Multimedia Evaluation of EMT-Paramedic Assessment and Management of Pediatric Respiratory Distress

References

• National EMS Information System (NEMSIS). Salt Lake City (UT, United States): NHTSA’s Office of EMS; [accessed 2019 March 2]. https://nemsis.org.
   Google Scholar
• Drayna PC, Browne LR, Guse CE, Brousseau DC, Lerner EB. Prehospital pediatric care: opportunities for training, treatment, and research. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2015;19(3):441–7. doi:10.3109/10903127.2014.995850.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pawankar R, Holgate ST, Rosenwasser LJ. Allergy frontiers: epigenetics, allergens, and risk factors. 1st ed. Tokyo (Japan): Springer Verlag; 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Cherry JD. Clinical practice. Croup. N Engl J Med. 2008;358(4):384–91. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp072022.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasegawa K, Tsugawa Y, Brown DFM, Mansbach JM, Camargo CA. Trends in bronchiolitis hospitalizations in the United States, 2000-2009. Pediatrics. 2013;132(1):28–36. doi:10.1542/peds.2012-3877.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Camargo CA, Jr, Rachelefsky G, Schatz M. Managing asthma exacerbations in the emergency department: summary of the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program Expert Panel Report 3 guidelines for the management of asthma exacerbations. J Emerg Med. 2009;37(2 Suppl):S6–S17. doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2009.06.105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pollart SM, Compton RM, Elward KS. Management of acute asthma exacerbations. Am Fam Physician. 2011;84(1):40–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhogal SK, McGillivray D, Bourbeau J, Benedetti A, Bartlett S, Ducharme FM. Early administration of systemic corticosteroids reduces hospital admission rates for children with moderate and severe asthma exacerbation. Ann Emerg Med. 2012;60(1):84–91.e3. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2011.12.027.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell KF, Liang Y, O’Gorman K, Johnson DW, Klassen TP. Glucocorticoids for croup. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;19(1):CD001955.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonogh AJ. The use of steroids and nebulised adrenaline in the treatment of viral croup over a seven year period at a district hospital. Anaesth Intensive Care. 1994;22(2):175–8. doi:10.1177/0310057X9402200210.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Association of State EMS Officials. National model EMS clinical guidelines. Falls Church (VA): National Association of State EMS Officials; 2019 Jan 5 [accessed 2020 May 29]. https://nasemso.org/wp-content/uploads/National-Model-EMS-Clinical-Guidelines-2017-PDF-Version-2.2.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Houston Fire Department. Patient care guidelines and standing orders for BLS and ALS units. Houston (TX): Houston Fire Department; 2019 Mar 1 [accessed 2020 May 29]. https://www.hfdmd.org/HFDProtocols2019.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• New York State Department of Health. Statewide basic life support adult and pediatric treatment protocols. Albany (NY): Bureau of Emergency Medical Services and Trauma Systems; 2019 Apr 12 [accessed 2020 May 29]. https://www.health.ny.gov/professionals/ems/docs/bls_protocols.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• County of San Diego Emergency Medical Services. Pediatric treatment protocol-respiratory distress. San Diego (CA): County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency; 2018 Jul 1 [accessed 2020 May 29]. https://www.sandiegocounty.gov/content/dam/sdc/hhsa/programs/phs/EMS/Policies_Protocols/S-167_2018%20final%207.2.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Kunz D, Pariyadath M, Wittler M, Askew K, Manthey D, Hartman N. Derivation of a performance checklist for ultrasound-guided arthrocentesis using the modified Delphi method. J Ultrasound Med. 2017;36(6):1147–52. doi:10.7863/ultra.16.08004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eubank BH, Mohtadi NG, Lafave MR, Wiley JP, Bois AJ, Boorman RS, Sheps DM. Using the modified Delphi method to establish clinical consensus for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with rotator cuff pathology. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2016;16:56. doi:10.1186/s12874-016-0165-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lammers RL, Byrwa MJ, Fales WD, Hale RA. Simulation-based assessment of paramedic pediatric resuscitation skills . Prehosp Emerg Care. 2009;13(3):345–56. doi:10.1080/10903120802706161.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen M, Cedar A, Yarris L, Spiro D, Ilgen JS, Meckler G. Development and implementation of a web-based instrument to assess management of pediatric respiratory emergencies among trainees. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2013;29(9):1037–40. doi:10.1097/PEC.0b013e3182a36082.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen M, Meckler G, Lambert W, Dickinson C, Dickinson K, Guise JM. Paramedic assessment and treatment of upper airway obstruction in pediatric patients: an exploratory analysis by the Children’s Safety Initiative-Emergency Medical Services. Am J Emerg Med. 2016;34(3):599–601. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2015.12.082.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bjornson C, Russell KF, Vandermeer B, Durec T, Klassen TP, Johnson DW. Cochrane review: nebulized epinephrine for croup in children. Evid-Based Child Health Cochrane Rev J. 2012;7:1131–354. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006619.pub3.
