Workplace Incivility Among Nationally Certified EMS Professionals and Associations with Workforce-Reducing Factors and Organizational Culture

References

• Andersson LM, Pearson CM. Tit for Tat? The Spiraling Effect of Incivility in the Workplace. Acad Manage Rev 1999;24:452.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cortina LM, Magley VJ, Williams JH, Langhout RD. Incivility in the workplace: incidence and impact. J Occup Health Psychol 2001;6:64–80.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smokler Lewis P, Malecha A. The impact of workplace incivility on the work environment, manager skill, and productivity. J Nurs Adm 2011;41:S17–S23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oyeleye O, Hanson P, O'Connor N, Dunn D. Relationship of workplace incivility, stress, and burnout on nurses' turnover intentions and psychological empowerment. J Nurs Adm 2013;43:536–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stecker M, Stecker MM. Disruptive staff interactions: a serious source of inter-provider conflict and stress in health care settings. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2014;35:533–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yanchus NJ, Periard D, Osatuke K. Further examination of predictors of turnover intention among mental health professionals. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2017;24:41–56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim S, Cortina LM, Magley VJ. Personal and workgroup incivility: impact on work and health outcomes. J Appl Psychol 2008;93:95–107.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spence Laschinger HK, Leiter M, Day A, Gilin D. Workplace empowerment, incivility, and burnout: impact on staff nurse recruitment and retention outcomes. J Nurs Manage 2009;17:302–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Read E, Laschinger HK. Correlates of new graduate nurses' experiences of workplace mistreatment. J Nurs Adm 2013;43:221–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nielsen MB, Hetland J, Matthiesen SB, Einarsen S. Longitudinal relationships between workplace bullying and psychological distress. Scand J Work Environ Health 2012;38(1):38–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutton SS, Gates D. Workplace incivility and productivity losses among direct care staff. AAOHN J 2008;56:168–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elmblad R, Kodjebacheva G, Lebeck L. Workplace incivility affecting CRNAs: a study of prevalence, severity, and consequences with proposed interventions. AANA J 2014;82:437–45.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nielsen MB, Einarsen S. Outcomes of exposure to workplace bullying: a meta-analytic review. Work Stress 2012;26:309–32.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Villafranca A, Hamlin C, Enns S, Jacobsohn E. Disruptive behaviour in the perioperative setting: a contemporary review. Can J Anaesth 2017;64:128–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dang D, Bae SH, Karlowicz KA, Kim MT. Do clinician disruptive behaviors make an unsafe environment for patients? J Nurs Care Qual 2016;31:115–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson BL, Phelps C. Horizontal hostility: a threat to patient safety. JONAS Healthc Law Ethics Regul 2013;15:51–7; quiz 8–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Laschinger HK. Impact of workplace mistreatment on patient safety risk and nurse-assessed patient outcomes. J Nurs Adm 2014;44:284–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenstein AH, O'Daniel M. A survey of the impact of disruptive behaviors and communication defects on patient safety. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf 2008;34:464–71.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cameron K, Quinn RT. Diagnosing and changing organizational culture based on the competing values framework. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass; 2006.
   Google Scholar
• National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians. NREMT 2015 Annual Report. Columbus, Ohio; 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Dillman DA, Smyth JD, Christian LM. Internet, mail, and mixed-mode surveys: the tailored design method. 3rd ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley & Sons; 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Henry JD, Crawford JR. The short-form version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21): construct validity and normative data in a large non-clinical sample. Br J Clin Psychol 2005;44:227–39.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The Economics Daily, Number of paid sick leave days in 2015 varies by length of service and establishment size. 2016. Accessed December 19, 2017, Available from: https://www.bls.gov/opub/ted/2016/number-of-paid-sick-leave-days-in-2015-varies-by-length-of-service-and-establishment-size.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Helfrich CD, Li YF, Mohr DC, Meterko M, Sales AE. Assessing an organizational culture instrument based on the Competing Values Framework: exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Implement Sci 2007;2:13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ovseiko PV, Buchan AM. Organizational culture in an academic health center: an exploratory study using a competing values framework. Acad Med 2012;87:709–18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown WE Jr., Dickison PD, Misselbeck WJ, Levine R. Longitudinal emergency medical technician attribute and demographic study (leads): an interim report. Prehosp Emerg Care 2002;6:433–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Standard Definitions: Final Dispositions of Case Codes and Outcome Rates for Surveys. AAPOR; 2016. Available from: http://www.aapor.org/AAPOR_Main/media/publications/Standard-Definitions20169theditionfinal.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Hosmer DW, Lemeshow S, Sturdivant RX. Applied logistic regression. 3rd ed. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley; 2013.
   Google Scholar
• National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians. 2014 National EMS Practice Analysis. Columbus, Ohio; 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Garth K, Todd D, Byers D, Kuiper B. Incivility in the emergency department: implications for nurse leaders. J Nurs Adm 2018;48:8–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cortina LM. Unseen injustice: incivility as modern discrimination in organizations. Acad Manage Rev 2008;33:55–75.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith L, Andrusyszyn MA, Spence Laschinger HK. Effects of workplace incivility and empowerment on newly‐graduated nurses’ organizational commitment. J Nurs Manag 2010;18:1004–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dovidio JF, Gaertner SL. Affirmative action, unintentional racial biases, and intergroup relations. J Soc Issues 1996;52:51–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicholson T, Griffin B. Here today but not gone tomorrow: incivility affects after-work and next-day recovery. J Occup Health Psychol 2015;20:218–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patterson PD. Characterizing job satisfaction and intent to leave among nationally registered emergency medical technicians: an analysis of the 2005 LEADS survey. J Allied Health 2009;38:e84–91.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Patterson PD, Jones CB, Hubble MW, Carr M, Weaver MD, Engberg J, Castle N. The longitudinal study of turnover and the cost of turnover in emergency medical services EMS. Prehosp Emerg Care 2010;14:209–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chapman SA, Crowe RP, Bentley MA. Recruitment and retention of new emergency medical technician (EMT)-basics and paramedics. Prehosp Disaster Med 2016;31:S70–s86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ortega A, Christensen KB, Hogh A, Rugulies R, Borg V. One-year prospective study on the effect of workplace bullying on long-term sickness absence. J Nurs Manag 2011;19:752–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borritz M, Rugulies R, Christensen KB, Villadsen E, Kristensen TS. Burnout as a predictor of self-reported sickness absence among human service workers: prospective findings from three year follow up of the PUMA study. Occup Environ Med 2006;63:98–106.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glambek M, Skogstad A, Einarsen S. Take it or leave: a five-year prospective study of workplace bullying and indicators of expulsion in working life. Ind Health 2015;53:160–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bentley MA, Crawford JM, Wilkins JR, Fernandez AR, Studnek JR. An assessment of depression, anxiety, and stress among nationally certified EMS professionals. Prehosp Emerg Care 2013;17:330–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Link MW, Mokdad AH. Alternative modes for health surveillance surveys: an experiment with web, mail, and telephone. Epidemiology 2005;16:701–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balter KA, Balter O, Fondell E, Lagerros YT. Web-based and mailed questionnaires: a comparison of response rates and compliance. Epidemiology 2005;16:577–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curtin R, Presser S, Singer E. Changes in telephone survey nonresponse over the past quarter century. Public Opin Quart 2005;69:87–98.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmuhl P, Van Duker H, Gurley KL, Webster A, Olson LM. Reaching emergency medical services providers: is one survey mode better than another? Prehosp Emerg Care 2010;14:361–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar