A study on the effect of interelectrode gap in the electrochemical additive manufacturing process

References

• Bard, A.J.; Huesser, O.E.; Craston, D.H. (1990) High resolution deposition and etching in polymer films. Google Patents.
   Google Scholar
• Bešter-Rogač, M. (2008) Electrical conductivity of concentrated aqueous solutions of divalent metal sulfates. Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 53(6): 1355–1359.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brant, A.M.; Sundaram, M.M.; Kamaraj, A.B. (2015) Finite element simulation of localized electrochemical deposition for maskless electrochemical additive manufacturing. Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, 137(1): 011018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brant, A.; Sundaram, M. (2016) A novel electrochemical micro additive manufacturing method of overhanging metal parts without reliance on support structures. Procedia Manufacturing, 5(Supplement C): 928–943.
   Google Scholar
• Bruggeman, D.A.G. (1935) Berechnung verschiedener physikalischer Konstanten von heterogenen Substanzen. I. Dielektrizitätskonstanten und Leitfähigkeiten der Mischkörper aus isotropen Substanzen. Annalen der Physik, 416(7): 636–664.
   Google Scholar
• Chabok, H.; Zhou C.; Chen, Y.; Eskandarinazhad, A.; Zhou, Q.; Shung, K. (2012) Ultrasound transducer array fabrication based on additive manufacturing of piezocomposites. ASME/ISCIE 2012 International Symposium on Flexible Automation, St. Louis, Missouri, USA, 18–20 June 2012, 433–444.
   Google Scholar
• Chang, T.K.; Lin, J.C.; Yang, J.H.; Yeh, P.C.; Lee, D.L.; Jiang, S.B. (2007) Surface and transverse morphology of micrometer nickel columns fabricated by localized electrochemical deposition. Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, 17(11): 2336.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El‐Giar, E.M.; Said, R.A.; Bridges, G.E.; Thomson, D.J. (2000) Localized electrochemical deposition of copper microstructures. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 147(2): 586–591.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamaraj, A.B.; Sundaram, M.M. (2015) Analytical and experimental study of electrochemical micromilling. International Journal of Manufacturing, Materials, and Mechanical Engineering, 5(2): 1–16.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamaraj, A.; Lewis, S.; Sundaram, M. (2016) Numerical study of localized electrochemical deposition for micro electrochemical additive manufacturing. Procedia CIRP, 42: 788–792. doi: 10.1016/j.procir.2016.02.320.
   Google Scholar
• Kruth, J.P.; Froyen, L.; Van Vaerenbergh, J.; Mercelis, P.; Rombouts, M.; Lauwers, B. (2004) Selective laser melting of iron-based powder. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 149(1–3): 616–622.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, J.C.; Chang, T.K.; Yang, J.H.; Chen, Y.S.; Chuang, C.L. (2010) Localized electrochemical deposition of micrometer copper columns by pulse plating. Electrochimica Acta, 55(6): 1888–1894.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madden, J.D.; Hunter, I.W. (1996) Three-dimensional microfabrication by localized electrochemical deposition. Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, 5(1): 24–32.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajurkar, K.P.; Kozak, J.; Wei, B.; McGeough, J.A. (1993) Study of pulse electrochemical machining characteristics. CIRP Annals – Manufacturing Technology, 42(1): 231–234.
   Google Scholar
• Roberts, I.A.; Wang, C.J.; Esterlein, R.; Stanford, M.; Mynors, D.J. (2009) A three-dimensional finite element analysis of the temperature field during laser melting of metal powders in additive layer manufacturing. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 49(12–13): 916–923.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Said, R.A. (2003a) Microfabrication by localized electrochemical deposition: Experimental investigation and theoretical modelling. Nanotechnology, 14(5): 523.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Said, R.A. (2003b) Shape formation of microstructures fabricated by localized electrochemical deposition. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 150(8): C549–C557.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Said, R.A. (2004) Adaptive tip-withdrawal control for reliable microfabrication by localized electrodeposition. Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, 13(5): 822–832.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shailendar, S.; Sundaram, M.M. (2016) A feasibility study of localized electrochemical deposition using liquid marbles. Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 31(1): 81–86.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sundaram, M.M.; Kamaraj, A.B.; Kumar, V.S. (2015) Mask-less electrochemical additive manufacturing: A feasibility study. Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, 137(2): 021006–021015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaezi, M.; Seitz, H.; Yang, S. (2012) A review on 3D micro-additive manufacturing technologies. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 67(5): 1721–1754.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, F.; Wang, F.; He, H. (2016) Parametric electrochemical deposition of controllable morphology of copper micro-columns. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 163(10): E322–E327.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeo, S.; Choo, J.H.; Yip, K.S. (2000) Localized electrochemical deposition: The growth behavior of nickel microcolumns. Proceedings of the SPIE, Micromachining and Microfabrication Process, Santa Clara, CA, 25 August 2000, Vol. 4174, 30-39.
   Google Scholar
• Yeo, S.H.; Choo, J.H. (2001) Effects of rotor electrode in the fabrication of high aspect ratio microstructures by localized electrochemical deposition. Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, 11(5): 435.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar