452
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Contributions

Identification of Non-Fatal Opioid Overdose Cases Using 9-1-1 Computer Assisted Dispatch and Prehospital Patient Clinical Record Variables

ORCID Icon, , , , , , & show all
Pages 818-828 | Received 24 Mar 2021, Accepted 11 Sep 2021, Published online: 27 Oct 2021

References

  • Drug Overdose Deaths in the United States, 1999–2018. NCHS Data Brief, no 356. 2020.
  • Wilson N, Kariisa M, Seth P, Smith H, Davis NL. Drug and opioid-involved overdose deaths - United States, 2017-2018. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69(11):290–7. Mardoi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6911a4.
  • Office of Analytics Department of Health and Human Services State of Nevada. Opioid surveillance. 2020. 9 p.
  • Enhanced State Opioid Overdose Surveillance (ESOOS) Program, 32 states and the District of Columbia reporting. July 2019.
  • Rowe C, Vittinghoff E, Santos GM, Behar E, Turner C, Coffin PO. Performance measures of diagnostic codes for detecting opioid overdose in the emergency department. Acad Emerg Med. 2017;24(4):475–83. doi:10.1111/acem.13121.
  • Pollini RA, McCall L, Mehta SH, Celentano DD, Vlahov D, Strathdee SA. Response to overdose among injection drug users. Am J Prev Med. 2006;31(3):261–4. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2006.04.002.
  • Wagner KD, Valente TW, Casanova M, Partovi SM, Mendenhall BM, Hundley JH, Gonzalez M, Unger JB. Evaluation of an overdose prevention and response training programme for injection drug users in the Skid Row area of Los Angeles, CA. Int J Drug Policy. 2010;21(3):186–93. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2009.01.003.
  • Tobin KE, Davey MA, Latkin CA. Calling emergency medical services during drug overdose: an examination of individual, social and setting correlates. Addiction. 2005;100(3):397–404. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.00975.x.
  • Vilke GM, Sloane C, Smith AM, Chan TC. Assessment for deaths in out-of-hospital heroin overdose patients treated with naloxone who refuse transport. Acad Emerg Med. 2003;10(8):893–6. doi:10.1111/j.1553-2712.2003.tb00636.x.
  • Slavova S, Rock P, Bush HM, Quesinberry D, Walsh SL. Signal of increased opioid overdose during COVID-19 from emergency medical services data. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2020;214:108176. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108176.
  • Glenn MJ, Rice AD, Primeau K, Hollen A, Jado I, Hannan P, McDonough S, Arcaris B, Spaite DW, Gaither JB. Refusals after prehospital administration of naloxone during the COVID-19 pandemic. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2020;25(1):46–54. doi:10.1080/10903127.2020.1834656.
  • Weiner SG, Cash RE, Hendricks M, Ibrahimi SE, Baker O, Seethala RR, Peters G, Goldberg SA. Ambulance calls for substance-related issues before and after COVID-19. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2020;15:1–17. doi:10.1080/10903127.2020.1845420.
  • Ochalek TA, Cumpston KL, Wills BK, Gal TS, Moeller FG. Nonfatal opioid overdoses at an urban emergency department during the COVID-19 pandemic. JAMA. 2020;324(16):1673–1674. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.17477.
  • Rodda LN, West KL, LeSaint KT. Opioid overdose-related emergency department visits and accidental deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Urban Health. 2020;97(6):808–13. doi:10.1007/s11524-020-00486-y.
  • Grover JM, Alabdrabalnabi T, Patel MD, Bachman MW, Platts-Mills TF, Cabanas JG, Williams JG. Measuring a crisis: questioning the use of naloxone administrations as a marker for opioid overdoses in a large U.S. EMS system. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2018;22(3):281–9. doi:10.1080/10903127.2017.1387628.
  • Ray BR, Lowder EM, Kivisto AJ, Phalen P, Gil H. EMS naloxone administration as non-fatal opioid overdose surveillance: 6-year outcomes in Marion County, Indiana. Addiction. 2018;113(12):2271–9. doi:10.1111/add.14426.
  • Knowlton A, Weir BW, Hazzard F, Olsen Y, McWilliams J, Fields J, Gaasch W. EMS runs for suspected opioid overdose: implications for surveillance and prevention. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2013;17(3):317–29. doi:10.3109/10903127.2013.792888.
  • City of Cleveland, Department of Public Safety Protocols. 2015.
  • Cleveland Clinic, Regional Hospitals EMS Protocols. 2017.
  • Friedman MS, Manini AF. Validation of Criteria to Guide Prehospital Naloxone Administration for Drug-Related Altered Mental Status. J Med Toxicol. 2016;12(3):270–5. doi:10.1007/s13181-016-0549-5.
  • Drennan IR, Orkin AM. OPIOID CRISIS. Prehospital naloxone administration for opioid-related emergencies. J Emerg Med Serv. 2016;41(3):36–9.
  • Weiner SG, Mitchell PM, Temin ES, Langlois BK, Dyer KS. Use of intranasal naloxone by basic life support providers. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2017;21(3):322–6. doi:10.1080/10903127.2017.1282562.
  • Williams K, Lang ES, Panchal AR, Gasper JJ, Taillac P, Gouda J, Lyng JW, Goodloe JM, Hedges M. Evidence-based guidelines for EMS administration of naloxone. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2019;23(6):749–63. doi:10.1080/10903127.2019.1597955.
  • Wampler DA, Molina DK, McManus J, Laws P, Manifold CA. No deaths associated with patient refusal of transport after naloxone-reversed opioid overdose. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2011;15(3):320–4. doi:10.3109/10903127.2011.569854.
  • Sumner SA, Mercado-Crespo MC, Spelke MB, Paulozzi L, Sugerman DE, Hillis SD, Stanley C. Use of naloxone by emergency medical services during opioid drug overdose resuscitation efforts. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2016;20(2):220–5. doi:10.3109/10903127.2015.1076096.
  • Coffin PO, Tracy M, Bucciarelli A, Ompad D, Vlahov D, Galea S. Identifying injection drug users at risk of nonfatal overdose. Acad Emerg Med. 2007;14(7):616–23. doi:10.1197/j.aem.2007.04.005.
  • Baca CT, Grant KJ. What heroin users tell us about overdose. J Addict Dis. 2007;26(4):63–8. doi:10.1300/J069v26n04_08.
  • Lasher L, Rhodes J, Viner-Brown S. Identification and description of non-fatal opioid overdoses using Rhode Island EMS Data, 2016-2018. R I Med J (2013). 2019;102(2):41–5.
  • Weiner SG, Baker O, Bernson D, Schuur JD. One-year mortality of patients after emergency department treatment for nonfatal opioid overdose. Ann Emerg Med. 2020;75(1):13–7. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2019.04.020.
  • Wagner KD, Harding RW, Kelley R, Labus B, Verdugo SR, Copulsky E, Bowles JM, Mittal ML, Davidson PJ. Post-overdose interventions triggered by calling 911: Centering the perspectives of people who use drugs (PWUDs). PLoS One. 2019;14(10):e0223823. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0223823.
  • Clawson J. Emergency medical dispatching. Prehosp Disaster Med. 1989; 4(2):163–6. doi:10.1017/S1049023X00029964.
  • National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Emergency Medical Dispatch. 1996.
  • Washoe County Health District. Washoe County Regional EMS Protocols. 2021. p. 85.
  • Wagner K, Verdugo S, Stout T, Selters J, Reuther P, Lee B, Labus B, Davidson P. Optimizing the use of pre-hospital emergency medical data to identify opioid overdoses. Ann Emerg Dispatch Response. 2018.
  • R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R foundation for statistical computing; 2020. Vienna, Austria.
  • The SAS system for Windows. Release 9.4. 2016.
  • Breiman L. Random forests. Mach Learn. 2001;45(1):5–32. doi:10.1023/A:1010933404324.
  • Sternfeld I, Perras N, Culross PL. Development of a coroner-based surveillance system for drug-related deaths in Los Angeles county. J Urban Health. 2010;87(4):656–69. doi:10.1007/s11524-010-9455-3.
  • Bowles JM, Smith LR, Verdugo SR, Wagner KD, Davidson PJ. “Generally, you get 86′ed because you're a liability”: an application of integrated threat theory to frequently witnessed overdoses and social distancing responses. Soc Sci Med. 2020;260:113190. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113190.
  • Pascal M, Laaidi K, Wagner V, Ung AB, Smaili S, Fouillet A, Caserio-Schönemann C, Beaudeau P. How to use near real-time health indicators to support decision-making during a heat wave: the example of the French heat wave warning system. PLoS Curr. 2012;4. doi:10.1371/4f83ebf72317d.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Unintentional and undetermined poisoning deaths–11 states, 1990-2001. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2004;53(11):233–8.
  • Wagner KD, Oman RF, Smith KP, Harding RW, Dawkins AD, Lu M, Woodard S, Berry MN, Roget NA. "Another tool for the tool box? I'll take it!": Feasibility and acceptability of mobile recovery outreach teams (MROT) for opioid overdose patients in the emergency room! J Subst Abuse Treat. 2020;108:95–103. doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2019.04.011.
  • Samuels EA, Baird J, Yang ES, Mello MJ. Adoption and Utilization of an emergency department naloxone distribution and peer recovery coach consultation program. Acad Emerg Med. 2018;26(2):160–73. doi:10.1111/acem.13545.
  • Waye KM, Goyer J, Dettor D, Mahoney L, Samuels EA, Yedinak JL, Marshall BDL. Implementing peer recovery services for overdose prevention in Rhode Island: an examination of two outreach-based approaches. Addict Behav. 2019;89:85–91. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.09.027.
  • Kariisa M, Scholl L, Wilson N, Seth P, Hoots B. Drug overdose deaths involving cocaine and psychostimulants with abuse potential - United States, 2003-2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019;68(17):388–95. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6817a3.
  • Mattson CL, Tanz LJ, Quinn K, Kariisa M, Patel P, Davis NL. Trends and geographic patterns in drug and synthetic opioid overdose deaths - United States, 2013-2019. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021;70(6):202–7. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7006a4.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.