . Toxic effects of lead on growth and some biochemical and ionic parameters of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seedlings . Curr. Res. J. Biol. Sci. , 3 : 398 – 403 .
   Google Scholar
• Papadakis , I. E. , Giannakoula , A. , Therios , I. N. , Bosabalidis , A. M. , Moustakas , M , Pellet , D. M. , Grunes , D. L. and Kolochian , L. V. 1995 . Organic acid exudation as an aluminum-tolerance mechanism in maize (Zea mays L.) . Planta , 196 : 788 – 795 .
   Google Scholar
• Pais , I. and Jones , J. 2000 . The handbook of trace elements , 115 – 116 . Boca Raton , FL : St. Lucie Press .
   Google Scholar
• Rhizopoulou , S. and Psaras , G. K. 2003 . Development and structure of drought-tolerant leaves of the Mediterranean shrub Capparis spinosa L . Ann. Bot. , 92 : 377 – 383 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santiago , L. P. , Louro , R. and DeoliIveira , D. 2000 . Compartmentation of phenolic compounds and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in leaves of Phyllanthus tenellus Roxb and their induction by copper sulphate . Ann. Bot. , 86 : 1023 – 1032 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saxena , P. K. , Murch , S. J. , Haq , K. and Vasantha Rupasingh , H. P. 2003 . Nickel contamination affects growth­­ and secondary metabolite composition Hypericum perforatum L . Environ. Exp. Bot. , 49 : 251 – 257 .
   Google Scholar
• Sharma , P. and Dubey , R. 2005 . Lead toxicity in plant . Plant Physiol. , 17 : 32 – 52 .
   Google Scholar
• Soares , A. M. , Gomes , M. P. , Marques , T. , Oliveira , M. , Nogueira , G. and Castro , E. M. 2011 . Ecophysiological and anatomical changes due to uptake and accumulation of heavy metal in Brachiaria decumbens . Sci. Agric. , 68 : 566 – 573 .
   Google Scholar
• Succuro , J. S. 2010 . The effectiveness of using Typha latifolia (broadleaf cattail) for phytoremediation of increased levels of lead-contamination in soil , Humboldt State University, Berlin . M.A. thesis
   Google Scholar
• Terashima , I. 1992 . Anatomy of non-uniform leaf photosynthesis . Photosyn. Res. , 31 : 195 – 212 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tukiendorf , A. , Wojcik , M. , Vongronsveld , J. and Dhaen , J. 2005 . Cadmium tolerance in Thlaspi caerolescens. II. Localization of cadmium in T. caerolescens . Environ. Exp. Bot. , 53 : 163 – 171 .
   Google Scholar
• Upton , R. 1999 . Hypericum perforatum, quality control, analytical and therapeutic monograph . HerbalGram , 40 : 32
   Google Scholar
• Vijayaragavan , M. , Prabhahar , C. , Sureshkumar , J. , Natarajan , A. , Vijayarengan , P. and Sharavanan , S. 2011 . Toxic effect of cadmium on seed germination, growth and biochemical contents of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) plants . Int. Multidiscipl. Res. J. , 1 : 1 – 6 .
   Google Scholar
• Vollenweider , S. , Cosio , C. , Gunthardt-Georg , M. and Keller , C. 2006 . Localization and effects of cadmium of cadmium-tolerant willow (Salix viminalis). II. Microlocalization and cellular effects of cadmium . Environ. Exp. Bot. , 58 : 25 – 40 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vollenweider , S. , Cosio , C. and Keller , C. 2006 . Localization and effects of cadmium of cadium- tolerant willow (Salix viminalis). I. Macrolocalization and phytotoxic effects of cadmium . Environ. Exp. Bot. , 58 : 64 – 74 .
   Google Scholar
• Yu , D. , Yan , X. , Wang , H. and Wang , J. 2006 . Response of submerged plant (Vallisneria spinulosa) clones to lead stress in the heterogenous soil . Chemosphere , 63 : 1459 – 1465 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zarinkamar , F. 2010 . Iranian atlas of foliar anatomy. Vol. 2, Petiole , 9 – 13 . Nurbakhsh Press . Tehran, Iran
   Google Scholar