999
Views
31
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Contributions

Performance of the RACE Score for the Prehospital Identification of Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke in a Suburban/Rural EMS Service

Pages 612-618 | Received 20 Sep 2018, Accepted 18 Jan 2019, Published online: 20 Feb 2019

References

  • Lees KR, Bluhmki E, von Kummer R, et al. Time to treatment with intravenous alteplase and outcome in stroke: an updated pooled analysis of ECASS, ATLANTIS, NINDS, and EPITHET trials. Lancet. 2010;375(9727):1695–1703.
  • Berkhemer OA, Fransen PS, Beumer D, van den Berg LA, Lingsma HF, Yoo AJ, Schonewille WJ, Vos JA, Nederkoorn PJ, Wermer MJ, van Walderveen MA, Staals J, Hofmeijer J, van Oostayen JA, Lycklama à Nijeholt GJ, Boiten J, Brouwer PA, Emmer BJ, de Bruijn SF, van Dijk LC, Kappelle LJ, Lo RH, van Dijk EJ, de Vries J, de Kort PL, van Rooij WJ, van den Berg JS, van Hasselt BA, Aerden LA, Dallinga RJ, Visser MC, Bot JC, Vroomen PC, Eshghi O, Schreuder TH, Heijboer RJ, Keizer K, Tielbeek AV, den Hertog HM, Gerrits DG, van den Berg-Vos RM, Karas GB, Steyerberg EW, Flach HZ, Marquering HA, Sprengers ME, Jenniskens SF, Beenen LF, van den Berg R, Koudstaal PJ, van Zwam WH, Roos YB, van der Lugt A, van Oostenbrugge RJ, Majoie CB, Dippel DW; MR CLEAN Investigators. A randomized trial of intraarterial treatment for acute ischemic stroke. NEJM. 2015;372(1):11–20.
  • Goyal M, Demchuk AM, Menon BK, Eesa M, Rempel JL, Thornton J, Roy D, Jovin TG, Willinsky RA, Sapkota BL, Dowlatshahi D, Frei DF, Kamal NR, Montanera WJ, Poppe AY, Ryckborst KJ, Silver FL, Shuaib A, Tampieri D, Williams D, Bang OY, Baxter BW, Burns PA, Choe H, Heo JH, Holmstedt CA, Jankowitz B, Kelly M, Linares G, Mandzia JL, Shankar J, Sohn SI, Swartz RH, Barber PA, Coutts SB, Smith EE, Morrish WF, Weill A, Subramaniam S, Mitha AP, Wong JH, Lowerison MW, Sajobi TT, Hill MD; ESCAPE Trial Investigators. Randomized assessment of rapid endovascular treatment of ischemic stroke. NEJM. 2015;372(11):1019–1030.
  • Campbell BC, Mitchell PJ, Kleinig TJ, Dewey HM, Churilov L, Yassi N, Yan B, Dowling RJ, Parsons MW, Oxley TJ, Wu TY, Brooks M, Simpson MA, Miteff F, Levi CR, Krause M, Harrington TJ, Faulder KC, Steinfort BS, Priglinger M, Ang T, Scroop R, Barber PA, McGuinness B, Wijeratne T, Phan TG, Chong W, Chandra RV, Bladin CF, Badve M, Rice H, de Villiers L, Ma H, Desmond PM, Donnan GA, Davis SM; EXTEND-IA Investigators. Endovascular therapy for ischemic stroke with perfusion-imaging selection. NEJM. 2015;372(11):1009–1018.
  • Saver JL, Goyal M, Bonafe A, Diener HC, Levy EI, Pereira VM, Albers GW, Cognard C, Cohen DJ, Hacke W, Jansen O, Jovin TG, Mattle HP, Nogueira RG, Siddiqui AH, Yavagal DR, Baxter BW, Devlin TG, Lopes DK, Reddy VK, du Mesnil de Rochemont R, Singer OC, Jahan R; SWIFT PRIME Investigators. Stent-retriever thrombectomy after intravenous t-PA vs. t-PA alone in stroke. NEJM. 2015;372(24):2285–2295.
  • Jovin TG, Chamorro A, Cobo E, de Miquel MA, Molina CA, Rovira A, San Román L, Serena J, Abilleira S, Ribó M, Millán M, Urra X, Cardona P, López-Cancio E, Tomasello A, Castaño C, Blasco J, Aja L, Dorado L, Quesada H, Rubiera M, Hernandez-Pérez M, Goyal M, Demchuk AM, von Kummer R, Gallofré M, Dávalos A; REVASCAT Trial Investigators. Thrombectomy within 8 hours after symptom onset in ischemic stroke. NEJM. 2015;372(24):2296–2306.
  • Saver JL, Goyal M, van der Lugt A, Menon BK, Majoie CB, Dippel DW, Campbell BC, Nogueira RG, Demchuk AM, Tomasello A, Cardona P, Devlin TG, Frei DF, du Mesnil de Rochemont R, Berkhemer OA, Jovin TG, Siddiqui AH, van Zwam WH, Davis SM, Castaño C, Sapkota BL, Fransen PS, Molina C, van Oostenbrugge RJ, Chamorro Á, Lingsma H, Silver FL, Donnan GA, Shuaib A, Brown S, Stouch B, Mitchell PJ, Davalos A, Roos YB, Hill MD; HERMES Collaborators. Time to treatment with endovascular thrombectomy and outcomes from ischemic stroke: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2016;316(12):1279–1288.
  • English JD, Yavagal DR, Gupta R, Janardhan V, Zaidat OO, Xavier AR, Nogueira RG, Kirmani JF, Jovin TG. Mechanical thrombectomy-ready comprehensive stroke center requirements and endovascular stroke systems of care: recommendations from the endovascular stroke standards committee of the Society of Vascular and Interventional Neurology (SVIN). Interv Neurol. 2016;4(3-4):138–150. doi: 10.1159/000442715.