   Google Scholar
• Ledwith CA, Shea LM, Mauro RD. Safety and efficacy of nebulized racemic epinephrine in conjunction with oral dexamethasone and mist in the outpatient treatment of croup. Ann Emerg Med. 1995;25(3):331–7. doi:10.1016/s0196-0644(95)70290-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westley C, Cotton EK, Brooks JG. Nebulized racemic epinephrine by IPPB for the treatment of croup: a double-blind study. Am J Dis Child. 1978;132(5):484–7. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1978.02120300044008.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bjornson CL, Johnson DW. Croup. Lancet. 2008;371(9609):329–39. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60170-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ralston SL, Lieberthal AS, Meissner HC, Alverson BK, Baley JE, Gadomski AM, Johnson DW, Light MJ, Maraqa NF, Mendonca EA, et al. Clinical practice guideline: the diagnosis, management, and prevention of bronchiolitis. Pediatrics. 2014;134(5):e1474-502. doi:10.1542/peds.2014-2742.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carey JM, Studnek JR, Browne LR, Ostermayer DG, Grawey T, Schroter S, Lerner EB, Shah MI. Paramedic-identified enablers of and barriers to pediatric seizure management: a multicenter, qualitative study. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2019;23(6):870–81. doi:10.1080/10903127.2019.1595234.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higgs J, Jones M, Loftus S, Christensen N. Clinical reasoning in health professions. 3rd ed. Philadelphia (PA): Elsevier; 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Hoyle JD, Jr, Sleight D, Henry R, Chassee T, Fales B, Mavis B. Pediatric prehospital medication dosing errors: a mixed methods study. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2016;20(1):117–24. doi:10.3109/10903127.2015.1061625.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoyle JD, Jr, Crowe RP, Bentley MA, Beltran G, Fales W. Pediatric prehospital medication dosing errors: a national survey of paramedics. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2017;21(2):185–91. doi:10.1080/10903127.2016.1227001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahman A, Curtis S, DeBruyne B, Sookram S, Thomson D, Lutz S, Ali S. Emergency medical services provider comfort with prehospital analgesia administration to children. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(1):66–71. doi:10.1017/S1049023X14001277.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rissmiller B, Castro D, Minard CG, Sur M, Roy K, Turner T, Thammasitboon S. The diagnostic expertise acceleration module (DEAM): promoting the formation of organized knowledge. Med Educ Online. 2019;24(1):1679945. doi:10.1080/10872981.2019.1679945.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pusic M, Pecaric M, Boutis K. How much practice is enough? Using learning curves to assess the deliberate practice of radiograph interpretation. Acad Med. 2011;86(6):731–6. doi:10.1097/ACM.0b013e3182178c3c.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt HG, Rikers RM. How expertise develops in medicine: knowledge encapsulation and illness script formation. Med Educ. 2007;41(12):1133–9. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2007.02915.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Medoro I, Cone DC. An analysis of EMS and ED detection of stroke. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2017;21(4):476–80. doi:10.1080/10903127.2017.1294222.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdullah AR, Smith EE, Biddinger PD, Kalenderian D, Schwamm LH. Advance hospital notification by EMS in acute stroke is associated with shortedr door-to-computed tomography time and increased likelihood of administration of tissue-plasminogen actvator. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2008;12(4):426–31. doi:10.1080/10903120802290828.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belvis R, Cocho D, Marti-Fabregas J, Pagonabarraga J, Aleu A, Garcia-Bargo MD, Pons J, Coma E, Garcia-Alfranca F, Jimenez-Fabrega X, et al. Benefits of a prehospital stroke code system. Feasibility andefficacy in the first year of clinical practice in Barcelona, Spain. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2005;19(2):96–101. doi:10.1159/000082786.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mencl F, Wilber S, Frey J, Zalewski J, Maiers JF, Bhalla MC. Paramedic ability to recognize ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction on prehospital electrocardiograms. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2013;17(2):203–10. doi:10.3109/10903127.2012.755585.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar