References
- Ten leading causes of death and injury - PDFs|Injury Center|CDC. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed October 1, 2019. https://www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars/LeadingCauses.html.
- Drug and opioid-involved overdose deaths - United States, 2013–2017 | MMWR. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed October 2, 2019. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/67/wr/mm675152e1.htm?s_cid=mm675152e1_w.
- Products - data briefs - number 329 - November 2018. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed October 1, 2019. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db329.htm.
- Gomes T, Tadrous M, Mamdani MM, Paterson JM, Juurlink DN. The burden of opioid-related mortality in the United States. JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(2):e180217. doi:https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.0217.
- Weiner SG, Baker O, Bernson D, Schuur JD. One-year mortality of patients after emergency department treatment for nonfatal opioid overdose. Ann Emerg Med. 2020;75(1):13–7. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2019.04.020.
- CDC's response to the opioid overdose epidemic | Opioids Portal | CDC. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed October 2, 2019. https://www.cdc.gov/opioids/strategy.html.
- Keseg DP, Augustine JJ, Fowler RL, Scheppke KA, Farcy DA, Pepe PE. Annotated guidance and recommendations for the role and actions of emergency medical services systems in the current opioid and drug-related epidemics. J Emerg Med. 2019;57(2):187–94.E1. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2019.04.017.
- Schechtman D, He JC, Zosa BM, Allen D, Claridge JA. Trauma system regionalization improves mortality in patients requiring trauma laparotomy. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2017;82(1):58–64.
- Spencer BR, Khan OM, Bobrow J, Demaerschalk BM. Emergency medical services support for acute ischemic stroke patients receiving thrombolysis at a primary stroke center. J Brain Dis. 2009;4(1):13–7.
- Mumma BE, Diercks DB, Holmes JF. Availability and utilization of cardiac resuscitation centers. West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(7):758–63. doi:https://doi.org/10.5811/westjem.2014.8.21877.
- D’Onofrio G, O’Connor PG, Pantalon MV, Chawarski MC, Busch SH, Owens PH, Bernstein SL, Fiellin DA. Emergency department – initiated burprenorphine/naloxone for opioid dependence: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2015;313(16):1636–44. doi:https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2015.3474.
- World Health Organization (WHO). Guidelines for the psychosocially assisted pharmacological treatment of opioid dependance. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2009.
- Kakko J, Svanborg KD, Kreek MJ, Heilig M. 1-year retention and social function after buprenorphine-assisted relapse prevention treatment for heroin dependence in Sweden: a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2003;361(9358):662–8. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12600-1.
- Gowing L, Farrell MF, Bornemann R, Sullivan LE, Ali R. Oral substitution treatment of injecting opioid users for prevention of HIV infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;10(8):832–33.
- CA Bridge. Transforming addiction treatment. Accessed Aug, 1, 2020. www.BridgetoTreatment.org.