  • Goyal M1, Menon BK, van Zwam WH, Dippel DW, Mitchell PJ, Demchuk AM, Dávalos A, Majoie CB, van der Lugt A, de Miquel MA, Donnan GA, Roos YB, Bonafe A, Jahan R, Diener HC, van den Berg LA, Levy EI, Berkhemer OA, Pereira VM, Rempel J, Millán M, Davis SM, Roy D, Thornton J, Román LS, Ribó M, Beumer D, Stouch B, Brown S, Campbell BC, van Oostenbrugge RJ, Saver JL, Hill MD, Jovin TG; HERMES collaborators. Endovascular thrombectomy after large-vessel ischaemic stroke: a meta-analysis of individual patient data from five randomised trials. Lancet. 2016;387(10029):1723–1731.
  • Dozois A, Hampton L, Kingston CW, Lambert G, Porcelli TJ, Sorenson D, Templin M, VonCannon S, Asimos AW. PLUMBER Study (Prevalence of Large Vessel Occlusion Strokes in Mecklenburg County Emergency Response). Stroke. 2017;48(12):3397–3399. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.117.018925.
  • Krebs W, Sharkey-Toppen TP, Cheek F, Cortez E, Larrimore A, Panchal AR. Prehospital stroke assessment for large vessel occlusions: a systematic review. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2018;22(2):180–188. doi: 10.1080/10903127.2017.1371263.
  • Smith EE, Kent DM, Bulsara KR, et al. Accuracy of prediction instruments for diagnosing large vessel occlusion in individuals with suspected stroke: a systematic review for the 2018 guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke. Stroke. 2018;49(3):e111–e122.
  • Pérez de la Ossa N, Carrera D, Gorchs M, Querol M, Millán M, Gomis M, Dorado L, López-Cancio E, Hernández-Pérez M, Chicharro V, Escalada X, Jiménez X, Dávalos A. Design and validation of a prehospital stroke scale to predict large arterial occlusion: the rapid arterial occlusion evaluation scale. Stroke. 2014;45(1):87–91. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.113.003071.
  • Richards CT, Huebinger R, Tataris KL, Weber JM, Eggers L, Markul E, Stein-Spencer L, Pearlman KS, Holl JL, Prabhakaran S. Cincinnati Prehospital stroke scale can identify large vessel occlusion stroke. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2018;22(3):312–318. doi: 10.1080/10903127.2017.1387629.
  • Noorian AR, Sanossian N, Shkirkova K, Liebeskind DS, Eckstein M, Stratton SJ, Pratt FD, Conwit R, Chatfield F, Sharma LK, Restrepo L, Valdes-Sueiras M, Kim-Tenser M, Starkman S, Saver JL. Los Angeles motor scale to identify large vessel occlusion prehospital validation and comparison with other screens. Stroke. 2018;49:565–572.
  • McMullan JT, Katz B, Broderick J, Schmit P, Sucharew H, Adeoye O. Prospective prehospital evaluation of the cincinnati stroke triage assessment tool. Prehosp Emer Care. 2016;21(4):481–488. doi: 10.1080/10903127.2016.1274349.
  • SouthEast Texas Regional Advisory Council. Regional Stroke System Plan. 2016; https://www.setrac.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/SETRAC-Regional-Stroke-Plan-2016.pdf. Accessed December 19, 2018.
  • Mandrekar J. Receiver operating characteristic curve in diagnostic test assessment. J Thorac Oncol. 2010;5:1315–1316. doi: 10.1097/JTO.0b013e3181ec173d.
  • Hemphill JC 3rd, Greenberg SM, Anderson CS, Becker K, Bendok BR, Cushman M, Fung GL, Goldstein JN, Macdonald RL, Mitchell PH, Scott PA, Selim MH, Woo D. Guidelines for the management of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2015;46(7):2032–2060. doi: 10.1161/STR.0000000000000069.
  • Nogueira RG, Silva GS, Lima FO, Yeh YC, Fleming C, Branco D, Yancey AH, Ratcliff JJ, Wages RK, Doss E, Bouslama M, Grossberg JA, Haussen DC, Sakano T, Frankel MR. The FAST-ED APP: a smartphone platform for the field triage of patients with stroke. Stroke. 2017;48(5):1278–2184. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.016026.
  • Dickson R, Nedelcut A, Nedelcut MM. Stop Stroke: a brief report on door-to-needle times and performance after implementing an acute care coordination medical application and implications to emergency medical services. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(3):1–5.
  • Dickson RL, Sumathipala D, Reeves J. Stop stroke acute care coordination medical application: a brief report on postimplementation performance at a primary stroke center. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2016;25(5):1275–1279 doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2015.12.001.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.