Effect of Physician-Staffed Emergency Medical Services (P-EMS) on the Outcome of Patients with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Review of the Literature

References

• Ramaiah R, Grabinsky A, Williamson K, Bhanankar SM. Trauma care today, what’s new? Int J Crit Illn Inj Sci. 2011;1(1):22–6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Organization WH, Cii F, Series I: guidelines for essential trauma care. Health Syst Transit. 2015;34(9):80.
   Google Scholar
• Galvagno S.M. J, Sikorski R, Hirshon JM, Floccare D, Stephens C, Beecher D, Thomas S. Helicopter emergency medical services for adults with major trauma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;2015(12).
   Google Scholar
• Chi JH, Knudson MM, Vassar MJ, McCarthy MC, Shapiro MB, Mallet S, et al. Prehospital hypoxia affects outcome in patients with traumatic brain injury: a prospective multicenter study. J Trauma. 2006;61(5):1134–41.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Spaite DW, Hu C, Bobrow BJ, Chikani V, Barnhart B, Gaither JB, et al. The effect of combined out-of-hospital hypotension and hypoxia on mortality in major traumatic brain injury. Ann Emerg Med. 2017;69(1):62–72. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2016.08.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wells GA, Shea B, O’Connell D, Peterson J, Welch V, Losos M, Tugwell P. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses. Ottawa Hosp Res Inst. doi: 10.2307/632432 (Epub ahead of print).
   Google Scholar
• Higgins JP, Altman DG, Gøtzsche PC, Jüni P, Moher D, Oxman AD, et al. The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ 2011;343(7829):889–93.
   Google Scholar
• OCEBM Levels of Evidence Working Group; Durieux N, Pasleau F, Howick J. The oxford 2011 levels of evidence. Group. 2011;1:5653.
   Google Scholar
• Hudak AM, Caesar RR, Frol AB, Krueger K, Harper CR, Temkin NR, et al. Functional outcome scales in traumatic brain injury: a comparison of the Glasgow outcome scale (extended) and the functional status examination. J Neurotrauma. 2005;22(11):1319–26. doi: 10.1089/neu.2005.22.1319.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jennett B, Bond M. assessment of outcome after severe brain damage. A practical scale. Lancet. 1975;305(7905):480–4.
   Google Scholar
• ATLS Subcommittee. American College of Surgeons’ Committee on Trauma, International ATLS working group: Advanced trauma life support (ATLS®). J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2013;74(5):1363–6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baxt WG, Moody P. The impact of advanced prehospital emergency care on the mortality of severely brain-injured patients. The Journal of Trauma. 1987;27:365–9. doi: 10.1097/00005373-198704000-00004.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Garner AA, Mann KP, Fearnside M, Poynter E, Gebski V. The head injury retrieval trial (HIRT): a single-centre randomised controlled trial of physician prehospital management of severe blunt head injury compared with management by paramedics only. Emerg Med J. 2015;32:869–75. doi: 10.1136/emermed-2014-204390.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pakkanen T, Virkkunen I, Kämäräinen A, Huhtala H, Silfvast T, Virta J, Randell T, Yli-Hankala A. Pre-hospital severe traumatic brain injury - comparison of outcome in paramedic versus physician staffed emergency medical services. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2016;24(1):62.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Klemen P, Grmec S. Effect of pre-hospital advanced life support with rapid sequence intubation on outcome of severe traumatic brain injury. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2006;50(10):1250–4. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2006.01039.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engel DC, Mikocka-Walus A, Cameron PA, Maegele M. Pre-hospital and in-hospital parameters and outcomes in patients with traumatic brain injury: a comparison between German and Australian trauma registries. Injury. 2010;41(9):901–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Bartolomeo S, Sanson G, Nardi G, Scian F, Michelutto V, Lattuada L. Effects of 2 patterns of prehospital care on the outcome of patients with severe head injury. Arch Surg. 2001;136(11):1293–300.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bulger EM, Guffey D, Guyette FX, MacDonald RD, Brasel K, Kerby JD, et al. Impact of prehospital mode of transport after severe injury: a multicenter evaluation from the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2012;72(3):567–73; discussion 573–5; quiz 803.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garner A, Crooks J, Lee A, Bishop R: Efficacy of prehospital critical care teams for severe blunt head injury in the Australian setting. Injury. 2001;32(6):455–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franschman G, Verburg N, Brens-Heldens V, Andriessen TMJC, Naalt J Van Der, Peerdeman SM, et al. Effects of physician-based emergency medical service dispatch in severe traumatic brain injury on prehospital run time. Injury. 2012;43(11):1838–42. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2012.05.020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pakkanen T, Kämäräinen A, Huhtala H, Silfvast T, Nurmi J, Virkkunen I, Yli-Hankala A. Physician-staffed helicopter emergency medical service has a beneficial impact on the incidence of prehospital hypoxia and secured airways on patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2017;25(1).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Franschman G, Andriessen TMJC, Boer C, Naalt J Van Der, Horn J, Haitsma I, Vos PE. Physician-based emergency medical service deployment characteristics in severe traumatic brain injury: A Dutch multicenter study. Injury. 2013;44(9):1232–6. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2013.06.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aydin S, Overwater E, Saltzherr TP, Jin PHPFK, Exter P, van Ponsen KJ, Luitse JSK, Goslings JC. The association of mobile medical team involvement on on-scene times and mortality in trauma patients. J Trauma. 2010;69(3):589–594; discussion 594.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jongh MA de, Stel HF van, Schrijvers AJ, Leenen LP, Verhofstad MH. The effect of helicopter emergency medical services on trauma patient mortality in the Netherlands. Injury. 2012;43(9):1362–7. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2012.01.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor C, Jan S, Curtis K, Tzannes A, Li Q, Palmer C, Dickson C, Myburgh J. The cost-effectiveness of physician staffed helicopter emergency medical service (HEMS) transport to a major trauma centre in NSW, Australia. Injury. 2012;43(11):1843–9. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2012.07.184.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar